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Measure of similarity between two data clusterings
The Rand index or Rand measure (named after William M. Rand) in statistics, and in particular in data clustering, is a similarity measure between two
Rand_index
Statistical dispersion in nominal distributions
the Rand Index, the Adjusted Rand Index, is AdjustedIndex = Index − ExpectedIndex MaxIndex − ExpectedIndex , {\displaystyle {\text{AdjustedIndex}}={\frac
Qualitative_variation
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
then every possible partition will have a purity of at least 99.9%. The Rand index computes how similar the clusters (returned by the clustering algorithm)
Cluster_analysis
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up rand in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Rand may refer to: South African rand, the nation's unit of currency Krugerrand, South African gold coin
Rand
Used to compare clustering when variation of mutual information is employed
adjusted rand index corrects the Rand index. It is closely related to variation of information: when a similar adjustment is made to the VI index, it becomes
Adjusted_mutual_information
Vector quantization algorithm minimizing the sum of squared deviations
more accurate measure, the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI), introduced by Hubert and Arabie in 1985, corrects the Rand Index by adjusting for the expected similarity
K-means_clustering
American manufacturing company (1927–1955)
the Remington Rand Corp. continued to manufacture and sell typewriters. Remington Rand sold the Kardex line of card-filing and visible index products, continuing
Remington_Rand
Length of a line segment
Calinski–Harabasz index Davies–Bouldin index Dunn index Hopkins statistic Jaccard index Rand index Similarity measure SMC DBCV index Ranking MRR NDCG AP
Euclidean_distance
Irish-domiciled holding company
company became a constituent of the S&P 500 Index, replacing Pactiv Corporation. On 2 December 2013, Ingersoll Rand completed the spinoff of its security hardware
Trane_Technologies
Statistic for rank correlation
concordance and discordance also appear in other areas of statistics, like the Rand index in cluster analysis. Let ( x 1 , y 1 ) , . . . , ( x n , y n ) {\displaystyle
Kendall rank correlation coefficient
Kendall_rank_correlation_coefficient
American burlesque performer and actress (1904–1979)
Sally Rand (born Helen Gould Beck; April 3, 1904 – August 31, 1979) was an American burlesque dancer, stripper, vedette, and actress, famous for her ostrich-feather
Sally_Rand
Storage company in Switzerland
Ledger was founded by James H. Rand, Sr. in 1898. Rand had been a banker for many years and had come to see that existing index card systems used by clerks
Kardex_Group
Measures of observational error
context clear by the semantics, it is often referred to as the "Rand accuracy" or "Rand index". It is a parameter of the test. The formula for quantifying
Accuracy_and_precision
Book by Chris Matthew Sciabarra
Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical is a 1995 book by Chris Matthew Sciabarra tracing the intellectual roots of 20th-century Russian-American novelist and philosopher
Ayn_Rand:_The_Russian_Radical
Two or more expressions in a text with the same referent
to evaluate coreference resolution algorithms include the Rand index, the adjusted Rand index, and different mutual information-based methods. A particular
Coreference
Measure of dependence between two variables
distributions are identical. The AMI is defined in analogy to the adjusted Rand index of two different partitions of a set. Using the ideas of Kolmogorov complexity
Mutual_information
American industrialist (1886–1968)
James Rand Sr. invented the first commercial system of dividers, file tabs and index cards and founded the Rand Ledger Company to manufacture the index system
James_Rand_Jr.
model Additive smoothing Additive white Gaussian noise Adjusted Rand index – see Rand index (subsection) ADMB – software Admissible decision rule Age adjustment
List_of_statistics_articles
Evaluation method in cluster analysis
value of this index approaches zero as the number of total data points chosen for clustering increase; whereas the value for the Rand index for the same
Fowlkes–Mallows_index
Statistical measure of association
coefficient The Lambda coefficient The Rand index Davies–Bouldin index Dunn index Jaccard index Fowlkes–Mallows index Other related articles: Contingency
Cramér's_V
variables using density estimation.[citation needed] Mutual information Rand index F-score Binary classification Claude E. Shannon; Warren Weaver (1963)
Uncertainty_coefficient
English botanist and apothecary
International Plant Names Index. Rand. Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Rand, Isaac". Dictionary of
Isaac_Rand
South African financial service provider
FirstRand Limited, also referred to as FirstRand Group, is the holding company of FirstRand Bank, and is a financial services provider in South Africa
FirstRand
Topics referred to by the same term
Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland Acute respiratory infection Adjusted Rand index, a clustering metric A common abbreviation for the U.S. state of Arizona
ARI
Family name
Rand is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Archie Rand (born 1949), American painter and muralist Austin L. Rand (1905–1982), Canadian
Rand_(surname)
Standard sized card for recording data
Rand, Sr.'s Rand Ledger Company (founded 1898) with its Visible Ledger system, and his son James Rand, Jr.'s American Kardex dominated sales of index
Index_card
American publishing company
Rand McNally is an American technology and publishing company that produces atlases, maps, educational materials, truck routing software (MileMaker) and
Rand_McNally
American equipment and electronics company (1910–1986)
Rand and renamed itself Sperry Rand. Acquiring the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation and Engineering Research Associates along with Remington Rand,
Sperry_Corporation
Academic journal
The RAND Journal of Economics (usually called RAND Journal or simply Rand) is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of economics published by Wiley-Blackwell
The_RAND_Journal_of_Economics
Dutch stock market index
The AEX index, derived from Amsterdam Exchange index, is a stock market index composed of Dutch companies that trade on Euronext Amsterdam, formerly known
AEX_index
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Rada Mihalcea Rademacher complexity Radial basis function kernel Rand index Random indexing Random projection Random subspace method Ranking SVM RapidMiner
Outline_of_machine_learning
British sculptor (1956–2013)
somerset.gov.uk/somerset/ete/rpt/artscrafts/index.cfm [dead link] Lacey, Steven The Space Between, Keith Rand Ray Street; London "Public Art at Canary Wharf"
Keith_Rand
List of companies in the S&P 500
The S&P 500 is a stock market index maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices. It comprises 503 common stocks which are issued by 500 companies with large market
List_of_S&P_500_companies
Similarity measure
other data types than just vectors of binary attributes, such as probability measures. Rand index "Data Mining Portfolio". "Simple Matching Coefficient".
Simple_matching_coefficient
American developmental psychologist
"The Great Recession made some moms scream at their kids more". TODAY.com. Retrieved 2018-02-27. Rand Conger publications indexed by Google Scholar v t e
Rand_Conger
Water that has a high mineral content
Mighty Mohotsi (June 2022). "Rand Water Supply to Johannesburg municipality, 12 Month Water Quality Report" (PDF). Rand Water. Archived (PDF) from the
Hard_water
American series of street atlases
mapmakers there. It was purchased by and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Rand McNally in 1999. The company made radical changes in operation beginning
Thomas_Guide
Collection of grey literature
New York: Oceana Publications, Inc. Progressive Indexing and Filing (5th ed.). New York: Remington Rand, Inc. 1950. p. 39. Retrieved 24 November 2025.
Vertical_file
Princess of Power; He-Man and the Masters of the Universe Daughter of King Randor and Queen Marlena; princess of Eternia and the twin sister of Prince Adam
List_of_fictional_princesses
American filmmaker and writer (born 1957)
action and animated, as well as plays and books. His feature documentary Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary
Michael_Paxton
British retail bank
It was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index until it was acquired by South African banking conglomerate FirstRand in March 2018. Aldermore was established
Aldermore
Lyttelton – An Epistle to Mr. Pope Pierre des Maizeaux – Vie de Bayle Isaac Rand – Index plantarum officinalium, quas ad materiae medicae scientiam promovendam
1730_in_literature
Surname list
Rands is an English surname. Notable people with this surname include: Bernard Rands (1934–2026), British and American classical composer E. M. Rands
Rands_(surname)
inhabitants. The percent of households with guns by US state is from the RAND Corporation, and is for 2016. The statistics are from 2021 CDC data. Missing
Gun death and violence in the United States by state
Gun_death_and_violence_in_the_United_States_by_state
Possession of and Operate Part of the Plant and Facilities of Remington Rand, Inc., in the Town of Southport, County of Chemung, State of New York 1943-11-25
List of executive actions by Franklin D. Roosevelt
List_of_executive_actions_by_Franklin_D._Roosevelt
politician and businessman David A Ramey (1939–2017), American artist David G. Rand, American professor David Randall (1951–2021), British journalist David A
List of people with given name David
List_of_people_with_given_name_David
Publications based on Objectivism
perspective explicitly based on Ayn Rand's philosophy of Objectivism. Several early Objectivist periodicals were edited by Rand. She later endorsed two periodicals
Objectivist_periodicals
American mathematician
the Rand Corporation who worked on trigonometric series and systems analysis. California, Death Index, 1940-1997 "Edward S. Quade, 79; Was Rand Researcher"
Edward_Schaumberg_Quade
Name list
stockholder, and philanthropist Horace Ramey (1885–1974), American athlete Horace Randal (1833–1864), American soldier Horace Rawlins (1874–1935), English professional
Horace_(given_name)
Academic journal
Operational Research Society. 75 (1): 1–2. doi:10.1080/01605682.2024.2305997. Rand, Graham K. (2024-01-02). "From Operational Research Quarterly to Journal
Journal of the Operational Research Society
Journal_of_the_Operational_Research_Society
Index consisting of the 40 major companies trading on the JSE
FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index is a South African stock market index. The index consists of the 40 largest stocks in the FTSE/JSE All-Share Index of the JSE Limited
FTSE/JSE_Top_40_Index
Country in West Asia
"Formal Structures of the Islamic Republic". Mullahs, Guards, and Bonyads. RAND Corporation. pp. 21–36. ISBN 978-0-8330-4773-1. JSTOR 10.7249/mg878osd.10
Iran
(born 1950), most noted as holder of the 1974 Miss America title Rebecca Rand Kirshner (born 1974), writer and producer for American television Rebecca
List of people with given name Rebecca
List_of_people_with_given_name_Rebecca
Name list
Rand is a given name. Notable people with the name include: Rand Araskog (1931–2021), American businessman Rand Beers (born 1942), American politician
Rand_(given_name)
American thoroughbred racehorse owner (1899 – 1994)
Adele Louise Levis Olin Rand (August 23, 1889 – July 8, 1994) was a philanthropist and thoroughbred horse owner. From her start in the racing industry
Adele_L._Rand
1972 book on economic and population growth
The report's authors are Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jørgen Randers, and William W. Behrens III, representing a team of 17 researchers. The
The_Limits_to_Growth
Method of rating scientific claims
mathematicians. An earlier crackpot index is Fred J. Gruenberger's "A Measure for Crackpots" published in December 1962 by the RAND Corporation. List of topics
Crackpot_index
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 337–345. ISBN 978-0-80323-733-9. Rand, Dafna H.; Miller, Andrew P., eds. (2020). "2: The Syrian Crucible and Future
Ba'athist_Syria
2025 legislation in the United States
billion for the military and would not extend the 2017 Trump tax cuts. Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky was the only Republican to oppose the resolution. The Senate
One_Big_Beautiful_Bill_Act
American businessman (born 1942)
He is a former director of Heinz, Mondelēz International, and Ingersoll Rand and a former CEO of Triangle Industries. Peltz was born to a Jewish family
Nelson_Peltz
Name list
of the English given name; these include Randal, Randel, Randell, Randle, Randoll, and Rendell. The form Randal has also been used as an Anglicisation of
Randall_(given_name)
U.S. federal case on computer patents
Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp., et al., 180 U.S.P.Q. 673 (D. Minn. 1973) (Case 4-67 Civil 138, 180 USPO 670), was a landmark U.S. federal court case
Honeywell, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp.
Honeywell,_Inc._v._Sperry_Rand_Corp.
Canadian-American philosopher (born 1933)
American philosopher. He is an Objectivist and was a close associate of Ayn Rand, who designated him heir to her estate. Peikoff is a former professor of
Leonard_Peikoff
Country with a developed economy and infrastructure
from Progress in Technology, with Lesser Benefits to Other Nations". rand.org. RAND Corporation. 1 June 2006. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021
Developed_country
Pseudorandom number generator
documentation". "random". free pascal documentation. Retrieved 2013-11-28. "mt_rand — Generate a better random value". PHP Manual. Retrieved 2016-03-02. "NumPy
Mersenne_Twister
Surname list
record producer and songwriter Randa Williams (born 1962), American heiress Randal Williams (born 1978), American football player Randy Williams (born 1953)
List of people with surname Williams
List_of_people_with_surname_Williams
Country in North America
Nationhood. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7735-1422-5. Dyck, Rand (2011). Canadian Politics. Cengage Learning. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-1765-0343-7
Canada
Ramerman, American activist Mary Ramsden (born 1984), British painter Mary Rand (born 1940), English former track and field athlete Mary Randlett (1924–2019)
List of people with given name Mary
List_of_people_with_given_name_Mary
1927 child murder in Los Angeles
NewspaperArchive.com. March 18, 1939. Retrieved April 23, 2025. Rand 1997, p. 38. Rand 1997, p. 27. Rand 1997, p. 21. Sciabarra 1998, pp. 132–159. Burns 2009, pp
Murder_of_Marion_Parker
American businessman (born 1962)
bidding. Some sources say these policies were based upon the ideas of Ayn Rand. It is generally agreed that they failed to slow Sears' decline. In July
Eddie_Lampert
strange attractors in dynamical systems, such as weather systems; David Rand of the University of Warwick, and period-doubling bifurcation, discovered
List_of_Equinox_episodes
Not-for-profit advocacy organisation
the original on 20 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024. "Disinformation Index". RAND. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2026
Global_Disinformation_Index
Surname list
Look up Durand in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Durand, du Rand or du Randt is a surname of French origin. It ultimately derives from the Latin omen
Durand_(surname)
American businessman and political operative (born 1986)
Bachmann, and Randy Forbes. In May 2013, Gor began working for Kentucky senator Rand Paul's political action committee, RANDPAC, eventually serving as Paul's
Sergio_Gor
Surname list
(1898–1960), American politician Ramy Brooks (born 1968), American dog racer Rand Brooks (1918–2003), American actor Randi Brooks (born 1954), American Actress
Brooks_(surname)
American philosopher
philosopher. He was a scholar of the philosophies of both Aristotle and Ayn Rand. Allan Stanley Gotthelf was born in Brooklyn, New York on December 30, 1942
Allan_Gotthelf
online". SFGATE. Retrieved November 8, 2025. "ESPN Films: 30 for 30 Shorts Index". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 22, 2013. Cingari, Jennifer (February 9, 2016)
List_of_30_for_30_films
American poet (1891–1918)
Kenneth Rand (1891–1918) was an American poet. An English literature graduate of Yale University, he served as chairman of the board of the Yale Literary
Kenneth_Rand
American philosophy professor
Sebastian Gerard Rand is a professor of philosophy at Georgia State University. Rand holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Northwestern University, earned
Sebastian_Rand
U.S. information technology company
December 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-06. "Annual Changes to the Nasdaq-100 Index". Retrieved 2026-01-13. "Monolithic Power Systems Appoints New Board Member"
Monolithic_Power_Systems
Character name in US comics
used the Atlas alias during his time as a member of the Thunderbolts. Steve Rand is an actor who is the star of a popular sword-and-sandals film. He was considered
Atlas_(Marvel_Comics)
Index of articles associated with the same name
and Iron Fist, a comic book series about Luke Cage's adventures with Danny Rand (Iron Fist) Veeram (2014 film), also released as Veeram: The Power Man, a
Power_Man
American financial service provider
to index funds, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which pay a fee of around 0.02 to 0.04 percent of the invested volume for the use of the index. As
MSCI
Topics referred to by the same term
Pardee RAND Graduate School, an American higher education institution Progress Software Corporation, an American software company with Nasdaq index PRGS
PRGS
Country in Southeastern Africa
trade in the United States dollar and various other currencies such as the rand (South Africa), the pula (Botswana), the euro, and the pound sterling (UK)
Zimbabwe
American immunologist (born 1940)
Senate's Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, Kentucky's Senator Rand Paul asked him if he had "second thoughts" about his mitigation recommendations
Anthony_Fauci
French footballer (born 1998)
France to advance to the knockout stages. In the semi-finals, he set-up Randal Kolo Muani's opening goal in an eventual 2–1 defeat to Spain. Following
Kylian_Mbappé
Severity-Adjusted DRG Systems: Addendum to the Interim Report (PDF) (Report). RAND Corporation. Retrieved June 13, 2019. Averill RF, The evolution of case-mix
Severity_of_illness
(2020–2025, 2005–2015) Colmon Elridge, Chair of the Kentucky Democratic Party Randal Gaines, Chair of the Louisiana Democratic Party (2024–present) David Glidden
List of Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign sub-national officials endorsements
List_of_Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign_sub-national_officials_endorsements
Businessman (born 1971)
estimated net worth of US$890 billion according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index and $823 billion according to Forbes, as of August 8, 2026, primarily from
Elon_Musk
Snakes in the Eagle's Nest: A history of ground attacks on air bases (PDF). RAND Corporation. pp. 83–4. ISBN 9780833016294. Archived (PDF) from the original
1972_in_the_Vietnam_War
American actor
Ronald Rand is an American stage and film actor, educator, director, playwright, librettist, producer, and newspaper publisher. A U.S. Cultural Goodwill
Ronald_Rand
Name list
In German, the name derives from berht ("bright") and hramn ("raven") or rand ("rim of shield").[citation needed] Bertrand Baguette (born 1986), Belgian
Bertrand_(name)
First printed editions of a manuscript
in Marcianum. Cambridge, MA: The Mediaeval Academy of America. p. xiii. Rand, E. K. (1941). "Reviewed Work: Iohannis Scotti annotationes in Marcianum
List of editiones principes in Latin
List_of_editiones_principes_in_Latin
American financial speculator (born 1962)
pattern recognition backed by statistical analysis. He subscribes to Ayn Rand's Objectivism. Trout began his career trading for statistical arbitrage pioneer
Monroe_Trout
Series of fires in New York City, USA
cause, according to the RAND viewpoint, the city should not invest any further funds into improving fire protection. The RAND report allegedly influenced
1970s South Bronx building fires
1970s_South_Bronx_building_fires
American Buddhist priest
Yvonne Rand (September 23, 1935 – August 19, 2020), a member of the first generation of American Zen teachers, was a lay householder priest in the Soto
Yvonne_Rand
Bedwellty B4512 A4058 at Ystrad A4233 near Tylorstown B4513 (defunct) A4100 Randal Hill Road, Old Hill A459 Halesowen Road, Old Hill Declassified when the
B roads in Zone 4 of the Great Britain numbering scheme
B_roads_in_Zone_4_of_the_Great_Britain_numbering_scheme
British bank and financial services group
The fine was 40 million Swiss Francs. In 2018, HSBC was fined 15 million rand by South Africa's central bank for weaknesses in its processes meant to detect
HSBC
Anglo-Scottish traditional song
Rendal (Roud Folksong Index S182618)". The Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved 20 November 2020. "Lord Randal (VWML Song Index SN17894)". The Vaughan
Lord_Randall
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