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In computer science, a pointer algorithm (sometimes called a pointer machine, or a reference machine; see the article Pointer machine for a close but non-identical
Pointer_algorithm
Type of computer science algorithm
strictest form, the algorithm can only have a constant amount of extra space, counting everything including function calls and pointers. However, this form
In-place_algorithm
On finding a repeating loop in a sequence
Several algorithms are known for finding cycles quickly and with little memory. Robert W. Floyd's tortoise and hare algorithm moves two pointers at different
Cycle_detection
Abstract computational machine model
a pointer machine is an atomistic abstract computational machine whose storage structure is a graph. A pointer algorithm could also be an algorithm restricted
Pointer_machine
time. The jump pointer algorithm associates up to log n pointers to each vertex of the tree. These pointers are called jump pointers because they jump
Level_ancestor_problem
Computer software algorithm
moving the scanning pointer over them. When the scanning pointer reaches the free-space pointer, the gray set is empty, and the algorithm ends. Cheney, C
Cheney's_algorithm
Lossless data compression algorithms
LZ77 and LZ78 are the two lossless data compression algorithms published in papers by Abraham Lempel and Jacob Ziv in 1977 and 1978. They are also known
LZ77_and_LZ78
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
in a calculation. Because indirection is a fundamental aspect of algorithms, pointers are often expressed as a fundamental data type in programming languages;
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
that this was the lower bound for a certain class of algorithms, pointer algorithms, that include the Galler-Fischer structure. In 1989, Fredman and Saks
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Concurrency-protecting pointer owned by one thread at most at a time
that the stack now contains garbage (a pointer to the freed element B). Furthermore, any lock-free algorithm containing code of the form Node current
Hazard_pointer
Determining what or where each pointer points to in program code
(e.g., Andersen's algorithm). Pointer analysis algorithms are used to convert collected raw pointer usages (assignments of one pointer to another or assigning
Pointer_analysis
In computer science, Steensgaard's algorithm is a scalable, flow-insensitive, algorithm for pointer analysis. It is often used in compilers, due to its
Steensgaard's_algorithm
Type of garbage collection algorithm
were found in the mark stage of the algorithm. Finally, the break table relocation records are used to adjust pointer fields inside the relocated objects
Mark–compact_algorithm
been proved by Mehlhorn, Näher and Alt under the assumption of a pointer algorithm. Under the assumptions of the cell-probe model, Beame and Fich proved
Interval_union-split-find
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
sorting algorithm. Quicksort was developed by British computer scientist Tony Hoare in 1959 and published in 1961. It is still a commonly used algorithm for
Quicksort
Algorithm for finding shortest paths
Dijkstra's algorithm (/ˈdaɪk.strəz/, DYKE-strəz) is an algorithm for finding the shortest paths between nodes in a weighted graph, which may represent
Dijkstra's_algorithm
Form of computer memory management
efficient since it only requires one bit per allocated pointer (which most allocation algorithms require anyway). However, this upside is somewhat mitigated
Tracing_garbage_collection
Lossless compression algorithm
LZMA (Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm) is a lossless data compression algorithm developed since 1998 by Igor Pavlov, the developer of 7-Zip. It has
LZMA
Design technique for parallel algorithms
Pointer jumping or path doubling is a design technique for parallel algorithms that operate on pointer structures, such as linked lists and directed graphs
Pointer_jumping
Abstract data type
stack may be implemented as, for example, a singly linked list with a pointer to the top element. A stack may be implemented to have a bounded capacity
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Method of generating all permutations of n objects
by incrementing the pointer. c[i] := 0 i += 1 end if end while In this proof, we'll use the below implementation as Heap's algorithm as it makes the analysis
Heap's_algorithm
Algorithm for finding sub-text location(s) inside a given sentence in Big O(n) time
In computer science, the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (or KMP algorithm) is a string-searching algorithm that searches for occurrences of a "word" W within
Knuth–Morris–Pratt_algorithm
Triangulation method
a pointer to the two or three triangles that replaced it. To find the triangle that contains v, we start at a root triangle, and follow the pointer that
Delaunay_triangulation
Algorithm for caching data
policies (also known as cache replacement algorithms or cache algorithms) are optimizing instructions or algorithms which a computer program or hardware-maintained
Cache_replacement_policies
Sequence merge algorithm in computer science
output buffer. Using pointers, an in-place heap algorithm allocates a min-heap of pointers into the input arrays. Initially these pointers point to the smallest
K-way_merge_algorithm
Use of functions that call themselves
encountered, such as Null pointers in a tree, which can be linear in the number of function calls, hence significant savings for O(n) algorithms; this is illustrated
Recursion_(computer_science)
Algorithm for encoding data bytes
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing (COBS) is an algorithm for encoding data bytes that results in efficient, reliable, unambiguous packet framing regardless
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing
Consistent_Overhead_Byte_Stuffing
Computer science term
In computer science, pointer swizzling is the conversion of references based on name or position into direct pointer references (memory addresses). It
Pointer_swizzling
Algorithm for parsing context-free languages
Earley's dissertation briefly describes an algorithm for constructing parse trees by adding a set of pointers from each non-terminal in an Earley item back
Earley_parser
Search algorithm
means that the algorithm is actually computing the A* optimal path for every possible start node. Each expanded node has a back pointer which refers to
D*
Algorithm to compute the maximum flow in a flow network
In computer science, the Edmonds–Karp algorithm is an implementation of the Ford–Fulkerson method for computing the maximum flow in a flow network in
Edmonds–Karp_algorithm
Algorithms to complete a sudoku
computer programs that will solve Sudoku puzzles using a backtracking algorithm, which is a type of brute force search. Backtracking is a depth-first
Sudoku_solving_algorithms
Algorithm used in data compression
improve the efficiency of a compression algorithm, and is used this way in software such as bzip2. The algorithm can be implemented efficiently using a
Burrows–Wheeler_transform
Algorithm in computer graphics
The Greiner-Hormann algorithm is used in computer graphics for polygon clipping. It performs better than the Vatti clipping algorithm, but cannot handle
Greiner–Hormann clipping algorithm
Greiner–Hormann_clipping_algorithm
Software resource tracking technique
references, pointers, or handles to a resource, such as an object, a block of memory, disk space, and others. In garbage collection algorithms, reference
Reference_counting
Software design pattern
algorithm at runtime. Instead of implementing a single algorithm directly, code receives runtime instructions as to which in a family of algorithms to
Strategy_pattern
Algorithm used for pathfinding and graph traversal
A* (pronounced "A-star") is a graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm that is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality
A*_search_algorithm
Atomic computer processor instruction
false; } } Since CAS operates on a single pointer-sized memory location, while most lock-free and wait-free algorithms need to modify multiple locations, several
Compare-and-swap
The algorithm made available under the Apache license is implemented in both pointer-based C++ and portable C++ (implemented without pointers). The
Krauss wildcard-matching algorithm
Krauss_wildcard-matching_algorithm
Algorithm in mathematical optimization
mathematical optimization, the push–relabel algorithm (alternatively, preflow–push algorithm) is an algorithm for computing maximum flows in a flow network
Push–relabel maximum flow algorithm
Push–relabel_maximum_flow_algorithm
Binary tree variant
simple recursive traversal algorithm that visits each node of a binary search tree is the following. Assume t is a pointer to a node, or nil. "Visiting"
Threaded_binary_tree
Algorithm to multiply matrices
computations to complete. partition achieves its goal by pointer manipulation only. This algorithm has a critical path length of Θ(log2 n) steps, meaning
Matrix multiplication algorithm
Matrix_multiplication_algorithm
Technique to compress data
compression. The process of finding or using such a code is Huffman coding, an algorithm developed by David A. Huffman while he was a Sc.D. student at MIT, and
Huffman_coding
Sorting algorithm
break; // done } p = p->next; } } } return head; } The algorithm below uses a trailing pointer for the insertion into the sorted list. A simpler recursive
Insertion_sort
Class of algorithms
classified by the order in which the nodes are visited. The following algorithms are described for a binary tree, but they may be generalized to other
Tree_traversal
Dynamic data structure
current level # s represents the split pointer index a = h_l(c) if (a < s): a = h_{l+1}(c) Linear hashing algorithms may use only controlled splits or both
Linear_hashing
Form of automatic memory management
errors: Dangling pointers, which occur when a piece of memory is freed while there are still pointers to it, and one of those pointers is dereferenced
Garbage collection (computer science)
Garbage_collection_(computer_science)
Data compression technique
symbols which are 'not yet transferred'. algorithm for adding a symbol is leaf_to_increment := NULL p := pointer to the leaf node containing the next symbol
Adaptive_Huffman_coding
In computer science, run-time algorithm specialization is a methodology for creating efficient algorithms for costly computation tasks of certain kinds
Run-time algorithm specialization
Run-time_algorithm_specialization
File format and file compression program
and a file compression program. The program uses the Burrows–Wheeler algorithm to compress and decompress a single file using the bzip2 file format.
Bzip2
Phonetic algorithm
Dictionary of Algorithms and Data Structures entry, including pointers to several implementations Sample coder, using a variant of the algorithm Ruby Implementation
New York State Identification and Intelligence System
New_York_State_Identification_and_Intelligence_System
Computer science concept
problem.) For each access, our BST algorithm may perform any sequence of the above operations as long as the pointer eventually ends up on the node containing
Optimal_binary_search_tree
Computer programming technique
mechanism to detect dangling pointers and mitigate the problems they can cause in computer programs. Dangling pointers can appear in certain computer
Tombstone_(programming)
Algorithm for solving various problems in computational group theory
Schreier–Sims algorithm is an algorithm in computational group theory, named after the mathematicians Otto Schreier and Charles Sims. This algorithm can find
Schreier–Sims_algorithm
thereby reducing the time complexity. Two pointers is an algorithmic technique that uses two indices (or pointers) to traverse a data structure, usually
Algorithmic_technique
Computational task of sorting whole numbers
to represent a single key. Integer sorting algorithms are usually designed to work in either the pointer machine or random access machine models of computing
Integer_sorting
Search algorithm finding the position of a target value within a sorted array
half-interval search, logarithmic search, or binary chop, is a search algorithm that finds the position of a target value within a sorted array. Binary
Binary_search
In computing, restricting data to be accessible by one thread at a time
Dekker's algorithm Peterson's algorithm Lamport's bakery algorithm Szymański's algorithm Taubenfeld's black-white bakery algorithm Maekawa's algorithm These
Mutual_exclusion
compression algorithm whereby common prefixes or suffixes and their lengths are recorded so that they do not need to be duplicated. This algorithm is particularly
Incremental_encoding
Lossless compression algorithm
(stylized as DEFLATE, and also called Flate) is a lossless data compression algorithm that uses a combination of LZ77 and Huffman coding. It was designed by
Deflate
Sorting algorithm
patience sorting is a sorting algorithm inspired by, and named after, the card game patience. A variant of the algorithm efficiently computes the length
Patience_sorting
Technique for storing and searching internet routing tables
The Luleå algorithm of computer science, designed by Degermark et al. (1997), is a technique for storing and searching internet routing tables efficiently
Luleå_algorithm
In-band data value that must be handled specially by computer code
in the context of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive algorithm. The sentinel value is
Sentinel_value
Root-finding algorithm
to as Fast InvSqrt() or by the hexadecimal constant 0x5F3759DF, is an algorithm that estimates 1 / x {\textstyle 1/{\sqrt {x}}} , the reciprocal (or multiplicative
Fast_inverse_square_root
Mapping function that preserves data point locality
The Barnes–Hut algorithm requires construction of an octree. Storing the data as a pointer-based tree requires many sequential pointer dereferences to
Z-order_curve
Computer memory management methodology
the memory is accessed indirectly, usually through a pointer reference. The specific algorithm used to organize the memory area and allocate and deallocate
Memory_management
Computer security exploit technique
top of the stack, and sets the instruction pointer to that value, and secondly, it increases the stack pointer value by four (equivalent to a pop operation)
Return-oriented_programming
Algorithm that combines multiple sorted lists into one
means removing it from its list, typically by incrementing a pointer or index. algorithm merge(A, B) is inputs A, B : list returns list C := new empty
Merge_algorithm
Abstract data type in computer science
sorting algorithms. The section on the equivalence of priority queues and sorting algorithms, below, describes how efficient sorting algorithms can create
Priority_queue
Tree-based computer data structure
are no 'next' pointers in each block as in Lehman and Yao. Since B-trees are similar in structure to red-black trees, parallel algorithms for red-black
B-tree
Register that stores where in a program a processor is executing
being executed by a processor. It is also commonly called the instruction pointer (IP) in Intel x86 and Itanium microprocessors, and sometimes called the
Program_counter
Standard library function in the C programming language
sorting algorithm for arrays of arbitrary objects according to a user-provided comparison function. It is named after the "quicker sort" algorithm (a quicksort
Qsort
Sorting algorithm
sorting algorithm that is a divide and conquer algorithm often used in parallel processing systems. Conventional divide and conquer sorting algorithms partitions
Samplesort
Lossless data compression
'Adjust the pointer Case Else For j = 0 To Count 'zero-based MyOutput = MyOutput & File(i + j + 1) & " " Next j i = i + j 'Adjust the pointer End Select
PackBits
Optimization by removing non-optimal solutions to subproblems
an algorithm design paradigm for discrete and combinatorial optimization problems, as well as mathematical optimization. A branch-and-bound algorithm consists
Branch_and_bound
Software design pattern
acts more or less like a pointer, complete with dereference, increment, and decrement. This has the advantage that C++ algorithms such as std::sort can immediately
Iterator_pattern
Data structure
unlike binary search trees, B+ trees have very high fanout (number of pointers to child nodes in a node, typically on the order of 100 or more), which
B+_tree
Family of problems in computational geometry
query point. A brute force search of each face using the point-in-polygon algorithm is possible, but usually not feasible for subdivisions of high complexity
Point_location
Selection is a genetic operator in an evolutionary algorithm (EA). An EA is a metaheuristic inspired by biological evolution and aims to solve challenging
Selection (evolutionary algorithm)
Selection_(evolutionary_algorithm)
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
space to hold O(1) pointers into the input array. They achieve an O(n log n) time bound with small constants, but their algorithm is not stable. Several
Merge_sort
Algorithm for securely erasing computer hard drives
The Gutmann method is an algorithm for securely erasing the contents of computer hard disk drives, such as files. Devised by Peter Gutmann and Colin Plumb
Gutmann_method
Error from a process accessing unmapped memory
of the code that made the invalid reference. A null pointer is usually represented as a pointer to address 0 in the address space; many operating systems
Page_fault
Linked node hierarchical data structure
data structure corresponds to an ordered tree in graph theory. A value or pointer to other data may be associated with every node in the tree, or sometimes
Tree_(abstract_data_type)
Algorithm for virtual memory implementation
page replacement algorithm when the page table contains null pointer values. The aging algorithm is a descendant of the NFU algorithm, with modifications
Page_replacement_algorithm
French musical project
The Algorithm is the musical project of French musician Rémi Gallego (born 7 October 1989) from Perpignan. His style is characterised by an unusual combination
The_Algorithm
Data structure with nodes pointing to the next node
list, that reference is often called the 'address', 'pointer', or 'handle' of the list. Algorithms that manipulate linked lists usually get such handles
Linked_list
Method for efficiently balancing binary search trees
The Day–Stout–Warren (DSW) algorithm is a method for efficiently balancing binary search trees – that is, decreasing their height to O(log n) nodes, where
Day–Stout–Warren_algorithm
Function for sorting in C++ standard library
originated in the Standard Template Library (STL). The specific sorting algorithm is not mandated by the language standard and may vary across implementations
Sort_(C++)
references, pointers, or handles to a resource, such as an object, a block of memory, disk space, and others. In garbage collection algorithms, reference
Glossary_of_computer_science
Processor security vulnerability
Institute of Technology security researchers on June 10, 2022. It affects the pointer authentication (PAC) mechanism in many ARMv8.3 chips, including Apple's
Pacman (security vulnerability)
Pacman_(security_vulnerability)
Algorithmic problem with applications to program analysis
Context-free language reachability is an algorithmic problem with applications in static program analysis. Given a graph with edge labels from some alphabet
Context-free language reachability
Context-free_language_reachability
Multithreading computing anomaly
example, an algorithm using compare and swap (CAS) on a pointer might use the low bits of the address to indicate how many times the pointer has been successfully
ABA_problem
Root-finding algorithm
In numerical analysis, Brent's method is a hybrid root-finding algorithm combining the bisection method, the secant method and inverse quadratic interpolation
Brent's_method
General-purpose programming language
together using pointers. Pointers to other pointers are often used in multi-dimensional arrays and arrays of struct objects. Pointers to functions (function
C_(programming_language)
common in data-flow and pointer analyses. Forms of polyvariance include: Call-site sensitivity The Cartesian product algorithm Object sensitivity Type
Polyvariance
Dynamic memory management in the C programming language
accesses this block of memory via a pointer that malloc returns. When the memory is no longer needed, the pointer is passed to free which deallocates
C_dynamic_memory_allocation
Attempts to formalize the concept of algorithms
Algorithm characterizations are attempts to formalize the word algorithm. Algorithm does not have a generally accepted formal definition. Researchers
Algorithm_characterizations
Methodological basis for 3D CAD/CAM solid modeling and image rendering
of Rochester. Before ray casting (and ray tracing), computer graphics algorithms projected surfaces or edges (e.g., lines) from the 3D world to the image
Ray_casting
Complexity measure in computer science
formal description of this method is given by the following algorithm: i = p − 1, p is the pointer (see above) u is the length of the current prefix v is the
Lempel–Ziv_complexity
tree algorithm has a single pointer into a binary search tree, which at the start of each search points to the root of the tree. The algorithm may then
Geometry of binary search trees
Geometry_of_binary_search_trees
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM
POINTER ALGORITHM