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Polygenic adaptation describes a process in which a population adapts through small changes in allele frequencies at hundreds or thousands of loci. Many
Polygenic_adaptation
Study of the inheritance of continuously variable traits
(23 February 2010). "The genetics of human adaptation: hard sweeps, soft sweeps, and polygenic adaptation". Current Biology. 20 (4): R208–215. Bibcode:2010CBio
Quantitative_genetics
Genetic process
in allele frequencies at many loci each with standing variation (polygenic adaptation). Whether or not a selective sweep has occurred can be investigated
Selective_sweep
Study of genetics in natural populations
across a population can provide insight into polygenic adaptation. A major line of evidence for polygenic traits can be drawn from artificial selection
Ecological_genetics
Percent of variation in IQ scores in a given population associated with genetic variation
Jonathan K; Feldman, Marcus W (2018-12-27). "Interpreting polygenic scores, polygenic adaptation, and human phenotypic differences". Evolution, Medicine
Heritability_of_IQ
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Buggs, Richard J. A.; Nichols, Richard A. (26 June 2025). "Rapid polygenic adaptation in a wild population of ash trees under a novel fungal epidemic"
Natural_selection
Classification of distinct populations lesser than subspecies
ISBN 978-0-674-86250-0. Fuhrmann, Nico; Prakash, Celine; Kaiser, Tobias S. (2023). "Polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation allows rapid ecotype formation".
Ecotype
Fungus, cause of ash dieback
; Buggs, Richard J. A.; Nichols, Richard A. (2025-06-26). "Rapid polygenic adaptation in a wild population of ash trees under a novel fungal epidemic"
Hymenoscyphus_fraxineus
Quantitative genetic model developed by Ronald Fisher in 1918
The infinitesimal model, also known as the polygenic model, is a widely used statistical model in quantitative genetics and in genome-wide association
Infinitesimal_model
Semitic-speaking ethnic group in Ethiopia
saturation. This is due to a unique adaptive architecture, with polygenic adaptation and hematological adjustments that reduce risks of chronic hypoxia
Tigrayans
Species of deciduous tree
Buggs, Richard J. A.; Nichols, Richard A. (26 June 2025). "Rapid polygenic adaptation in a wild population of ash trees under a novel fungal epidemic"
Fraxinus_excelsior
Stratification of a genetic population based on allele frequencies
2019). Nordborg M, McCarthy MI, Barton NH, Hermisson J (eds.). "Polygenic adaptation on height is overestimated due to uncorrected stratification in genome-wide
Population structure (genetics)
Population_structure_(genetics)
Subfield of genetics
molecular evolution Panmixia Outbreeding depression Polymorphism Polygenic adaptation Population size Quantitative genetics Runaway process (Fisherian
Population_genetics
Darwinian perspective that biological traits are evolved adaptations
they necessarily represent adaptations. Polygenic traits are controlled by a number of separate genes. Many traits are polygenic, for example human height
Adaptationism
Kelly, Nemesio Gorriz, Grieve, Moat, Lines, Buggs & Nichols. Rapid polygenic adaptation in a wild population of ash trees under a novel fungal epidemic "Nichols
Richard_A._Nichols
Model of genetic architecture of complex traits
widespread gene expression adaptation have been developed and provide evidence that many adaptations are highly polygenic. Boyle EA, Li YI, Pritchard
Omnigenic_model
Part of the genetic makeup of a cell which determines one of its characteristics
genotype, then the person is bald which masks the A gene entirely. A polygenic trait is one whose phenotype is dependent on the additive effects of multiple
Genotype
American geneticist
Jonathan K; Feldman, Marcus W (2019-01-01). "Interpreting polygenic scores, polygenic adaptation, and human phenotypic differences". Evolution, Medicine
Noah_Rosenberg
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
a single pleiotropic locus. There has been introduced a fourth type, polygenicity-induced horizontal pleiotropy, where several genetic loci with causal
Pleiotropy
Vegetation community in the United Kingdom
; Buggs, Richard J. A.; Nichols, Richard A. (2025-06-26). "Rapid polygenic adaptation in a wild population of ash trees under a novel fungal epidemic"
British_NVC_community_W8
American professor of biology at Stanford University
expressed his lab aims to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying polygenic adaptations. The lab uses interspecies hybrids to map the landscape of cis-regulatory
Hunter_Fraser
American evolutionary biologist and ecologist (born 1951)
Balzan". Lande, Russel «Sexual Dimorphism, Sexual Selection, and Adaptation in Polygenic Characters». In: Evolution, vol. 34, no. 2 (Mar. 1980), pp. 292–305
Russell_Lande
Stereotype of Jews
attempted to demonstrate a genetic basis for Ashkenazi achievement based on polygenic scores derived from genome-wide association studies, but the methodologies
Ashkenazi_Jewish_intelligence
Bony part of the nose, overlying the nasal bones
airflow efficiency may be prioritized. However, this morphology is a polygenic trait shaped by complex genetic, developmental, and environmental factors
Nasal_bridge
Study of mental functions and behaviors
and psychopathology, as well as complex medical diseases, are highly polygenic, where a large number (on the order of hundreds to thousands) of genetic
Psychology
Human skin color
their dark skin protects them from most photoaging. Skin colour is a polygenic trait, which means that several different genes are involved in determining
Dark_skin
Health based on racial identity
social determinants, as current social needs interventions show limited adaptation to racial and ethnic disparities. Health disparities refer to gaps in
Race_and_health
1932 dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley
Northampton and Touring Consortium Theatre Company which toured the UK. The adaptation was by Dawn King, composed by These New Puritans and directed by James
Brave_New_World
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation, sexual and natural selection, and genetic drift within Homo sapiens populations, since their
Recent_human_evolution
The researchers suggested that because expression of flowering time is polygenic, the gene flow treatments may have led to a disruption of coadapted genes
Assisted_gene_flow
Sexual selection mechanism
2307/2407961 Lande, R. (1980). Sexual Dimorphism, Sexual Selection, and Adaptation in Polygenic Characters. Evolution, 34 (2): 292–305. https://doi.org/10.2307/2407393
Fisherian_runaway
Effort to improve purported human genetic quality
unproven". Nature also published an editorial, stating: "The fear that polygenic gene editing could be used for eugenics looms large among them, and is
Eugenics
Bone development disease
Its inheritance pattern is explained as a heterogenous disorder using a polygenic threshold model. The PITX1-TBX4 transcriptional pathway has become key
Clubfoot
Country in East Asia
longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population". Science Advances. 11 (23) eadt0539
Taiwan
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
little understanding of the mechanisms of these interactions. Due to the polygenic nature of pre-eclampsia, a majority of the studies that have been conducted
Pre-eclampsia
Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
2015). "Whole-Genome Resequencing of Experimental Populations Reveals Polygenic Basis of Egg-Size Variation in Drosophila melanogaster". Molecular Biology
Experimental_evolution
into considering and deciding variant pathogenicity and generalizable polygenic scores, modern clinical classifications of genetic variant pathogenicity
Genetic_history_of_Africa
pollinator isolation polygene polygenic trait Any phenotypic trait which is under the direct control of more than one gene. Polygenic traits are often quantitative
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Polyacrylamide Polycistronic Polycistronic mRNA Polydactyly Polygene Polygenic disorder Polymerase Polymerize Polymorphism Polypeptide Polyploid Polyribosome
Index_of_genetics_articles
Suborder of terrestrial isopods
often referred to as 'Wild Type'. Some isopod morphs are characterized by polygenic traits, such as 'Orange Vigor' (Armadillidium vulgare) and 'Pink Rubber
Woodlouse
Concept from the 18th and 19th centuries
establishing a sense of the unsettled aspects of the natural world. The polygenic theories of multiple human origins, supported by Robert Knox in his book
Social_degeneration
1845 short story by Edgar Allan Poe
some believed that humans were created by spontaneous generation in a polygenic manner in different places. The modern men get into an argument with Allamistakeo
Some_Words_with_a_Mummy
American geneticist
PMID 28581098. Lande, R. (1981). "Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78 (6): 3721–5. Bibcode:1981PNAS
Mark_Kirkpatrick
Rare neurodegenerative disease
for 10–15% of cases overall and can include monogenic, oligogenic, and polygenic modes of inheritance. There is considerable variation among clinicians
ALS
Reduced fitness as a result of inbreeding
can give rise to unfit polygenic traits in outbreeding depression (i.e. yielding offspring which lack the genetic adaptations to specific environmental
Inbreeding_depression
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
ISBN 978-0-14-014481-9. Lande, R. (1981). "Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 78 (6):
Koinophilia
Evolutionary process
increases with genetic divergence, but the architecture is typically polygenic, asymmetric, and often involves complex (≥3-locus) Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities
Speciation
Neurodevelopmental disorder
each slightly increase the likelihood of a person having ADHD; it is polygenic and thus arises through the accumulation of many genetic risks each having
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Mode of natural selection involving the choosing of and competition for mates
308 Lande, Russell (1981). "Models of speciation by sexual selection on polygenic traits". PNAS. 78 (6): 3721–3725. Bibcode:1981PNAS...78.3721L. doi:10
Sexual_selection
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
S2CID 30747937. Lande, R (1980). "Sexual Dimorphism, sexual selection, and adaptation in polygenic characters". Evolution. 34 (2): 292–305. doi:10.2307/2407393. JSTOR 2407393
Disruptive_selection
Species of crustacean
californicus does not appear to be caused by sex chromosomes and is likely to be polygenic, potentially influenced by environmental conditions. The ratios of males
Tigriopus_californicus
Family of receptors found on NK cells
their gene sequences differ greatly across individuals. They are also polygenic so that it is rare for two unrelated individuals to possess the same KIR
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
Killer-cell_immunoglobulin-like_receptor
1995 scientific report on human intelligence
the hereditarian hypothesis of the Black–White achievement gap using polygenic scores and tests for divergent selection". American Journal of Physical
Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns
Intelligence:_Knowns_and_Unknowns
Non-technical introduction to genetics
families. These may be monogenic (caused by alterations in a single gene), polygenic (caused by alterations in multiple genes). Examples of monogenic gene
Introduction_to_genetics
Evolutionary process
applications. Genetic data can provide important insight into human evolution. Polygenic scores from ancient DNA showed directional selection for various traits
Human_evolution
Psychometric factor also known as "general intelligence"
each group is 100% heritable. Much research points to g being a highly polygenic trait influenced by many common genetic variants, each having only small
G_factor_(psychometrics)
Aspect of human growth
heritable, according to several twin studies and has been considered polygenic since the Mendelian–biometrician debate a hundred years ago. A genome-wide
Human_height
Species of marine mammal
five million years ago, sea otters have developed traits dependent on polygenic selection, or the evolution of numerous traits to create hallmark features
Sea_otter
Biological entity within the hierarchy of biological organization
The speed of the faster gazelle could be caused by a single gene, be polygenic, or be fully environmentally determined, but the unit of selection in
Unit_of_selection
Birth defect of the palate and upper lip
deviance in social appearance, and multiple surgeries. Most clefts are polygenic and multifactorial in origin with many genetic and environmental factors
Cleft_lip_and_cleft_palate
Dependence of a gene mutation's phenotype on mutations in other genes
started to be studied in relation to quantitative trait loci (QTL) and polygenic inheritance. The effects of genes are now commonly quantifiable by assaying
Epistasis
Organochloride known as an insecticide
high level DDT resistance is polygenic, involving multiple resistance mechanisms. In the absence of genetic adaptation, Roberts and Andre 1994 find behavioral
DDT
Sensory organ of vision
recessive trait, however, eye color inheritance is now recognized as a polygenic trait, meaning that it is controlled by the interactions of several genes
Human_eye
Ethnic group
longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population". Science Advances. 11 (23) eadt0539
Han_Taiwanese
Theory in the domain of evolutionary biology
Evolutionary quantitative genetics, the body of theory that focuses on highly polygenic quantitative traits, makes a particular prediction about mutational effects
Bias in the introduction of variation
Bias_in_the_introduction_of_variation
Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution
thermostable can tolerate a wider range of mutations and are more evolvable. For polygenic traits, neighborhood richness contributes more to evolvability than does
Evolvability
Evolution-related timelines
accounted for by environmental factors. In 2021, subsequent research using polygenic scores for educational attainment and cognitive performance in African
Evolution of human intelligence
Evolution_of_human_intelligence
Method of selection in selective breeding
Threshold Selection" Crow 2010, "On epistasis: why it is unimportant in polygenic directional selection" Visscher et al. 2008, "Heritability in the genomics
Truncation_selection
Hybrid wheat/rye crop
controlled by more than one gene. Problems arise, however, because such polygenic traits involve the integration of several physiological processes in their
Triticale
Part of the study of the genome
However, it has been shown that several neurological diseases tend to be polygenic, being influenced by multiple different genes and regulatory regions instead
Neurogenomics
Thai-German microbiologist (born 1946)
is deposited. According to current understanding, atherosclerosis is a polygenic disease caused by a complex interplay of several environmental and genetic
Sucharit_Bhakdi
Hypothesis that younger people are better at language acquisition
certain capacities (i.e. polygenic inheritance). According to Hurford's evolutionary model, language acquisition is an adaptation that has survival value
Critical_period_hypothesis
Animal breeding concept
Chicago Press. pp. 278–301. Mather, K. (1941). "Variation and selection of polygenic characters". Journal of Genetics. 41 (2–3): 159–193. doi:10.1007/BF02983019
Selection_limits
Systematized collection of data in bioinformatics
suggests, these diseases are caused by a mutation in one gene. By contrast, polygenic disorders are caused by several genes, regularly in combination with environmental
Gene_Disease_Database
Hungarian scientist (1764–1847)
of his study traits, aspects of wool quality that are now known to be polygenic. When Gregor Mendel turned his attention to inheritance in peas he was
Imre_Festetics
Excessive internet usage that causes psychological disorders
conditions, Internet addiction belongs to the group of multifactorial polygenic disorders. For each specific case, there is a unique combination of inherited
Internet_addiction_disorder
spot. Molecular breeding is usually suitable for monogenic traits, while polygenics are handled by genome-wide analysis. Genomics proved better than pedigree
Agriculture_in_Florida
Evolutionary effects of sexual selection on humans
ISBN 978-0-385-49516-5. Ruzicka, F; Holman, L; Connallon, T (2022). "Polygenic signals of sex differences in selection in humans from the UK Biobank"
Sexual_selection_in_humans
die. The Walker group at UC Davis has discovered several monogenic and polygenic PD resistances in several other Vitis spp. A few years later in December
Grape cultivation in California
Grape_cultivation_in_California
intermediate between American Whites and West Africans based on quantitative polygenic traits and genetic data. However, Pollitizer's study uses recent American
Black-American_anthropology
Mood disorder
are also other efforts to examine interactions between life stress and polygenic risk for depression. Depression can also arise after a chronic or terminal
Major_depressive_disorder
American evolutionary psychologist (born 1981)
what their clients want and expect". Fleischman is a staunch advocate of polygenic embryo screening. According to historian of science Emily Klancher Merchant
Diana_Fleischman
blood from the sofa where Hitler died underwent DNA analysis. Hitler's polygenic score was in the top 1% for autism, bipolar, and schizophrenia – though
Mental_health_of_Adolf_Hitler
Overview of genetic research on Pleistocene epoch archaic and early modern humans"
second-degree relatives, such as half-siblings or double first cousins. Polygenic predictions suggest that Denisova 5 was at elevated genetic risk for a
Genetic history of Pleistocene humans
Genetic_history_of_Pleistocene_humans
Parasitic crustacean of fish
the salmon lice problem. The challenge is that lice resistance has a polygenic inheritance, and a low-to-moderate heritability, but with CRISPR technology
Salmon_louse
Complex interplay of factors
in imprinted regions on chromosomes 15q and 7q. Most data supports a polygenic, epistatic model, meaning that the disorder is caused by two or more genes
Causes_of_autism
Genus of flowering plants
Bozo; Schoenswetter, Peter; Paun, Ovidiu (2022). "Polygenic routes lead to parallel altitudinal adaptation in Heliosperma pusillum (Caryophyllaceae)". Molecular
Heliosperma
Croatian-British scientist (born 1971)
colleagues showed that the genetic architecture of those traits must be highly polygenic, with at least several hundred loci contributing to the genetic risk of
Igor_Rudan
Human evolution hypothesis
misinterpreted by William W. Howells, who confused Weidenreich's hypothesis with a polygenic "candelabra model" in his publications spanning five decades: How did
Multiregional origin of modern humans
Multiregional_origin_of_modern_humans
Persistence of a biological trait under uncertain conditions
may be limited to phenotypes dependent on a single genetic locus; for polygenic traits, genetic diversity in asexual populations does not significantly
Robustness_(evolution)
longitudinal records: Genetic architecture of disease associations and polygenic risk in the Taiwanese Han population". Science Advances. 11 (23) eadt0539
Taiwanese_people
Process of increasing reproductive isolation
associated with loci; with some relying on one locus per trait and others on polygenic traits. The structure and migration patterns of a population can affect
Reinforcement_(speciation)
Concept of eternal life
cycle, meaning that it may have an indefinite lifespan. Its immortal adaptation has allowed it to spread from its original habitat in the Caribbean to
Immortality
Evolutionary explanations of schizophrenia
are another explanation of Schizophrenia. At the center of this idea a polygenic mutation-selection balance theory describes mental disorders as continuous
Evolutionary approaches to schizophrenia
Evolutionary_approaches_to_schizophrenia
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
genetic basis of a measurable trait, a quantitative trait, that is under polygenic control. A genome region that is responsible for a continuous trait is
Biostatistics
1975 book by biologist E. O. Wilson
a single gene per trait, even though he admitted that traits could be polygenic). Sociobiologists were accused of being "super" adaptationists, or panadaptationist
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis
Sociobiology:_The_New_Synthesis
Relevance of genotype to race classification
mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence. Human phenotypes are highly polygenic (dependent on interaction by many genes) and are influenced by environment
Race_and_genetics
Birth at less than a specified gestational age
supporting the idea that preterm birth is a non-Mendelian trait with a polygenic nature. The absence of prenatal care has been associated with higher rates
Preterm_birth
Cognitive process of visually interpreting the human face
that the genetic bases for general facial recognition are complex and polygenic. This relationship between OXTR and facial recognition is also supported
Face_perception
Concept of extending human lifespan
particular, one way of multiple they can be detrimental is by inhibiting adaptation to exercise such as muscle hypertrophy (e.g. during dedicated periods
Life_extension
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
Female
English
According to Ayn Rand, this name is an adaptation of the Finnish name Aino, AYN means "the only one."
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire)
English (Hampshire) : unexplained; perhaps of French origin, an adaptation of Fuget, a topographic name from fuge, a regional term for fougère ‘fern’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English female personal name Annes, Old French Anes, vernacular form of Late Latin Agnes, which is in turn an adaptation of the Greek name Hagnē ‘pure’, ‘holy’. St. Agnes was a virgin martyr, one of those who suffered under the persecutions of Diocletian in 303 ad. Her name was associated by folk etymology with Latin agnus ‘lamb’, and in medieval art she is often depicted with a lamb (the lamb of God).
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Traditional
Lovable; Light; Accommodations; Adaptation; Fine-tuning
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places so called, for example in Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Hampshire, Berkshire, and Oxfordshire. It has been established that wÄ«chÄm was an Old English term for a settlement (Old English hÄm) associated with a Romano-British town, wÄ«c in this case being an adaptation of Latin vicus. Childswickham in Gloucestershire bears a British name with a different etymology. The surname is now also common in Ireland, where it was taken in the 17th century.Thomas Wickham is recorded as a freeman of Weathersfield, CT, in 1658.
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
Girl/Female
Tamil
Beautiful, Practical, Kind, Name of a flower
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Goddess of Wealth
Boy/Male
Tamil
An ancient indian city
Girl/Female
American, Anglo, Australian, British, English, Finnish, Irish, Scandinavian
Light Hearted; Cheerful; Pleasant and Bright; Brings Joy; Bright; Great; Measure of Land
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ploughman
Girl/Female
Tamil
Samanta | ஸமாநதா, ஸமாநà¯à®¤à®¾Â
Equality, Bordering
Girl/Female
Greek
Farmer.
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Greek, Swedish
Victorious Person
Girl/Female
Muslim
Cone bearing tree
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
POLYGENIC ADAPTATION
a.
Pertaining to, or based upon, many cones.
n.
A white amorphous substance obtained as a polymeric modification of acrolein.
a.
Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.
a.
Polymeric.
n.
The doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, saponin.
n.
Alt. of Polygeny
a.
Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia.
a.
Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic.
n.
A polymeric form of terpene, resembling terbene.
n.
The theory that living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to monogenesis.
n.
A polymeric modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance.
a.
Having the same percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other.
n.
A plant of the order Polygynia.
n.
The state, quality, or relation of two or more polymeric substances.
a.
Oxygenic.
n. pl.
A Linnaean order of plants having many styles.
a.
Having many distinct sources; originating at various places or times.
n.
One who maintains that animals of the same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed to monogenist.
a.
Of or relating to polygeny; polygenetic.