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Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
The Tethys Ocean (/ˈtiːθɪs, ˈtɛ-/ TEETH-iss, TETH-; Greek: Τηθύς Tēthús), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during
Tethys_Ocean
Ocean on the margin of Gondwana between the Middle Cambrian and Late Triassic
The Paleo-Tethys or Palaeo-Tethys Ocean was an ocean located along the northern margin of the paleocontinent Gondwana that started to open during the Middle
Paleo-Tethys_Ocean
Ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous
The Proto-Tethys or Theic Ocean was an ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous (550–330 Ma). The name "Proto-Tethys" has
Proto-Tethys_Ocean
Supercontinent from the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic eras
and surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa and the Paleo-Tethys and subsequent Tethys Oceans. Pangaea is the most recent supercontinent to have existed
Pangaea
Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
(340 Mya). The Variscan orogeny closed the Rheic Ocean (between Avalonia and Armorica) and the Proto-Tethys Ocean (between Armorica and Gondwana) to form the
Laurasia
List of Earth's former oceans
and Siberia cratons Oimyakon Ocean, the northernmost part of the Mesozoic Panthalassa Ocean Paleo-Tethys Ocean, the ocean between Gondwana and the Hunic
List_of_ancient_oceans
Neoproterozoic to Cretaceous landmass
Cimmerian blocks then rifted from Gondwana to form the Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys oceans in the Late Carboniferous, and docked with Asia during the Triassic
Gondwana
The vast ocean of Panthalassa covered most of the northern hemisphere. Other minor oceans include Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys, Rheic Ocean, a seaway of
Geological_history_of_Earth
Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
also referred to as the Paleo-Pacific ("old Pacific") or Proto-Pacific because the Pacific Ocean is a direct continuation of it. The supercontinent Rodinia
Panthalassa
Small Precambrian ocean between Baltica and the Siberian continent
Panthalassa to the north, Proto-Tethys to the northeast, and Paleo-Tethys to the south and east. The ocean formed when the landmass of Proto-Laurasia (shortly
Khanty_Ocean
Microcontinent in the Paleozoic era
to Laurentia (the proto North American tectonic plate) in the Acadian orogeny and Eastern Avalonia was accreted to Baltica (the proto European plate) in
Avalonia
Pre-Olympian gods in Greek mythology
Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Tethys, and Cronus. Among eight of the twelve Titans there were four marriages between brothers and sisters: Oceanus and Tethys, Coeus and
Titans
Early Devonian formation with fossil Lagerstätte
environment. This was located on the edge of Avalonia bordering the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Apart from the largest arthropod, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, found
Klerf_Formation
Oceanic division
Indian Ocean is the youngest of the oceans (being directly preceded by the Tethys Ocean, which fragmented into the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean only
Indian_Ocean
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to plate tectonics
redirect targets Proto-Tethys Ocean – Ancient ocean that existed from the latest Ediacaran to the Carboniferous Rheic Ocean – Ancient ocean which separated
Outline_of_plate_tectonics
Personification of the sky in Greek mythology
Hesiod, with Uranus and Gaia as the parents of Oceanus and Tethys, and Oceanus and Tethys as the parents of Cronus and Rhea and the other Titans. In Roman
Uranus_(mythology)
– British Isles -Germany – southwest Sweden area. The Rheic Ocean or Proto-Tethys Ocean was eliminated during the Hercynian/Variscan orogeny, and the
Geology_of_the_North_Sea
Fragment of crustal material that forms present-day southern Tibet
to have been the result of an Andean-type orogeny caused when the Proto-Tethys Ocean was subducted after Gondwana was finally amalgamated. In the Middle
Lhasa_terrane
Body of water
Inter-American Seaway and Proto-Caribbean Seaway) was a prehistoric body of water that once connected the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, separating North
Central_American_Seaway
Goddess in Greek mythology
daughters of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. The name Doris is derived from the noun for a gift, δῶρον, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₃rom of the same meaning
Doris_(Oceanid)
Third epoch of the Paleogene Period
with the Asian plate, cut off the Tethys Seaway that had provided a low-latitude ocean circulation. The closure of Tethys built some new mountains (the Zagros
Oligocene
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
Norway and Greenland, connecting the Tethys to the Arctic Ocean and enabling biotic exchange between the two oceans. At the peak of the Cretaceous transgression
Cretaceous
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
Mississippian, there was a marine connection between the Paleo-Tethys and Panthalassa through the Rheic Ocean resulting in the near worldwide distribution of marine
Carboniferous
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
E. (October 1999). "Stratigraphy and sedimentary history of the Nepal Tethys Himalaya passive margin". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 17 (5–6): 805–827
Sedimentary_basin
Anoxic extinction event in the Cretaceous period
2014). "Heterogeneous oxygenation states in the Atlantic and Tethys oceans during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 404: 178–189
Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event
Cenomanian–Turonian_boundary_event
Second part of the Jurassic geological period, from 174 to 161 million years ago
2008.10.019. Retrieved 12 April 2023. "How the closure of paleo-Tethys and Tethys oceans controlled the early breakup of Pangaea". Benson RBJ, Campione
Middle_Jurassic
stages. The stages were controlled by the opening and closing of the Tethys Ocean separating Gondwana from Eurasia. Gondwana was in the south and Eurasia
Geological_history_of_Borneo
Global warming about 55 million years ago
during the PETM not to be universally humid. The proto-Mediterranean coastlines of the western Tethys became drier. Evidence from Forada in northeastern
Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum
Paleocene–Eocene_thermal_maximum
plate Piemont-Liguria plate – Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean Proto-Alps terrane Rhenohercynian plate – Fold belt
List_of_tectonic_plates
Records of Earth's development
synthesis at about 100 °C (212 °F) and at ocean-bottom pressures near hydrothermal vents. In this hypothesis, the proto-cells would be confined in the pores
History_of_Earth
Earth's most severe extinction event
"Permo–Triassic events in the eastern Tethys – an overview". In Sweet WC (ed.). Permo–Triassic Events in the Eastern Tethys: Stratigraphy, classification, and
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Extinct genus of birds
today's Germany and France, and sometimes was cut off from the Tethys and Atlantic Oceans, sometimes connected to them, and sometimes even to the Turgai
Scaniornis
Deity in Greek mythology
Theogony 507–511, Clymene, one of the Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys, at Hesiod, Theogony 351, was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius
Atlas_(mythology)
Oceanid of Greek mythology
Eurynome a daughters of Oceanus, whilst Hesiod and Apollodorus add that Tethys was her mother. According to Hesiod she was the third bride of Zeus and
Eurynome_(Oceanid)
Genus of palm-like monocot trees and shrubs
species. The name is derived from Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN (which became Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paŋdan and Proto-Oceanic *padran). It has many cognates
Pandanus
Oceanids, water-nymph daughters of the Titans, Oceanus and his sister-spouse Tethys. Thoe, one of the 50 Nereids, marine-nymph daughters of the 'Old Man of
Thoe
Greek goddess of the dawn
considered derivatives of the Proto-Indo-European stem *h₂ewsṓs (later *Ausṓs), "dawn". The root also gave rise to Proto-Germanic *Austrō, Old High German
Eos
Mass extinction event
Josh (14 August 2020). "The Oligo–Miocene closure of the Tethys Ocean and evolution of the proto-Mediterranean Sea". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 13817.
Middle_Miocene_disruption
Second period of the Mesozoic Era
the late Early Jurassic (mid-Toarcian) of the western Tethys, expanding across the whole Tethys by the Middle Jurassic and becoming globally distributed
Jurassic
Ruler of the Titans in Greek mythology
with the deities Phorcys and Rhea, were the eldest children of Oceanus and Tethys. Cronus was usually depicted with a harpe, scythe, or sickle, which was
Cronus
First epoch of the Neogene Period
Josh (14 August 2020). "The Oligo–Miocene closure of the Tethys Ocean and evolution of the proto-Mediterranean Sea". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 13817.
Miocene
Geological formation in Spain
Aalenian impacted the local platform, connecting the Proto-Atlantic Ocean with the Western Tethys Ocean. Latter in the Bajocian the area evolved into a shallow
El_Pedregal_Formation
Marginal sea of the northern Indian Ocean
The Tethys Ocean (/ˈtiːθɪs, ˈtɛ-/ TEETH-iss, TETH-; Greek: Τηθύς Tēthús), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during
Arabian_Sea
Void state preceding creation
the verbs kháskō (χάσκω) and khaínō (χαίνω) 'gape, be wide open', from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂n-, cognate to Old English geanian, 'to gape', whence
Chaos_(cosmogony)
Set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit
type of circumplanetary disk known as a proto-satellite disk (in the case of the Earth-Moon system, the proto-lunar disk). Models of gas during the formation
Satellite_system_(astronomy)
West wind god in Greek mythology
Mycenaean Greek as ze-pu2-ro (Linear B: 𐀽𐁆𐀫), which points to a possible Proto-Hellenic form *Dzépʰuros. Further attestation of the god and his worship
Zephyrus
First period of the Cenozoic Era
inversion and palaeostress fields in the North Atlantic-western Alpine-Tethys realm: Implications for intraplate tectonics". Earth-Science Reviews. 210
Paleogene
Major river in Western Europe
somewhat larger Tethys sea. At about 180 MBP, in the Jurassic Period, the two plates reversed direction and began to compress the Tethys floor, causing
Rhine
Consort of Helios and mother of Phaethon from Greek mythology
Oceanus and Tethys. Although she shares name and parentage with Clymene, the wife of Iapetus, who is also a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (and thus one
Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)
Ancient Greek goddess of the Moon
Eos is not mentioned with them) was nursed by her aunt, the water goddess Tethys. According to pseudo-Plutarch, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who only worshipped
Selene
Natural satellite orbiting Saturn
000 km (110,000 mi) from its cloud tops, between the orbits of Mimas and Tethys. It orbits Saturn every 32.9 hours, fast enough for its motion to be observed
Enceladus
Greek god and personification of the Sun
drive it. Claudian wrote that in his infancy, Helios was nursed by his aunt Tethys. Pausanias writes that the people of Titane held that Titan was a brother
Helios
Genus of ancient whales
and mollusks. Fossils have been found along the former shorelines of the Tethys Sea in present-day Egypt and Pakistan, as well as in the United States,
Dorudon
Early Jurassic geological formation of south-western Germany
intermittently connected with the Viking Corridor and the Proto-Atlantic Ocean in the north, and with the Tethys Ocean towards the south. This filled the area between
Posidonia_Shale
Personification of the Earth in Greek mythology
Theia and Rhea, Themis, and Mnemosyne and gold-crowned Phoebe and lovely Tethys. After them was born Cronos (Cronus) the wily, youngest, and most terrible
Gaia
System that relates geologic strata to time
Australia) cratons, to reflect the growth of stable continental nuclei or proto-cratonic kernels. Pongolan Period/System (3020–2780 Ma) – named after the
Geologic_time_scale
Island mentioned in Ancient Greek and Roman literature
in the far-off years when Ocean shall unloose the bonds of things, when the whole broad earth shall be revealed, when Tethys shall disclose new worlds
Thule
Eurasian sea northeast of the Mediterranean
Paleo- and Neo-Tethys oceans, but the timings of these events remain uncertain. Arc volcanism and extension occurred as the Neo-Tethys Ocean subducted under
Black_Sea
Antiquitates Romanae 1.50.3 Beekes, s.v. Ἐριχθόνιος, has suggested a Pre-Greek proto-form *Erektyeu- Graves, 25 "Athene's Nature and Deeds", p. 99. Hyginus,
Erichthonius (son of Dardanus)
Erichthonius_(son_of_Dardanus)
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
the Indian subcontinent towards Asia, which would eventually close the Tethys Ocean. The Indian and Eurasian Plates began colliding in the Paleocene, with
Paleocene
mythology, it is personified as Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaia and husband of Tethys. Zealandia (/ziːˈlændiə/), also known as the New Zealand continent or Tasmantis
List of continent name etymologies
List_of_continent_name_etymologies
Planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals
Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, and Triton) or even almost pure (at least 99%) ice (Tethys and Iapetus). Some of these bodies are known to have subsurface hydrospheres
Terrestrial_planet
Son of Helios in Greek mythology
chariot itself, and how Tethys, who is Phaethon's grandmother as well as the goddess who receives Helios in the western ocean as he sets, picks up the
Phaethon
Species of marine mammal
sirenians appearing in the Eocene, when they most likely lived in the Tethys Ocean. The two extant families of sirenians are thought to have diverged in
Dugong
while narrow seaways from the ocean fed water into these shallow marine depressions. As ridges formed in the Tethys Ocean on the other side of the Shillong
Geology_of_Bangladesh
Greek goddess of magic and transitions
Theogony 507–511, Clymene, one of the Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys, at Hesiod, Theogony 351, was the mother by Iapetus of Atlas, Menoetius
Hecate
Prophetic god of bodies of water in Greek mythology
adaptability. Proteus's name suggests the "first" (from Greek "πρῶτος" prōtos, "first"), as prōtogonos (πρωτόγονος) is the "primordial" or the "firstborn"
Proteus
Second period of the Paleozoic Era
The Panthalassic Ocean covered much of the Northern Hemisphere, and other minor oceans included Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys, Khanty Ocean, which was closed
Ordovician
Development of insects from an ancestral crustacean and their subsequent radiation
corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean ("Panthalassa", the "universal sea"), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between
Evolution_of_insects
52 Ma – First bats. c. 50 Ma – Africa collides with Eurasia, closing the Tethys Sea. Divergence of cat and dog ancestors. Primates diversify. Brontotheres
Timeline_of_Earth
Largest moon of Neptune
8×1021, Charon—1.6×1021, Ariel—1.2×1021, Umbriel—1.3×1021, Dione—1.1×1021, Tethys—0.6×1021, Enceladus—0.11×1021, Miranda—0.06×1021, Mimas—0.04×1021. The total
Triton_(moon)
Highest mountain in Turkey
eliminated the Tethys Ocean from the area of what is now Anatolia. The closure of these masses of continental crust collapsed this ocean basin by middle
Mount_Ararat
Ancient Greek river god
in Greece. According to Hesiod, he was the son of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys. He was also said to be the father of the Sirens, several nymphs, and other
Achelous
Goddess from Greek mythology, wife and sister of Zeus
mother to Tethys to be raised: "I go now to the ends of the generous earth on a visit to the Ocean, whence the gods have risen, and Tethys our mother
Hera
Continental cluster of Australia, Zealandia and Antarctica after Gondwana broke apart
South Polar forms and forms found elsewhere despite separation by the Tethys Ocean. However, dinosaur groups that achieved pan-Gondwanan distribution over
East_Gondwana
Three-prong spear
"teeth", of the weapon. The Greek equivalent is τρίαινα (tríaina), from Proto-Greek trianja, meaning "threefold". The Greek term does not imply three
Trident
Third period of the Paleozoic Era
ocean of Panthalassa covered most of the northern hemisphere. Other minor oceans include two phases of the Tethys, the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys,
Silurian
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
belt and Oort cloud objects And is also likely present on: Mercury's poles Tethys Water and other volatiles probably comprise much of the internal structures
Water
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
tidal heating that may have warmed Tethys's interior enough to form a subsurface ocean. Subsequent freezing of the ocean after the moons escaped from the
Orbital_resonance
Extinct genus of synapsids
east by the Tethys Ocean. A long string of microcontinents, grouped under the name of Cimmeria, divided the Tethys in two : the Paleo-Tethys in the north
Cotylorhynchus
English polymath (1792–1871)
today for the seven then-known satellites of Saturn: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, and Iapetus. In the same year, Herschel received his
John_Herschel
Ancient Greek god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
of all rivers and springs, who are the children of Oceanus and his wife Tethys. Farnell suggested that Poseidon was originally the god of the Minyans who
Poseidon
Capital and largest city of Portugal
Cassian Baths (underneath Rua da Prata); temples to Jupiter, Diana, Cybele, Tethys and Idea Phrygiae (an uncommon cult from Asia Minor), in addition to temples
Lisbon
Major mountain range in Central Europe
during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding
Alps
Eastern part of the Alps mountain range
the Limestone Alps and used to be part the submerged sea bed of the Tethys Ocean. The chain also includes the Klippenzone and Steinitzer Wald. Liechtenstein
Eastern_Alps
Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age
with Asia created the Mediterranean, cutting off the remnants of the Tethys Ocean. During the Pleistocene, the continents were essentially at their modern
Paleolithic
Greek goddess and mother of Apollo and Artemis
the son of Megamedes. One of the Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys, see Hesiod, Theogony 351. According to Plato, Critias, 113d–114a, Atlas
Leto
Pre-Hellenic religion, and that many of the Olympian deities may come from the Proto-Greeks who overran the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula in the late
Ancient_Greek_religion
Desert on the African continent
years ago. Another theory is that the monsoon was weakened when the ancient Tethys Sea dried up during the Tortonian period around 7 million years ago. The
Sahara
Large inland body of relatively still water
the Caspian, Black and Mediterranean seas are remnants of the ancient Tethys Ocean. Politically, the distinction between a sea and a lake may affect how
Lake
Origin and diversification of fish through geologic time
Manning, Phillip L.; et al. (5 February 2019). "Hagfish from the Cretaceous Tethys Sea and a reconciliation of the morphological–molecular conflict in early
Evolution_of_fish
Personification of the upper sky in Greek mythology
Quarreling, Forgetfullness, Sloth, Fear, Arrogance, Incest, Fighting, Ocean, Themis, Tartarus, and Pontus; and the Titans, Briareus, Gyges, Steropes
Aether_(mythology)
her and Tethys by causing them to collide and drift into Tartarus. Oceanus (portrayed by Andrew Kovacevich) - A Titan who personifies the oceans. He is
List of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess characters
List_of_Hercules:_The_Legendary_Journeys_and_Xena:_Warrior_Princess_characters
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto Seven satellites of Saturn: Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Titan, and Iapetus Five satellites of Uranus: Miranda, Ariel
Planet
India: insights into past seagrass-sirenian associations in the eastern Tethys". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e2669281. doi:10.1080/02724634.2026
2026_in_paleomammalogy
British geologist (1917–2003)
the Iapetus Ocean, when writing about the closure of this ocean area, to avoid confusion with the Proto-Atlantic Ocean. The ancient ocean Iapetus, existed
W._Brian_Harland
Mammal that dwells partly or entirely in bodies of water
primitive hoofed mammals ("condylarths") along the shores of the ancient Tethys Ocean. Tethytheria, combined with Hyracoidea (hyraxes), forms a clade called
Aquatic_mammal
Extinct genus of birds
separated from the site of Faiyum by more than 1,500 km of the shrinking Tethys Sea. The Maghreb was closer to Europe however, not more than today's Mediterranean
Eremopezus
Order of mammals
emerged about 40 mya, possibly also in Asia; if so, they dispersed across the Tethys Sea from Asia to Africa soon afterwards. There are two simian clades, both
Primate
Extinct genus of jawless fishes
Oncodella is most common in European outcrops corresponding to the western Tethys Ocean. It was first reported from the Someraukogel and Steinbergkogel sites
Oncodella
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