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Distance estimation problems in computational geometry
Proximity problems is a class of problems in computational geometry which involve estimation of distances between geometric objects. A subset of these
Proximity_problems
Automatic fuze that detonates an explosive at a predetermined distance
A proximity fuze (also VT fuze or "variable time fuze") is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain
Proximity_fuze
cover problem (NP-hard) Minimal rectangular decomposition Tessellation problems Shape dissection problems Straight skeleton Stabbing line problem Triangulation
List of combinatorial computational geometry topics
List_of_combinatorial_computational_geometry_topics
2020 American film by Eric Demeusy
Proximity is a 2020 American science fiction drama film written and directed by Eric Demeusy in his directorial debut. The film stars Ryan Masson, Highdee
Proximity_(2020_film)
NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization
with the number of cities. The problem was first formulated in 1930 and is one of the most intensively studied problems in optimization. It is used as
Travelling_salesman_problem
Function in mathematical optimization
ISBN 978-3-319-48310-8. Proximal gradient method The Proximity Operator repository: a collection of proximity operators implemented in Matlab and Python. ProximalOperators
Proximal_operator
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
computational geometry, and many other disciplines, to solve many proximity problems in the plane or in three-dimensional space, such as finding closest
Hash_function
2004 single by Jay-Z
April 27, 2004. The chorus of "I got 99 problems, but a bitch ain't one" is taken from the Ice-T song "99 Problems", from the album Home Invasion (1993)
99_Problems
Geospatial methods for analyzing distance
Proximity analysis is a class of spatial analysis tools and algorithms that employ geographic distance as a central principle. Distance is fundamental
Proximity_analysis
Type of weighted geometric graph
Spanners may be used in computational geometry for solving some proximity problems. They have also found applications in other areas, such as in motion
Geometric_spanner
Optimization problem in computer science
Nearest neighbor search (NNS), as a form of proximity search, is the optimization problem of finding the point in a given set that is closest (or most
Nearest_neighbor_search
Alert system meant to prevent pilots from flying or taxiing into obstacles
A Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an
Ground proximity warning system
Ground_proximity_warning_system
Theory of perception
ways humans perceive objects based on similarity, proximity, and continuity. The law of proximity states that when an individual perceives an assortment
Gestalt_psychology
algorithms. LP-type problems include many important optimization problems that are not themselves linear programs, such as the problem of finding the smallest
LP-type_problem
Global conflict (1939–1945)
radar and surface-to-air artillery, in particular the introduction of the proximity fuze. The use of the jet aircraft was pioneered and led to jets becoming
World_War_II
Shortest network connecting points
S2CID 234599877 Basch, Julien; Guibas, Leonidas J.; Zhang, Li (1997), "Proximity problems on moving points", in Boissonnat, Jean-Daniel (ed.), Proceedings of
Euclidean minimum spanning tree
Euclidean_minimum_spanning_tree
American actor and filmmaker (born 1972)
studying Spanish at the University of Vermont, chosen because of its proximity to his then-girlfriend, but he left after fracturing his hip while playing
Ben_Affleck
Void between celestial bodies
negligible and the atmosphere joins with interplanetary space. The region in proximity to the Earth is home to a multitude of Earth–orbiting satellites and has
Outer_space
Unanswered question in the study of consciousness
appear to have an equivalent in the known quantitative features, like proximity or cohesion, of composite matter. William James, in the nineteenth century
Binding_problem
Harmful repetitive gambling
individual's life: relationship-related issues problems with money, bankruptcy legal problems, imprisonment health problems suicide, including suicidal thoughts
Problem_gambling
Country in South Asia
in which a set of rules or problems were stated with economy in verse, and a prose commentary that explained the problem in more detail and provided
India
Series of US naval exercises in the interwar period
around 2016. The first twenty-one Fleet Problems — labeled by Navy leadership as Fleet Problem I through Fleet Problem XXI — were conducted between 1923 and
Fleet_problem
Batumi is targeted towards Turkish tourists, due to Batumi's relative proximity to Turkey, and that gambling in Turkey is mostly illegal. Some of the
Gambling_in_Georgia
American computer scientist
Preparata for her thesis "Parallel Algorithms for Convex Hulls and Proximity Problems". She joined the Department of Computer Science at Texas A&M University
Nancy_M._Amato
Logically self-contradictory statement
also present when attempting to provide advice and solve problems for people in close proximity to the individual, such as close friends and family members
Solomon's_paradox
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
evident in its ability to adapt, learn through observation, and solve problems. The domestic cat is the only domesticated species of the family Felidae
Cat
Country in Southern and Western Europe
group ETA, evidence of Islamist involvement soon emerged. Because of the proximity of the 2004 Spanish general election, the issue of responsibility quickly
Spain
Edges that hit all cycles in a graph
accurately, and for planar graphs both problems can be solved exactly in polynomial time. A closely related problem, the feedback vertex set, is a set of
Feedback_arc_set
Photomask enhancement technique
is an optical proximity correction approach to optimize photomask design. It is basically an approach to solve an inverse imaging problem: to calculate
Inverse_lithography
Spanish autonomous city in northwestern Africa
climate on the border with a hot Semi-arid climate, influenced by its proximity to the sea, rendering much cooler summers and more precipitation than
Melilla
Type of lens
need for a long back focal distance. The retrofocus lens solves this proximity problem through an asymmetrical design that allows the rear element to be
Wide-angle_lens
Form of projection
non-differentiable convex optimization problems. Many interesting problems can be formulated as convex optimization problems of the form min x ∈ R d ∑ i = 1
Proximal_gradient_method
Dispute between Greek and Turkish Cypriots
he announced that he would be willing to accept the CBMs in principle. Proximity talks started soon afterwards. In March 1994, the UN presented the two
Cyprus_problem
Right of public access to land or bodies of water
simple hand line. The following is prohibited: accessing the immediate proximity of a person's yard, plantations, apiaries, sown crops, grain field and
Freedom_to_roam
Explosive weapon, concealed under or on the ground
the ground or other surface area and to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle". Similar in function is the booby-trap
Land_mine
Severe events involving radioactive materials
deemed at risk of exposure to radiation due to the Chernobyl reactor's proximity to floodplains. A study was conducted in 1996 to see how far the radioactive
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
Whitesides, S.; Zarei, A. (2015). "A simple, faster method for kinetic proximity problems". Computational Geometry. 48 (4): 342–359. arXiv:1311.2032. doi:10
Semi-Yao_graph
Mediterranean island country
eurozone monetary union in 2008. Malta's history of foreign rule and its proximity to both Europe and North Africa have influenced its art, music, cuisine
Malta
Canadian engineer and inventor (1932–2023)
Bateman, was a Canadian electrical engineer and the inventor of the Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS), a device that is responsible for a marked decline
C._Donald_Bateman
Kinetic data structure
1145/2462356.2462378. Basch, Julien; Guibas, Leonidas J.; Zhang, Li (1997). Proximity problems on moving points. Proceedings of the 13th ACM Symposium on Computational
Kinetic_closest_pair
Inability to comprehend or formulate language
speech production. Apraxia and aphasia are often correlated due to the proximity of neural substrates associated with each of the disorders. Researchers
Aphasia
Dog sport
with dog aggression are able to have fun without other dogs in close proximity. There can also be an increase in time spent with the dog, while participating
Nosework
Condition characterized by absence of pigment
visible through the iris. Lack of pigment in the eyes also results in problems with vision, both related and unrelated to photosensitivity. Those with
Albinism_in_humans
Association football club in England
2019 by the Emirates Stadium as €109.2m (£96.2m). Partly due to their proximity to the Alexandra Palace transmitter, Arsenal have appeared in a number
Arsenal_F.C.
Country in South Asia
supply lines and communication fiber optic corridors, Pakistan also enjoys proximity to the natural resources of Central Asian countries. Pakistan actively
Pakistan
Locality in Nayarit, Mexico
due to its gentle waves and proximity to the cities of Tepic and Guadalajara. However, its popularity has led to problems such as the lack of hotel accommodations
Rincón_de_Guayabitos
Algorithmic approaches to improving resolution in photolithography
limited to a few square micrometres of resist. Commercial full-chip optical proximity correction (OPC), using model forms, was first implemented by TMA (now
Computational_lithography
Neighborhood of Tijuana in Baja California, Mexico
and theft, not common elsewhere in Mexico, are rampant here. Due to its proximity to San Diego, California, it is frequented by Americans, as well as locals
Zona_Norte,_Tijuana
Association football club in Wrexham, Wales
rivalry with Shrewsbury Town and Tranmere Rovers due to geographical proximity. The games are often moved to early kick-offs, in accordance with police
Wrexham_A.F.C.
Most populous city in California, US
microclimates, causing extreme variations in temperature in close physical proximity to each other. For example, the average July maximum temperature at the
Los_Angeles
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
(1971). "Molecular studies of evolution: a source of novel statistical problems". Statistical Decision Theory and Related Topics. pp. 1–27. doi:10
Phylogenetics
West Germanic language
[win]. Indian English historically tends towards RP as an ideal, with the proximity of speakers to RP generally reflecting class distinctions. Indian English
English_language
vineyards in the country, as well as various archaeological sites. Due to its proximity to the capital, the coast of the Valparaíso Region has the largest number
Tourism_in_Chile
American football player and coach (born 1980)
freshman needed time to develop. Reamon sold Michael on the school's proximity to family and friends, and Vick chose to attend Virginia Tech. As he left
Michael_Vick
2001 terror attacks in the U.S.
York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line was also in close proximity to the World Trade Center complex, and the entire station, along with
September_11_attacks
Vos, George A. De; Tsuda, TakeyUnited Kingdomi (2006). Ethnic Identity: Problems and Prospects for the Twenty-first Century. Rowman Altamira. p. 297.
List_of_ethnic_slurs
concurrent thinking aloud verbalize the problems in a more accurate and pertinent way (i.e. more focused on the problems directly perceived during the interaction)
Partial concurrent thinking aloud
Partial_concurrent_thinking_aloud
Member of the British royal family (1961–1997)
treated by the media, mentioning that their constant presence in her proximity had made life impossible for her, whereas at other times she would seek
Diana,_Princess_of_Wales
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
always knew what were the important problems, as shown by his choice of subjects. He truly lived with those problems, struggling for a solution, and he
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
Credential used to gain entry to an area
access control system. The most common technologies are magnetic stripe, proximity, barcode, smart cards and various biometric devices. The magnetic stripe
Access_badge
Public domain geocoding invented in 2008
queries. Second, this index structure can be used for a quick-and-dirty proximity search: the closest points are often among the closest geohashes. A formal
Geohash
Planned Australian emergency warning system
AusAlert warning sound Problems playing this file? See media help. AusAlert is an upcoming Australian cell broadcast emergency population warning system
AusAlert
Computer optimization methods
studied extensively in previous years. For more general learning problems where the proximity operator cannot be computed explicitly for some regularization
Proximal gradient methods for learning
Proximal_gradient_methods_for_learning
for its historic problems and proximity to Fontainebleau town. The problems range from easy to extremely difficult. Famous problems include La Marie Rose
Bas-Cuvier
Number of digits needed to express a number in a particular base
{\displaystyle E(b,N)} of various bases up to several arbitrary numbers (avoiding proximity to powers of 2 through 12 and e) are given in the table below. Also shown
Optimal_radix_choice
List of Windows 10 operating system versions
"Dynamic Lock" allows a device to automatically lock if it is outside of the proximity of a designated Bluetooth device, such as a smartphone. A "Night Light"
Windows_10_version_history
Technology in electrical engineering
sensors use capacitive sensing, including sensors to detect and measure proximity, pressure, position and displacement, force, humidity, fluid level, and
Capacitive_sensing
Theory of early changes in Jupiter's orbit
Saturn. In fact, to drive outward migration and move the planets to the proximity of their current orbits, the solar nebula had to contain a sufficiently
Grand_tack_hypothesis
Unidentified 1971 airplane hijacker
conversation with Mucklow, Cooper correctly observed McChord Air Force Base's proximity to Sea-Tac, a detail with which most civilians would be unfamiliar. Cooper's
D._B._Cooper
2008 Chinese science fiction novel
with mutual assured destruction should he broadcast Trisolaris' (and by proximity, Earth's) location, Luo forces Trisolaris to divert its invasion fleet
The_Dark_Forest
Type of overhead power line conductor
conductivity, and frequency are factors in determining the amount of proximity effect. The proximity effect is result of a changing magnetic field which influences
Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable
Aluminium-conductor_steel-reinforced_cable
Football league season
participate, divided into two groups of twenty clubs each based on geographical proximity. In each group, the champions are automatically promoted to Segunda División
2026–27_Primera_Federación
2018 Marvel Studios film
animated series created in collaboration with Coogler's production company Proximity Media. In May 2024, Todd Harris was revealed to have created the series
Black_Panther_(film)
Industrial action in British coal mining
may only be used if the anticipated breach of the peace were "in close proximity both in time and place". On 16 July 1984, Thatcher convened a ministerial
1984–1985 United Kingdom miners' strike
1984–1985_United_Kingdom_miners'_strike
1876 battle of the Great Sioux War
convenient to [Chief Black Kettle's Cheyenne] village, knowing that the close proximity of their women and children, and their necessary exposure in case of conflict
Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
identity by descent (IBD) analysis". "The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested
Ashkenazi_Jews
Hip-hop group from Northern Ireland
cancelled. They canceled all 15 US concerts scheduled for October 2025 due to proximity to a court date related to Mo Chara's alleged terrorism charge. They instead
Kneecap_(band)
Series of orbital maneuvers
rotational maneuvers necessary for proximity operations and docking. The two most common methods of approach for proximity operations are in-line with the
Space_rendezvous
Central nervous system stimulant
depression, hypertension, liver or kidney problems, mania, psychosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, seizures, thyroid problems, tics, or Tourette syndrome should monitor
Amphetamine
Final leg of a journey in logistics
business district often contribute to congestion and safety problems. A related last mile problem is the transportation of goods to areas in need of humanitarian
Last_mile_(transportation)
Iranic ethnic group
some scholars to conclude that Kurdish developed from early on in close proximity to Persian, with Kurdish speakers later migrating into the Median territory
Kurds
Austrian professional football club
standing – and which was characterised by its narrow playing field and the proximity of the fans to the players. From 1997 to 2005, Gruabn was used just as
SK_Sturm_Graz
Metropolitan area in California, United States
rail system in the country. Since the region of the city is in close proximity to a major fault area the tunnels were built to resist earthquakes of
Greater_Los_Angeles
External territory of Australia
local internet service provider, CIIA (formerly dotCX). Because of its proximity to South East Asia, Christmas Island falls within many of the satellite
Christmas_Island
Indo-Aryan ethnic group
region to Pakistan considering their religious affinity and geographical proximity with East Pakistan. The North Arakan Muslim League was founded in Akyab
Rohingya_people
Largest moon of Saturn
or strong binoculars. Amateur observation is difficult because of the proximity of Titan to Saturn's brilliant globe and ring system; an occulting bar
Titan_(moon)
High density mixed use transit oriented planning
storm runoff, and they help to remove CO2 and other toxins from the air. Proximity is the final term that needs to be defined. It refers to how close a community's
Compact_city
Strait between the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman
primary hub for this cross-strait contraband economy. The geographic proximity of the two coastlines, separated by approximately 50 km (31 mi) at the
Strait_of_Hormuz
Transnational drug-trafficking organization
S.-Mexico border. As seen on image 1 Drug tunnel corridors, the close proximity of the former Ejido Tampico to the Tijuana airport and U.S.-Mexico border
Sinaloa_Cartel
Sumatran island of Nias, is not considered an aftershock, despite its proximity to the epicentre, and was most likely triggered by stress changes associated
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami
Largest and most populous Canary island
particular study due to its history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated areas. Tallest mountains on Tenerife: The Anaga massif (Macizo
Tenerife
Source of statistical bias
relationships between individuals and their neighborhoods. Factors such as proximity, spatial autocorrelation, and the influence of neighboring areas can be
Neighborhood effect averaging problem
Neighborhood_effect_averaging_problem
2002 air show disaster in Ukraine
scrutinized them for allowing dangerous stunts to be performed in close proximity to spectators. Toponar rejected Marchuk's findings and claimed that technical
Sknyliv_air_show_disaster
Area of Coventry in West Midlands, England
the matter, from the increased volume of traffic which would cause major problems due to the surrounding roads not being able to accommodate this number
Finham
Study of fundamental reality
Other principles consider explanatory power, theoretical usefulness, and proximity to established beliefs. Despite its status as one of the main branches
Metaphysics
1912 maritime disaster
first-class accommodation was located on the upper decks and so was nearest. Proximity to the lifeboats thus became a key factor in determining who entered them
Sinking_of_the_Titanic
Leader of China since 2012
the development of the county's "semi-urban" strategy, leveraging its proximity to Shijiazhuang for diverse business growth. In September 1984, during
Xi_Jinping
Association football club in France
playing under the Olympique Lillois emblem. Due to each club's close proximity towards each other being separated by only 30 kilometres (19 mi) and sociological
Lille_OSC
Largest species of deer
Although moose rarely gather in groups, there may be several in close proximity during the mating season. Rutting and mating occurs in September and October
Moose
American cartoon series and franchise
debut appearance, is a small, brown house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom. Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom
Tom_and_Jerry
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