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PROJ (formerly PROJ.4) is a C/C++ library for performing conversions between cartographic projections. The library is based on the work of Gerald (Jerry)
PROJ
Projective analogue of the spectrum of a ring
In algebraic geometry, Proj is a construction analogous to the spectrum-of-a-ring construction of affine schemes, which produces objects with the typical
Proj_construction
Concept in linear algebra
to b. The projection of a onto b is often written as proj b a {\displaystyle \operatorname {proj} _{\mathbf {b} }\mathbf {a} } or a∥b. The vector component
Vector_projection
Revolvers
Stainless". alfaproj.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 2026-03-19. "ALFA proj Product Catalog" (PDF). ALFA proj Greece. 2023. Retrieved 2026-03-19. ".38 Special ALFA Steel"
Series_ALFA_(Revolvers)
Academic journal
The Journal of Personality Assessment is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on measurement issues in the fields of personality
Journal of Personality Assessment
Journal_of_Personality_Assessment
Cylindrical compromise map projection
equator. In GIS applications, this projection is known as: "ESRI:54003" and "+proj=mill". Compact Miller projection is similar to Miller but spacing between
Miller_cylindrical_projection
Orthonormalization of a set of vectors
proj u 1 ( v 2 ) , e 2 = u 2 ‖ u 2 ‖ u 3 = v 3 − proj u 1 ( v 3 ) − proj u 2 ( v 3 ) , e 3 = u 3 ‖ u 3 ‖ u 4 = v 4 − proj u 1 ( v 4 ) − proj u
Gram–Schmidt_process
The Cold War International History Project (CWIHP) is part of the History and Public Policy Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
Cold War International History Project
Cold_War_International_History_Project
Czech gun brand
Holek is brand of revolvers made by Czech company ALFA - PROJ. This firearm is light and reliable, due to a combination of both a light-alloy frame and
Series_HOLEK
Semi-automatic pistol
purposes by ALFA-proj, which is known for its revolver line. The ALFA Combat is one of two series of pistols manufactured by ALFA-proj, with the other
ALFA_Combat
Generalization of a vector bundle
affine cone of R. Similarly, the relative Proj P ( C ) = Proj X R {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} (C)=\operatorname {Proj} _{X}R} is called the projective cone
Cone_(algebraic_geometry)
Academic journal
The Journal of Structured Finance is a non-accredited quarterly journal on structuring and investing in all types of structured finance, such as asset-backed
The Journal of Structured Finance
The_Journal_of_Structured_Finance
Academic journal
(alt) · Bluebook (alt) NLM (alt) · MathSciNet (alt ) ISO 4 Impact Assess. Proj. Apprais. Indexing CODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM
Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal
Impact_Assessment_and_Project_Appraisal
Open-source project management software
Chretienneau developed OpenProj at Projity in 2007. It moved out of beta with Version 1.0 on January 10, 2008. In late 2008, Projity was acquired by Silver
OpenProj
Two-dimensional area measurement of a three-dimensional object projected onto a plane
A=L\times W} A proj = L × W cos β {\displaystyle A_{\text{proj}}=L\times W\cos {\beta }} Circular disc A = π r 2 {\displaystyle A=\pi r^{2}} A proj = π r 2
Projected_area
2025 film by Paul Thomas Anderson
Archived from the original on June 14, 2024. Retrieved April 11, 2026. @ProjBigScreen (January 28, 2026). "Jacob Batalon reveals to us that he read for
One_Battle_After_Another
est.); A$90.0 (2025 proj.); A$94.6 (2026 proj.); A$99.7 (2027 proj.); A$104.7 (2028 proj.); A$109.6 (2029 proj.); A$114.4 (2030 proj.). GNI - GNI per capita:
Economy_of_Tuvalu
General-purpose programming language
OpenCL OpenCV OpenGL OpenGL Utility Library OpenJPEG OpenSSL Pango PCRE PROJ Quartz 2D Raylib Redland RDF S2n-tls Setcontext SFML SDL SQLite systemd Tk
C_(programming_language)
Matrix decomposition
= a 2 − proj u 1 a 2 , e 2 = u 2 ‖ u 2 ‖ u 3 = a 3 − proj u 1 a 3 − proj u 2 a 3 , e 3 = u 3 ‖ u 3 ‖ ⋮ ⋮ u k = a k − ∑ j = 1 k − 1 proj u j a
QR_decomposition
degree-one elements, then the Proj of R in this sense is equivalent to the category of coherent sheaves on the usual Proj of R. Hence, the construction
Noncommutative projective geometry
Noncommutative_projective_geometry
Type of geometric transformation
vector space is Proj of its symmetric algebra, that is, X = Proj ⨁ r = 0 ∞ Sym k [ x , y ] r m / m 2 . {\displaystyle X=\operatorname {Proj} \bigoplus
Blowing_up
(proj.) World's largest optical to mid infrared telescope. Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Darmstadt, Germany 2012 In progress 2025 (proj.)
List_of_megaprojects
Disney media franchise
Imaginative Resistance in James Cameron's Avatar". Projections. 7 (2). doi:10.3167/proj.2013.070203. ISSN 1934-9688. "Avatar Live in Concert Announces Updated Dates
Avatar_(franchise)
Gentoo package management system
open-source software portal pkgsrc List of Linux package management systems "proj/portage.git". 28 April 2024. Retrieved 17 May 2024. "The Gentoo Portage Open
Portage_(software)
Academic journal
ISO 4 (alt) · Bluebook (alt) NLM (alt) · MathSciNet (alt ) ISO 4 Int. J. Proj. Manag. Indexing CODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM
International Journal of Project Management
International_Journal_of_Project_Management
Academic journal
abbreviations ISO 4 (alt) · Bluebook (alt) NLM (alt) · MathSciNet (alt ) ISO 4 Proj. Baikal Indexing CODEN (alt · alt2) · JSTOR (alt) · LCCN (alt) MIAR · NLM
Project_Baikal
Term in mathematics
x 4 5 ) = Proj ( F [ x 0 , … , x 4 ] ( x 0 5 + ⋯ + x 4 5 ) ) → i P F 4 {\displaystyle \mathbb {V} (x_{0}^{5}+\cdots +x_{4}^{5})={\text{Proj}}\left({\frac
Complete_intersection
Mathematics procedure
Proj S with a graded commutative algebra S (under some technical restrictions on S). If S is the algebra of polynomials on a vector space V then Proj
Projectivization
Scientific journal
The Antarctic Journal of the United States was a scientific journal that covered American research activities in Antarctica and its neighboring regions
Antarctic Journal of the United States
Antarctic_Journal_of_the_United_States
Spaced repetition software developed in 2003
Announcement; torrent index Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. "Mnemosyne-proj-users - Google Groups". "Downloading all user statistics". Wikimedia Commons
Mnemosyne_(software)
Polish Navy". Remontowa Shipbuilding. Retrieved 2026-07-30. "Holowniki (proj. B860)". 8. Flotylla Obrony Wybrzeża. "Gdynia: nowe holowniki w komplecie"
List of ships of the Polish Navy
List_of_ships_of_the_Polish_Navy
Metro line in Lisbon, Portugal
branch line → PMO II Calvanas (canc. proj., 1980–1984) Alvalade L. Cintura: Av. Roma (canc. proj., 1947) Roma Madrid (proj.) ⇄ L. Cintura: Roma-Areeiro Areeiro
Lisbon_Metro_Green_Line
manufactured by ALFA-PROJ. Chambered in either 9×19 mm Parabellum, .40 S&W, or .45 ACP.) Revolvers ALFA-PROJ Series ALFA (Czech Republic – ALFA-PROJ – unknown date
List_of_firearms_(A)
Algebraic variety in a projective space
example, if A is a ring, then P A n = Proj A [ x 0 , … , x n ] . {\displaystyle \mathbb {P} _{A}^{n}=\operatorname {Proj} A[x_{0},\ldots ,x_{n}].} If R is
Projective_variety
Firearm with a cylinder holding cartridges
shooting Smith & Wesson Model 625JM, as designed by Jerry Miculek. Alfa Proj Model Alfa Para 9mm caliber Taurus .357 Magnum Model 605 Taurus .45 Colt/
Revolver
Semi-automatic pistol
ALFA - PROJ spol. s r.o. "ALFA - PROJ spol. s r.o." www.epicos.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2024. "Alfa-proj, s.
ALFA_Defender
Concept in algebraic geometry
by the morphism Proj ( ∏ k [ x 0 … , x n ] ( f i , g ) ) → Proj ( k [ x 0 , … , x n ] ( f 1 ⋯ f k , g ) ) {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}\left(\prod {\frac
Normal_scheme
American astronomer
Astronomy Harvard College Observatory Observations. 67: 1017. Bibcode:1921phae.proj.1017L. Retrieved 2023-05-28. Leland, Evelyn F. (1918). "Long Exposure H.S
Evelyn_Leland
Type of ideal relevant for Noetherian rings
associated quotient ring. grade ( I ) = proj dim ( R / I ) . {\displaystyle {\textrm {grade}}(I)={\textrm {proj}}\dim(R/I).} A perfect ideal is unmixed
Perfect_ideal
American chef and writer
Aliza Green: Green Gazpacho with Garlic, Grapes and Almonds”, GreensgrowPhilaProj “Dawn Stensland and Aliza Green, Making artisan pasta Artisan Pasta”, WMCNTV44
Aliza_Green
Branch of mathematics
One of the basic constructions in commutative algebraic geometry is the Proj construction of a graded commutative ring. This construction builds a projective
Noncommutative algebraic geometry
Noncommutative_algebraic_geometry
Concept in algebraic geometry
example, Proj ( C [ x , y ] [ a , b , c ] ( a x 2 + b x y + c y 2 ) ) → Proj ( C [ a , b , c ] ) = P a , b , c 2 {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}\left({\frac
Morphism_of_schemes
2013 Boomerang Family 고령화가족 Oh Mi-yeon 2016 Missing 미씽: 사라진 아이 Han-mae 2017 Proj. Get-up-and-go 프로젝트 패기 Cameo Single Rider 싱글라이더 Soo-jin 2018 Be with You
Gong_Hyo-jin_filmography
geometry, a weighted projective space P(a0,...,an) is the projective variety Proj(k[x0,...,xn]) associated to the graded ring k[x0,...,xn] where the variable
Weighted_projective_space
Tunnel under a mountain pass at adjoining valley floor level
7 mi, proj. 2032), France and Italy Brenner Base Tunnel (55 km, 34 mi, proj. 2032), Austria and Italy Semmering Base Tunnel (27.3 km, 17.0 mi, proj. 2030)
Base_tunnel
# Image City Department 2017 population 2025 population (proj.) 1 Lima Lima 9,562,280 10,353,700 2 Arequipa Arequipa 1,008,290 1,195,700 3 Callao Callao
List_of_cities_in_Peru
Branch of mathematics
field Proj ( C [ x 0 , x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ] ( x 0 4 + x 1 4 + x 2 4 + x 3 4 ) ) ↓ Spec ( k ) {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\operatorname {Proj} \left({\dfrac
Deformation_(mathematics)
formula) Proj ( C [ y , z , w ] ( f 4 ( 0 , y , z , w ) ) ) , Proj ( C [ x , z , w ] ( f 4 ( x , 0 , z , w ) ) ) {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}\left({\frac
Hyperconnected_space
Mathematical concept
define a topology on Proj S. The ring S, by localization at a prime ideal, determines a sheaf of local rings on Proj S. The space Proj S, together with its
Complex_projective_space
Generalisation of a sheaf; a fibered category that admits effective descent
take a projective morphism Proj ( C [ x , y , z ] / ( x 5 + y 5 + z 5 ) ) → Proj ( C [ x , y ] ) {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}(\mathbb {C} [x,y,z]/(x^{5}+y^{5}+z^{5}))\to
Stack_(mathematics)
Recoilless rifle
Producer Round name Type Proj Weight Proj Filler Filler weight Armor penetration Effective range United States M494 APERS-T N/A N/A N/A N/A 300 m United
M40_recoilless_rifle
Geographic information system software
broadly-used open-source GIS format and projection conversion libraries GDAL and proj. Gary Sherman began the development of Quantum GIS in early 2002, and it
QGIS
categorical quotient: any invariant morphism uniquely factors through it. Taking Proj (of a graded ring) instead of Spec {\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} }
GIT_quotient
Generalization of covers
\mathbb {P} ^{n}} with ramification locus Proj ( C [ x 0 , … , x n ] f ( x ) ) {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}\left({\frac {\mathbb {C} [x_{0},\ldots
Branched_covering
Concept in algebraic geometry
homomorphism ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } . Applying the Proj {\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} } functor produces a morphism from an open subscheme of
Ample_line_bundle
Polyhedral equal-area map projection
mapping Geodesic grid "Quadrilateralized Spherical Cube — PROJ 9.2.1 documentation". proj.org. Retrieved 2023-06-10. Chan, F.K.; O'Neill, E. M. (1975)
Quadrilateralized spherical cube
Quadrilateralized_spherical_cube
Continuous surjection satisfying a local triviality condition
is, the following diagram should commute: where proj 1 : U × F → U {\displaystyle \operatorname {proj} _{1}:U\times F\to U} is the natural projection
Fiber_bundle
Branch of mathematics
as an analogue of the category of coherent sheaves on Proj A {\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} A} . This approach, developed by Michael Artin and James
Noncommutative_geometry
subspaces in R n {\textstyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} , and proj E : R n → E {\textstyle \operatorname {proj} _{E}:\mathbb {R} ^{n}\rightarrow E} denotes the orthogonal
Mixed_volume
Empty category occupying the subject position in non-finite clauses
students avant before même even de of PROj la her rencontrer. to.meet Amélie effraye [les étudiants]j avant même de PROj la rencontrer. Amelie scares the
PRO_(linguistics)
Operation selecting specific components or columns from a set, tuple, or relation
{\displaystyle j} th projection map, written p r o j j , {\displaystyle \mathrm {proj} _{j},} that takes an element x → = ( x 1 , … , x j , … , x k ) {\displaystyle
Projection_(set_theory)
Idempotent linear transformation from a vector space to itself
y = proj V y + z {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} =\operatorname {proj} _{V}\mathbf {y} +\mathbf {z} } . proj V y {\displaystyle \operatorname {proj} _{V}\mathbf
Projection_(linear_algebra)
Rimfire cartridge
its short and long versions) are the Alfa series revolvers produced by AlfaProj (Models 420, 440/441 and 461) and the Safari Sport rifle-revolver produced
4_mm_Flobert_Short
Mapping from a Euclidean space to itself
be written as Ref l ( v ) = 2 Proj l ( v ) − v , {\displaystyle \operatorname {Ref} _{l}(v)=2\operatorname {Proj} _{l}(v)-v,} saying that a reflection
Reflection_(mathematics)
, P ( V ) = Proj ( k [ V ] ) = Proj ( Sym ( V ∗ ) ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} (V)=\operatorname {Proj} (k[V])=\operatorname {Proj} (\operatorname
Glossary of algebraic geometry
Glossary_of_algebraic_geometry
Ruled surface over the projective line
{\mathcal {O}}} Recall that projective bundles can be constructed using Relative Proj, which is formed from the graded sheaf of algebras ⨁ i = 0 ∞ Sym i ( O
Hirzebruch_surface
On the effects of changing the ring of ''K''-groups
K-theory By definition, K i ( R ) = π i ( B + proj-Mod R ) , i ≥ 0 {\displaystyle K_{i}(R)=\pi _{i}(B^{+}{\text{proj-Mod}}_{R}),\,i\geq 0} . Weibel 2013, Ch
Fundamental theorem of algebraic K-theory
Fundamental_theorem_of_algebraic_K-theory
Cylindrical equidistant map projection
1993, pp. 7, ISBN 0-226-76747-7. "Equidistant Cylindrical (Plate Carrée)". PROJ coordinate transformation software library. Retrieved 25 August 2020. "Yaw
Equirectangular_projection
homogeneous polynomial f in S, then X ∩ H = Proj ( S / ( I , f ) ) . {\displaystyle X\cap H=\operatorname {Proj} (S/(I,f)).} If f is linear (deg = 1), it
Scheme-theoretic_intersection
Dam in Virginia, U.S.
Dams, NIDID VA08701 Order issuing Appalachian Power Co new lic re Resusens Proj under P-2376. FERC Ascension Number 19940329-0351. FERC Project Number P-2376
Reusens_Dam
Street in Kraków, Kazimierz
Tenement house, formerly Talmud Torah Synagogue, currently Hotel Estera (proj. Leopold Tlachna, 1909) 8 Warszauera Street Kupa Synagogue "Kazimierz.com"
Warszauera_Street
Invariant for finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring
we have the inequality grade R I ≤ proj dim ( R / I ) {\displaystyle {\textrm {grade}}_{R}\,I\leq {\textrm {proj}}\dim(R/I)} where the projective dimension
Grade_(ring_theory)
Semi-automatic pistol made by ČZUB
Martin Tůma. ALFA Combat A polymer framed CZ 75 clone manufactured by ALFA-proj s.r.o. from 2002 to around 2023. Just like the CZ-TT, the Combat uses Tanfoglio
CZ_75
Topology on prime ideals and algebraic varieties
where they both make sense. Just as Spec replaces affine varieties, the Proj construction replaces projective varieties in modern algebraic geometry.
Zariski_topology
Portuguese railway line
(cancelled proj.) R. Cáceres → Marvão-Beirã (closed 2012) 239,200 Castelo de Vide R. Cáceres → T. Vargens (closed 2012) Portalegre-cidade (cancelled proj.) L
Ramal_de_Portalegre
Bridge in Louisiana, United States
June 2011, the Louisiana DOTD began a $5.7 million repair project (State Proj. No.: H.006783) on the bridge. Safety and structural repairs included replacing
Calcasieu_River_Bridge
Projective variety that is also an algebraic group
{Spec} \mathbb {Z} } . Then Proj R [ x , y , z ] / ( y 2 z − x 3 − A x z 2 − B z 3 ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} R[x,y,z]/(y^{2}z-x^{3}-Axz^{2}-Bz^{3})}
Abelian_variety
Principal fiber bundle
{\displaystyle X} a complex plane curve Proj ( C [ x , y , z ] x n + y n + z n ) {\displaystyle {\text{Proj}}\left({\frac {\mathbb {C} [x,y
Circle_bundle
Envelope of rays either reflected or refracted by a manifold
reflection of the direction vector is (normal needs special normalization) 2 proj n d − d = 2 n n ⋅ n n ⋅ d n ⋅ n − d = 2 n n ⋅ d n ⋅ n − d = ( a v ′ 2 − 2
Caustic_(mathematics)
"Smallest" commutative algebra that contains a vector space
quantum deformation of the exterior algebra by a quadratic form Proj construction § Proj of a quasi-coherent sheaf, an application of symmetric algebras
Symmetric_algebra
Asymptotically stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory
curves Proj ( Q [ t ] [ x , y , z ] y 2 z − x ( x − z ) ( x − t z ) ) ↓ Spec ( Q [ t ] ) {\displaystyle {\begin{matrix}\operatorname {Proj} \left({\frac
Stable_curve
Transit system in New South Wales, Australia
NSW Sydney Metro Marquee at the Sydney Royal Easter Show 2016 - Proj-X Design". www.proj-x.com.au. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved
Sydney_Metro
Film genre
"Neurocinematics: The Neuroscience of Film". Projections. 2 (1): 1–26. doi:10.3167/proj.2008.020102. ISSN 1934-9696. S2CID 5680951. Greene, John O.; Sparks, Glenn
Horror_film
Structure in algebraic geometry
{\displaystyle f:X\to Y} ): F : { SmProj ( k ) ⟶ Corr ( k ) X ⟼ X f ⟼ Γ f {\displaystyle F:{\begin{cases}\operatorname {SmProj} (k)\longrightarrow \operatorname
Motive_(algebraic_geometry)
-3.08% (of GDP) (2023) Revenue DZD 8 trillion (2026 proj.) Spending DZD 17.626 trillion (2026 proj.) All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars
Economy_of_Algeria
American cartographer (1926–1997)
10–21. doi:10.3138/27H7-8K88-4882-1752. "Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area". PROJ. Proj Contributors. 2004-04-04 [n.d.] Retrieved 2024-04-09. Carr, D.; Kahn,
John_P._Snyder
Differential form in commutative algebra
consider the complex curve Proj ( C [ x , y , z ] ( x n + y n − z n ) ) = Proj ( R ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Proj} \left({\frac {\mathbb {C}
Kähler_differential
Island of the Channel Islands in California, United States
California, southwest of Santa Rosa Island [Scale 1:250,000 ; transverse Mercator proj. (W 140°—W 120°/N 56°—N 48°)]. Washington, D.C.: author. Statement of Timothy
Santa Rosa Island (California)
Santa_Rosa_Island_(California)
CENTERIS 2018 - International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems / ProjMAN 2018 - International Conference on Project MANagement / HCist 2018 - International
Business_capability_model
Sheaf consisting of modules on a ringed space; generalizing vector bundles
associated sheaf) in a natural way. Similarly, if R is a graded ring and X is the Proj of R, then any graded module defines an OX-module in a natural way. O-modules
Sheaf_of_modules
2022 Indian film by H. Vinoth
the big screens!💥🔥" (Tweet) – via Twitter. BayViewProjectsLLP [@BayViewProjOffl] (23 December 2021). "We are happy to announce our association with E4
Valimai
Web mapping application development tool
vector format supported by GDAL, and reprojections on-the-fly are handled by PROJ. MapServer was originally developed by Steve Lime, then working at the University
MapServer
Portuguese railway line
(cancelled proj.) × Tagus Cacilhas L. Cap. → Caparica (cancelled proj.) MST → Univ. (Monte da Caparica) L. Oceano → Setúbal (cancelled proj.) Lisbon Naval
Ramal_do_Seixal
Visual Effects" (PDF). Projections. 4 (2). Berghahn Journals. doi:10.3167/proj.2010.040203. ISSN 1934-9688. Bendazzi, Giannalberto (1994). Cartoons: One
1876_in_animation
Topozone. Accessed May 28, 2018 http://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name= Norman%20Project [1]- Retrieved 2019-09-23 Oklahoma Lakes information
List_of_lakes_of_Oklahoma
Portuguese closed railway line
Campo Portugal⇄ Spain (cancelled proj.) 96.167 Chaves (museum) 94.343 Fonte Nova 89.489 Tâmega L. T. → Livr. (cancelled proj.) Tâmega Bridge × Tâmega R. 87
Corgo_line
Portuguese railway line
Avis → Avis (canc. proj.) × EN251 L. Sorraia → Ponte de Sor (canc. proj.) 34,096 Quinta Grande (closed) L. Sorraia → Lisbon (canc. proj.) × C. do Sorraia
Linha_de_Vendas_Novas
Claimant to the Brazilian throne
Judiciário prestigia comemoração do Dia do Exército (in Portuguese). [«Proj. Lei 2015/2019 - Proj. de Resolução». Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Bertrand_of_Orléans-Braganza
Este Falagueira (proj.) Blue Line Amadora 2004.05.15 central concourse 38° 45′ 28″ N 9° 13′ 05″ W 95 m ? AX Ameixoeira Carriche (proj.) Yellow Line
List_of_Lisbon_metro_stations
perf (Linux) — performance analyzing tool PCRE — regular expression library PROJ — library for map projections and coordinate transforms Quartz 2D — 2D graphics
List_of_C_software_and_tools
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ
PROJ