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Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), is any method of representing a signal as
Pulse-width_modulation
Modulation technique for mitigating EMI of power converters
Random pulse-width modulation (RPWM) is a modulation technique introduced for mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) of power converters by spreading
Random_pulse-width_modulation
Modulation technique for LED power control
pseudo-random pulses in the signal are visible. SSDM can be seen as a special case of Pulse-density modulation (PDM) or Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM)
Stochastic Signal Density Modulation
Stochastic_Signal_Density_Modulation
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs
Pulse-code_modulation
Method for converting signals between digital and analog
which can be ultimately encoded as pulse-code modulation (PCM). Both ADCs and DACs can employ delta–sigma modulation. A delta–sigma ADC (e.g., Figure 1
Delta-sigma_modulation
Signal processing technique
{\displaystyle f_{0}} , truncated by a rectangular function of width, T {\displaystyle T} . The pulse is transmitted periodically, but that is not the main topic
Pulse_compression
Way to produce very short laser bursts
actual pulse duration depends on many other factors, such as the actual pulse shape and the overall dispersion of the cavity. Subsequent modulation could
Mode_locking
Monophonic analog synthesizer
modulation of the VCF for quasi-ring modulation, waveform sweep/quasi-pulse-width modulation, and more 2 AR (attack/release) envelope generators with switchable
Multimoog
Technique for driving a multiplexed display
switches called Tucoplexing. Charlieplexing can even be used with pulse-width modulation to control the brightness of 12 LEDs with 4 pins. In the following
Charlieplexing
Audio signal processing technique
process offers good range resolution because the half-power beam width of the compressed pulse is consistent with the system bandwidth. The basics of the method
Chirp_compression
Military air navigation system
constant 2700 pulses consist of distance-measurement pulses or random filler pulses. Pulse amplitude modulation contains additional information. The course-bearing
Tactical air navigation system
Tactical_air_navigation_system
Transfer of data over a communication channel
analog modulation method such as AM or FM. It may also include analog-over-analog pulse modulated baseband signals such as pulse-width modulation. In a
Data_communication
Line of synthesizers
continuously from a pure sine wave to a square wave (with variable pulse-width modulation), as well as 63 "spectral" waveforms which are entirely synthetic
Access_Virus
Type of interference created by switching-mode power supplies
is held constant and the voltage is modulated by varying pulse width (pulse-width modulation or PWM), thereby presenting a fixed frequency to the filter
Switching_noise_jitter
Polyphonic analogue synthesizer
output sawtooth, triangle, square, or sawtooth+triangle waveforms. Pulse-width modulation is available for all four waveforms, with a dedicated low-frequency
Akai_AX60
Oscilloscope display of a digital data signal
time Eye delay Eye fall time Eye rise time Eye width Horizontal eye opening Peak-to-peak jitter Random jitter RMS jitter CRC jitter Total jitter Constellation
Eye_pattern
German longwave time signal radio station
inbetween. The DCF77 station signal carries an amplitude-modulated, pulse-width coded 1 bit/s data signal. The same data signal is also phase modulated
DCF77
Synthesizer
continuous high-pass filter of the 106, the envelope-controllable pulse-width-modulation of the 60, and the filter of both switchable from the front panel
Roland_Juno-106
Device that emits light via optical amplification
be intentionally turned on and off at some rate to create pulses of light. When the modulation rate is on time scales much slower than the cavity lifetime
Laser
Series of microcontrollers
general purpose timer (GPT) module provides pulse accumulators, capture/compare, and pulse-width modulation capabilities. Some models have a network interface
Freescale_683XX
Synthesizer released in 2000
waveform adding inharmonic content, and pulse wave has variable pulse width; PWM is also available, and the modulation source can be chosen from LFO1, LFO2
Oberheim_OB12
Voice encryption, transformation, and synthesis device
This analysis results in a set of digital pulse code modulation stream readings. Then the pulse code modulation stream outputs of each band are transmitted
Vocoder
Type of adjustable-speed drive
VFDs include low- and medium-voltage AC–AC and DC–AC topologies. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) variable-frequency drive projects started in the 1960s at
Variable-frequency_drive
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
successive pulses of radio waves are transmitted to "illuminate" a target scene, and the echo of each pulse is received and recorded. The pulses are transmitted
Synthetic-aperture_radar
pulse-width modulation (PWM) is applicable as programmed switching method and; Non-deterministic (or random modulation), characterized by the random PWM
Switching_control_techniques
Therapy for treatment of heart failure patients
Cardiac contractility modulation is a therapy which is intended for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe heart failure (NYHA class II–IV)
Cardiac contractility modulation
Cardiac_contractility_modulation
Ultra high frequency radio to transmit TV
forward error correction scheme, in which a channel is assumed to have a random bit error rate and additional data bits may be sent to allow these errors
UHF_television_broadcasting
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
(corresponding physically to single-sideband modulation) of the zero-frequency case. In this case the elementary pulse is obtained from sin ( x ) / x {\displaystyle
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Subdiscipline of measurement and signature intelligence
surfaces moving away from it. Moving surfaces impose a pulse width modulation. Detecting modulation depends on the angle of the source versus the target;
Radar_MASINT
System that converts an analog signal into a digital signal
such ADCs use sine wave or square wave frequency modulation; others use pulse-frequency modulation. Such ADCs were once the most popular way to show
Analog-to-digital_converter
Polyphonic analog synthesizer
a comprehensive amount of options, including: the bender, VCO pitch, pulse-width, both highpass and lowpass filter cutoff, and the VCA. The final VCA
Roland_Jupiter-4
Analogue synthesizer
which is capable of generating sawtooth, triangle, pulse, or noise waveforms. Furthermore, the pulse width can be modulated as well. Although perhaps better
Oberheim_Xpander
Spectroscopy with lasers with very short pulses
sequence of ultrashort light pulses to initiate a process and record its dynamics. The temporal width (duration) of the light pulses has to be on the same scale
Ultrafast_laser_spectroscopy
Quantum states light can be in
Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are the classical means to imprint information on a carrier field. (Frequency modulation is mathematically
Squeezed_states_of_light
Device for receiving radio transmissions
conducted to ground. Bandwidth and selectivity: See graphs. The information (modulation) in a radio transmission is contained in two narrow bands of frequencies
Radio_receiver
Purposeful modulation of nervous system activity
Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g., microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g., transcranial
Neurostimulation
Therapeutic technique
conductive gel pads. A typical battery-operated TENS unit is able to modulate pulse width, frequency, and intensity. Generally, TENS is applied at high frequency
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation
Stylus-operated analog synthesizer
needed] Features include a sub-oscillator with octave selection, pulse-width modulation, and an envelope with attack, pitch, and decay controls. The Gen
Stylophone
Programming language and compiler
pin_d7_direction = input--switch pin_c2_direction = output--pwm led--enable pulse width modulation PWM_init_frequency (true, true) forever loop--convert analog on
JAL_(compiler)
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
compared to the wavelength, reflections will not be coherent but shifted by random phases. With shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies), this is generally
Antenna_(radio)
Synthesizer composed of separate modules
includes pulse, triangle and sine waves), however these can be dynamically changed through such controls as sync, frequency modulation, and self-modulation. Noise
Modular_synthesizer
Torque regulation method for three-phase AC motors
and start the inverter. The flux will be identified by the first current pulse Digital control equipment has to be very fast in order to be able to prevent
Direct_torque_control
Semiconductor light source
Dimming: LEDs can be dimmed either by pulse-width modulation or lowering the forward current. This pulse-width modulation is why LED lights, particularly headlights
Light-emitting_diode
Pulse amplitude – Pulse duration – Pulse – Pulse-address multiple access – Pulse-code modulation – Pulsed inductive thruster – Pulse-width modulation
Index_of_electronics_articles
Analogue modular synthesizer
simple ground connection made between different units cross connection/modulation can be made between systems. One of the first Serge Modular synthesizer
Serge_synthesizer
Digital audio synthesis technique
synthesizers can simulate the methods used by analog synthesizers, such as pulse-width modulation by utilising a number of square waves of different duty cycles.
Wavetable_synthesis
Interference with authorized wireless communications
form of signal jamming are random noise, random pulse, stepped tones, warbler, random keyed modulated CW, tone, rotary, pulse, spark, recorded sounds, gulls
Radio_jamming
Synthesizer
the filter, VCA, pitch and pulse width can be controlled with an LFO. Users can attach an optional handgrip with modulation controls and shoulder strap
Roland_SH-101
Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons
signals with the same modulation (100 kHz) are detected. This results in higher signal to noise ratios. Note field modulation is unique to continuous
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron_paramagnetic_resonance
8-bit microcontroller family
general purpose STM8T touch-sensing STLUX lighting control STNRG Pulse-width modulation-controllers The STM8 is supported by the open-source Small Device
STM8
Analog synthesizer
functionality includes: Pulse-Width Modulation, controllable by envelope or LFO an additional LFO (LFO2) additional LFO wave forms and modulations enhanced six-stage
Roland_JX-10
Computing network of nanomachines, at nanoscale
possible to realize multilevel amplitude modulation based on ideal diffusion. A comprehensive study of pulse-based binary and sinus-based, concentration-encoded
Nanonetwork
Type of solid-state switch
trigger current (IGT). Gate trigger current varies inversely with gate pulse width in such a way that it is evident that there is a minimum gate charge
Thyristor
Synthesizer
continuous high-pass filter of the 106, the envelope-controllable pulse-width-modulation of the 60, and the filter of both switchable from the front panel
Roland_Juno-60
1930s analog standard-definition television resolution standard
(PDF). Radio and Television News (May): 40. Lohr (1940) "The following are random notes about". www.tech-notes.tv. "Participation of A.Raspletin in developing
441-line_television_system
effect (electromagnetism) Pulse transformer Pulse-width modulation Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) Pulse-code modulation Pumped-storage hydroelectricity
Index of electrical engineering articles
Index_of_electrical_engineering_articles
Replacing a number with a simpler value
related technique called pulse-width modulation is used to achieve analog type output from an inertial device by rapidly pulsing the power with a variable
Rounding
Medical intervention
Common pulse schemes for the creation of harmonic response without the need of real-time Fourier analysis are pulse inversion and power modulation. B-flow
Medical_ultrasound
Data format used for audio compact discs
variation of this technique called pulse-density modulation (PDM), while Matsushita (now Panasonic) chose pulse-width modulation (PWM), advertising it as MASH
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
Discontinued Synthesizer
entire keyboard. Available waveforms include sawtooth, triangle, variable width pulse, square, and noise. Unusually, the JP-6 allows simultaneous selection
Roland_Jupiter-6
American shortwave time signal radio station
subcarrier (−15 dB referenced to 100% modulation) and red the lower strength subcarrier (−30 dB referenced to 100% modulation). The widest yellow bars represent
WWV_(radio_station)
Signals broadcast by GPS satellites
PRN code with receiver generated PRN code shifted half a pulse width early and half a pulse width late are used to estimate adjustment required. The amount
GPS_signals
Synthesizer made by Roland in the 1980s
synthesizer. Each voice features two discrete VCOs with cross-modulation and sync, pulse-width modulation, a non-resonant high-pass filter, a resonant Low-pass
Roland_Jupiter-8
Device that amplifies an optical signal
edge of the pulse is amplified, until the saturation energy of the gain medium is reached. In some condition, the width (FWHM) of the pulse is reduced
Optical_amplifier
Novel computer memory type
Recently researchers have proposed non-geometrical approaches such as local modulation of magnetic properties through composition modification. Techniques such
Racetrack_memory
Converts light into current
system, the response time determines the bandwidth available for signal modulation and thus data transmission. Noise-equivalent power Noise-equivalent power
Photodiode
Multi-core microcontroller
generally, the timing hardware can be used to implement various pulse-width modulation (PWM) timing signals. In addition to the Spin interpreter and a
Parallax_Propeller
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
binning Discretization Discretization error Least count Posterization Pulse-code modulation Quantile Quantization (image processing) Regression dilution – a
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
necessarily the same as the object's synodic day or sidereal day. rotational modulation A phenomenon which causes the luminosity of a star to vary as rotation
Glossary_of_astronomy
Short "burst" or "envelope" of restricted wave action that travels as a unit
change (dispersion) while propagating. Ideas related to wave packets – modulation, carrier waves, phase velocity, and group velocity – date from the mid-1800s
Wave_packet
Computer expansion bus standard
4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) with a low-latency forward error correction (FEC) in place of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation. Unlike previous
PCI_Express
well as video standards. Snow Heavy random noise. Spike A transient of short duration, comprising part of a pulse, during which the amplitude considerably
Glossary_of_video_terms
Disruption to reception of television signals
visible as multiple impressions of the same image, slightly shifted along the width of the screen due to the varying transmission path. Some multipath reception
Television_interference
Medical device for artificially stimulating heart contractions
device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to
Pacemaker
Line of analog synthesizers by Casio
waveforms including triangles, sawtooth, squares of different widths, and some unusual pulses, plus various combinations thereof. The DCO has preprogrammed
Casio_SD_Synthesizers
American audio and video recorder and storage media company
mathematics behind the reactance tube FM modulator, as videotape then used FM modulation for the video portion. Another contributor designed the FM modulator itself
Ampex
Tensor that rotates the reference frame to simplify analysis
1109/T-AIEE.1929.5055275. ISSN 2330-9431. D. Holmes and T. Lipo, "Pulse Width Modulation for Power Converters: Principles and Practice", Wiley-IEEE Press
Direct-quadrature-zero transformation
Direct-quadrature-zero_transformation
8-bit home computer introduced in 1982
per audio channel: triangle, sawtooth, variable pulse, noise Oscillator synchronization, ring modulation Programmable filters: high-pass, low-pass, band-pass
Commodore_64
Technique in spectroscopy
decoupling is achieved with multiple-pulse sequences (WAHUHA, MREV-8, BR-24, BLEW-12, FSLG), or continuous wave modulation (DUMBO, eDUMBO). Dipolar interactions
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance
Solid-state_nuclear_magnetic_resonance
List of definitions of terms and concepts used in electrical engineering and electronics
multiple AC currents interact. pulse transformer A transformer designed to create or transmit pulses. pulse-width modulation Transmission of information
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Video game console add-on
256 kilobytes of random-access memory (RAM), along with 256 kilobytes of video RAM. Sound is supplied through a pulse-width modulation sound source. Input/output
32X
Electronic component
scaling in finite random binary percolation networks". Ulaby 1999, p. 170. Pai, S. T.; Zhang, Qi (1995). Introduction to High Power Pulse Technology. Advanced
Capacitor
Optical systems with two stable output states for the same input
nanophotonic structures. It is used or investigated for optical switching, memory, pulse regeneration, logic, signal routing, nonlinear activation and studies of
Optical_bistability
Type of radio transmitter
spark-gap transmitters is that they generate a series of brief transient pulses of radio waves called damped waves; they are unable to produce the continuous
Spark-gap_transmitter
Vacuum tube used to display images
CRT" US 7138755B2, "Color picture tube apparatus having beam velocity modulation coils overlapping with convergence and purity unit and ring shaped ferrite
Cathode_ray_tube
Optical Cavity
gradual modulation into a periodic dielectric structure. Common slab-cavity geometries include L3 cavities, H0 cavities, H1 cavities and width-modulated
Nanophotonic_resonator
Quantity in solid-state physics
voltage. This approximation ignores the Early effect (channel length modulation), among other things. In practice, this technique may underestimate the
Electron_mobility
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
1021/nl0497272. Bolmatov, Dima; Mou, Chung-Yu (2011). "Graphene-based modulation-doped superlattice structures". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical
Graphene
Mixed-signal microcontroller family
featuring the usual peripherals: Internal oscillator, Timer including pulse-width modulation (PWM), Watchdog timer, USART, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
TI_MSP430
Thomas Stockham of Soundstream, created the first practical use of pulse-code modulation, also called PCM digital recording, for high fidelity purposes.
History of multitrack recording
History_of_multitrack_recording
Compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
that phase modulation and amplitude modulation can be achieved simultaneously, which are attributed to the giant refractive index modulation and the variable
Graphite_oxide
Device for regulating the performance of a motor
"sensorless" control methods. A servo may be controlled using pulse-width modulation (PWM). How long the pulse remains high (typically between 1 and 2 milliseconds)
Motor_controller
Device for transmitting messages in written form by electrical signals
developed, which could send and receive not only packet, but various other modulation types including Baudot. This made it possible for a home or laptop computer
Teleprinter
software can extract many useful time-domain features (e.g., rise time, pulse width, amplitude), frequency spectra, histograms and statistics, persistence
Oscilloscope_types
Award presented by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
contributions and leadership in the development of the first high-capacity pulse-code modulation time-division telephone switching system" 1978 Robert Noyce "For
IEEE_Medal_of_Honor
Research and scientific development company
contributions and leadership in the development of the first high-capacity pulse-code-modulation time-division telephone switching system. 1980 William Shockley
Bell_Labs
Neurosurgical treatment
stimulation (DBS) is a type of neurostimulation therapy in which an implantable pulse generator is surgically implanted below the skin of the chest and connected
Deep_brain_stimulation
Topics referred to by the same term
form, using the information of a linear predictive model Linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM), a method used to digitally represent analog signals, in
Linear_(disambiguation)
Device that emites acoustic radiation
end to the other of, for instance, fiber optics), as a method of signal modulation and/or transmission. Such devices could be high precision measurement
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
Simple polynomial map exhibiting chaotic behavior
(help) Okulov, A Yu; Oraevskiĭ, A N (1984). "Regular and stochastic self-modulation in a ring laser with nonlinear element". Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics
Logistic_map
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