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Energy form not subjected to any human conversion process
World total primary energy consumption by type in 2020 Oil (31.2%) Coal (27.2%) Natural Gas (24.7%) Hydro (renewables) (6.90%) Nuclear (4.30%) Others (renewables)
Primary_energy
Global production and usage of energy
Union and China. A significant lack of energy supplies is called an energy crisis. World total primary energy consumption by type in 2020 Oil (31.2%)
World energy supply and consumption
World_energy_supply_and_consumption
Physical quantity
and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not
Energy
Methods bringing energy into production
agricultural, commercial, domestic, and industrial purposes. Energy resources may be classified as primary resources, where the resource can be used in substantially
Energy_development
major consumer of energy, ranking fifth in the world by primary energy use. Fossil fuels accounted for 67% of Japan's primary energy in 2023. Japan imports
Energy_in_Japan
Significant structural change in an energy system
An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system. Currently, a
Energy_transition
Consumption of energy by animals and societies
and other activities. This typically involves drawing upon various primary energy sources, including fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), nuclear power
Energy_consumption
This is a list of countries by total primary energy consumption and production. 1 quadrillion BTU = 293 terawatt-hour (TWh) = 1.055 exajoule (EJ) 1 quadrillion
List of countries by energy consumption and production
List_of_countries_by_energy_consumption_and_production
Primary energy consumption in Spain in 2020 was mainly composed of fossil fuel sources. The largest sources are petroleum (42.3%), natural gas (19.8%)
Energy_in_Spain
Radiant light and heat from the Sun, harnessed with technology
Solar energy is the radiant energy from the Sun's light and heat, which can be harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar electricity, solar
Solar_energy
nameplate capacity of 1,280 GW and produced 4,029 TWh in 2023, using 34% of primary energy to do so. Natural gas overtook coal as the dominant source for electric
Energy_in_the_United_States
Overview of energy production, consumption, and policy in Europe
Energy in Europe comprises energy production, consumption and import in Europe, including electricity. Primary energy consumption across European countries
Energy_in_Europe
The energy policy of the United States is determined by federal, state, and local entities. Federal Energy policy is principally led by the U.S. Department
Energy policy of the United States
Energy_policy_of_the_United_States
Most energy in Israel comes from fossil fuels. The country's total primary energy demand is significantly higher than its total primary energy production
Energy_in_Israel
Energy collected from renewable resources
Renewable energy (also called green energy) is energy made from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale. The most widely
Renewable_energy
total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renewable energy sources. Geothermal energy provided about 65% of primary energy
Energy_in_Iceland
Since 2013, the total primary energy consumption in India has been the third greatest in the world (see world energy consumption) after China and the United
Energy_in_India
Worldwide consumption of electricity
Electric energy consumption is energy consumption in the form of electrical energy. Approximately one-fifth of global energy is consumed as electricity:
Electric_energy_consumption
Type of fuel
technical energy systems. In the field of energetics, an energy carrier is produced by human technology from a primary energy source. Only the energy sector
Energy_carrier
the country of Ethiopia. Ethiopia's energy sector is crucial for its development, with wood being a primary energy source, leading to deforestation challenges
Energy_in_Ethiopia
United Kingdom total primary energy consumption by fuel in 2024 (million tonnes of oil equivalent) Gas 37.1 (29.0%) Oil 58.2 (45.5%) Electricity 23.4 (18
Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom
energy consumption (measured by total primary energy supply) in Belarus was 27.0 Mtoe in 2018, similar to consumption in Norway and Hungary. Primary energy
Energy_in_Belarus
Methods for higher energy efficiency
Efficient energy use, or energy efficiency, is the process of reducing the amount of energy required to provide products and services. There are many
Efficient_energy_use
Primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use is produced
The energy mix is a group of different primary energy sources from which secondary energy for direct use - such as electricity - is produced. Energy mix
Energy_mix
Unit of energy
is used by the U.S. Department of Energy in discussing world and national energy budgets. The global primary energy production in 2022 was 637.8 quad
Quad_(unit)
Topics referred to by the same term
A source of primary energy, an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process Energy carrier, or
Power_source
Ratio of usable energy from a resource
In energy economics and ecological energetics, energy return on investment (EROI), also sometimes called energy returned on energy invested (ERoEI), is
Energy_return_on_investment
of primary energy supply coming from hydrocarbon fuels. This ratio decreased to about 60 per cent in 2018. The proportion of non-renewable energy varies
Energy_in_New_Zealand
The energy policy of the United Kingdom refers to the United Kingdom's efforts towards reducing energy intensity, reducing energy poverty, and maintaining
Energy policy of the United Kingdom
Energy_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom
to produce fuel and electricity for end-users. It is known as total primary energy supply (TPES), a term used to indicate the sum of production and imports
List of countries by energy consumption per capita
List_of_countries_by_energy_consumption_per_capita
electricity is imported, mainly from Switzerland and France. The share of primary energy dedicated to electricity production is above 35%, and has grown steadily
Energy_in_Italy
Turkmenistan had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 26.75 Mtoe in 2014. Electricity consumption was 14.64 TWh. Most of this primary energy came from fossil
Energy_in_Turkmenistan
Energy in North Korea describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in North Korea. Primary energy use in North Korea was 224 TWh
Energy_in_North_Korea
Uzbekistan had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 48.28 Mtoe in 2012. Electricity consumption was 47.80 TWh. The majority of primary energy came from fossil
Energy_in_Uzbekistan
Chile's total primary energy supply (TPES) was 36.10 Mtoe in 2014. Energy in Chile is dominated by fossil fuels, with coal, oil and gas accounting for
Energy_in_Chile
conjunction with the 2014 Iranian subsidy reform plan. [citation needed] Primary energy supply is around two thirds gas and one third oil, with tiny amounts
Energy_in_Iran
Energy in Germany is derived primarily from fossil fuels. In 2025, petroleum accounted for 36.0% of primary energy consumption, natural gas for 26.6%,
Energy_in_Germany
alternative sources of energy, particularly nuclear, solar and wind energy. Net energy import dependency was 40.9% in 2021-22. The primary energy consumption in
Energy_policy_of_India
Use of renewable energy sources in Belarus
As of 2021[update], there is little renewable energy in Belarus. 7% of primary energy in Belarus was from renewables in 2019, mostly biofuels. As there
Renewable_energy_in_Belarus
According to a 2025 country update, geothermal energy accounted for about 65% of Iceland's primary energy supply (referenced to 15 °C). Together with hydropower
Geothermal_power_in_Iceland
Primary energy in a Hindu philosophy
Vaishnavism, a sect of Hinduism, there are considered to be three primary energies of forces of existence: the internal (spiritual), external (material)
Tatastha
topical guide to energy development: Energy development – the effort to provide sufficient primary energy sources and secondary energy forms for supply
Outline_of_energy_development
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is a proposed form of energy that affects the universe on its largest scales. Its primary effect is to drive the accelerating
Dark_energy
Australian government department, 1987–1998
The Department of Primary Industries and Energy was an Australian government department that existed between July 1987 and October 1998. Information about
Department of Primary Industries and Energy
Department_of_Primary_Industries_and_Energy
Primary energy use in Slovakia was 194 TWh and 36 TWh per million inhabitants in 2009. Slovakia has a plan to get renewable sources of energy up to 19
Energy_in_Slovakia
of 2015, Germany's total primary energy consumption is 13,218 petajoules or 3,672 terawatt-hours. The final renewable energy consumption, split by the
Renewable_energy_in_Germany
Type of heating system
heated room, or pumps that circulate hot water through room radiators. Primary energy sources may be fuels like coal or wood, oil, kerosene, natural gas,
Central_heating
or any alternate fuel as a primary energy source. It prohibited the use of natural gas or petroleum as the primary energy source in a new major fuel-burning
Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act
Power_Plant_and_Industrial_Fuel_Use_Act
Energy per volume
In physics, energy density is the quotient between the amount of energy stored in a given system or contained in a given region of space and the volume
Energy_density
population relies on biomass, such as wood, as their primary energy source. Myanmar has abundant energy resources, particularly hydropower and natural gas
Energy_in_Myanmar
How a government or business deals with energy
alternative sources of energy, particularly nuclear, solar and wind energy. Net energy import dependency was 40.9% in 2021-22. The primary energy consumption in
Energy_policy
completely depleted, leading to a nationwide blackout. In 2009 the primary energy use in Lebanon was 77 TWh, 18 MWh per capita. By 2019, the total solar
Energy_in_Lebanon
the IEA Singapore had no energy production in 2008. Energy imports increased 18.6% in 2008 compared to 2004. The primary energy declined by about one third
Energy_in_Singapore
of Ireland's energy needs in 2023, while renewable energy accounted for 14.1% of primary energy, its highest share to date. End-user energy demand was 140
Energy_in_Ireland
UAE has 7% of global proved oil reserves, about 100 billion barrels. Primary energy usage in 2009 in the UAE was 693 TWh and 151 TWh per million persons
Energy in the United Arab Emirates
Energy_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates
House designed for reduced energy use
standard, low-energy buildings are defined. About the buildings' energy performance, two alternatives for rating their primary energy use are under discussion:
Low-energy_house
Combustible sedimentary rock composed primarily of carbon
consumption increased. In 2020, coal supplied about a quarter of the world's primary energy and over a third of its electricity. Some iron and steel-making and
Coal
Discussing what form of transport is the most fuel efficient and economical
Producing electricity from fuel requires much more primary energy than the amount of electricity produced. Energy consumption: Calories processed by the body's
Energy efficiency in transport
Energy_efficiency_in_transport
Current energy policy is dictated by the Power Development Plan 8, which had a revised version of the policy adopted in 2025. Table 1: Progress of primary energy
Energy_in_Vietnam
and natural gas. It was estimated by the Energy Information Administration that in 2006 primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum 36.8%, coal 26.6%
Environmental impact of the energy industry
Environmental_impact_of_the_energy_industry
50% of energy consumption coming from renewable or alternative sources by 2050. According to IEA primary energy supply increased 29% and energy export
Energy_in_Kazakhstan
Showers that use a basin and a pump to re-use the showering water
session. The technology is used to reduce the use of drinking water and primary energy consumption for water heating. By lowering the (household) hot water
Water_recycling_shower
Energy consumption per person in Turkey is similar to the world average, and over 85 per cent is from fossil fuels. From 1990 to 2017 annual primary energy
Energy_in_Turkey
of primary energy (heat and power) is from renewable energy sources in New Zealand. Approximately 87% of electricity comes from renewable energy, primarily
Renewable energy in New Zealand
Renewable_energy_in_New_Zealand
gas emissions "Yearly Electricity Data". ember-energy.org. Retrieved 14 Feb 2026. "Share of primary energy consumption from renewable sources". Our World
List of countries by renewable electricity production
List_of_countries_by_renewable_electricity_production
Exclusively using renewable resources for all energy
economic and energy security concerns. Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system, since
100%_renewable_energy
Bulgaria, energy prices for households are state-controlled, while commercial electricity prices are determined by the market. Total primary energy production
Energy_in_Bulgaria
In 2018, Nigeria's primary energy consumption was about 155 Mtoe. Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste, which accounted for 73
Energy_in_Nigeria
Latvia is a net energy importer. Primary energy use in Latvia was 49 TWh, or 22 TWh per million persons in 2009. In 2018, electricity consumption per
Energy_in_Latvia
Oil and gas account for more than three-quarters of the UK's total primary energy needs. Oil provides 97 percent of the fuel for transport, and gas is
Oil and gas industry in the United Kingdom
Oil_and_gas_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom
Major circulating system of ocean currents
as a primary energy source. The oceanic regions within the South Pacific Gyre (SPG), and other subtropical gyres, are characterized by low primary productivity
South_Pacific_Gyre
Georgia, a country just southwest of Russia, had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 4.793 Mtoe in 2016. Electricity consumption was 11.5 TWh in 2016
Energy_in_Georgia_(country)
Energy in Yemen describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Yemen. Yemen is net energy exporter. Primary energy use in Yemen
Energy_in_Yemen
Energy efficiency standard for buildings
the remaining energy load through integrated renewable technologies such as photovoltaic solar panels. The primary goal of zero-energy buildings is to
Zero-energy_building
Government agency
The California Energy Commission, formally the Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission, is the primary energy policy and planning agency
California_Energy_Commission
primary energy consumption with 36.7% oil, 24.6% gas, 17.7% coal, 14.2% nuclear, 6.7% renewables and 0.1% industrial waste. In 2006, nuclear energy provided
Nuclear power in the European Union
Nuclear_power_in_the_European_Union
Swiss total primary energy consumption in 2024 Oil (36.7%) Gas (9.80%) Nuclear fuel (24.3%) Hydropower (16.9%) Rest (12.3%) Energy in Switzerland is transitioning
Energy_in_Switzerland
Total primary energy supply (TPES) in Slovenia was 6.80 Mtoe in 2019. In the same year, electricity production was 16.1 TWh, consumption was 14.9 TWh.
Energy_in_Slovenia
Synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide by biological organisms
of chemical energy, in organic compounds by living organisms. The main source of such energy is sunlight, but a minute fraction of primary production is
Primary_production
Energy policy of Finland describes the politics of Finland related to energy. Energy in Finland describes energy and electricity production, consumption
Energy_policy_of_Finland
Legislation in the area of energetics in the European Union
European Union total primary energy consumption by fuel in 2017[needs update] Oil (38.0%) Coal (14.0%) Natural gas (24.0%) Nuclear (11.0%) Hydro (4.00%)
Energy policy of the European Union
Energy_policy_of_the_European_Union
90%) In 2019, the total energy production in Indonesia is 450.79 million tonnes of oil equivalent, with a total primary energy supply of 231.14 million
Energy_in_Indonesia
Reducing energy consumption
Energy conservation is the effort to reduce wasteful energy consumption by using fewer energy services. This can be done by using energy more effectively
Energy_conservation
Canadian integrated oil and natural gas company
which were included in its acquisition of Husky Energy. They offer fuels under the Esso brand. The primary technology Cenovus uses at its Foster Creek and
Cenovus_Energy
According to data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for 17.8% of total primary energy production and 22.7% of total
Renewable energy in the United States
Renewable_energy_in_the_United_States
member status in the EU's Energy Community. Before the USSR collapsed, oil imports made up about half of Armenia's primary energy supply of 8000 ktoe (compare
Energy_in_Armenia
Three primary energy sources make up the energy mix in Guinea: fossil biomass, oil and hydropower. Biomass (firewood and charcoal) makes the largest contribution
Energy_in_Guinea
Book by William Stanley Jevons
over global affairs was transitory, given the finite nature of its primary energy resource. In propounding this thesis, Jevons covered a range of issues
The_Coal_Question
Overview of and topical guide to energy
Geothermal energy – Thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth Gravitational energy – energy from gravitational fields Ionization energy – energy that
Outline_of_energy
Energy in Australia is the production in Australia of energy and electricity, for consumption or export. Energy policy of Australia describes the politics
Energy_in_Australia
Freedom from others regarding energy
by the energy industry. Energy dependence, in general, refers to mankind's general dependence on either primary or secondary energy for energy consumption
Energy_independence
SI derived unit of power
converters have been built with power ratings of up to 2 GW. Terawatt The primary energy used by humans worldwide was about 160,000 terawatt-hours in 2019, corresponding
Watt
3.57 TWh. The energy mix is dominated by traditional sources like firewood and agricultural residue (68.7%), most of this primary energy (about 80%) represents
Energy_in_Nepal
energy, electricity, or any other form of energy) Primary energy consumption — means gross inland consumption, excluding non-energy uses Final energy
Energy efficiency in agriculture
Energy_efficiency_in_agriculture
definitions: Total primary energy supply". Energy in Sweden 2010 Archived 16 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Facts and figures. The Swedish Energy Agency. Table
Energy_in_Sweden
Canadian energy company
Suncor Energy Inc. (French: Suncor Énergie) is a Canadian integrated energy company based in Calgary, Alberta. It specializes in production of synthetic
Suncor_Energy
Electric and gas company in Jackson, Michigan, US
Energy has operated since 1886. NorthStar Clean Energy's primary businesses are independent power production and natural gas transmission. CMS Energy
CMS_Energy
Energy in Bahrain describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Bahrain. Bahrain is a net energy exporter. Primary energy use
Energy_in_Bahrain
Concept for energy flows to and from Earth
Earth's energy budget (or Earth's energy balance) is the balance between the energy that Earth receives from the Sun and the energy the Earth loses back
Earth's_energy_budget
final energy consumption. Another broader measure, primary energy consumption also includes energy used in the extraction of fuels (the energy sector)
Renewable_energy_in_Spain
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