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Attack by Native Americans
The Plum River raid was a bloodless skirmish that occurred at present-day Savanna, Illinois, on May 21, 1832, as part of the Black Hawk War. Most of the
Plum_River_raid
President of the United States from 1849 to 1850
ranks of the military, establishing military forts along the Mississippi River and entering the Black Hawk War as a colonel in 1832. His success in the
Zachary_Taylor
President of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865
retreated to Tennessee. In December, Bragg was defeated at the Battle of Stones River. In response to the defeat and the lack of coordination, Davis reorganized
Jefferson_Davis
Algonquian Native American people
River, the St. Joseph River, the Kankakee River, Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers, the Illinois River and Lake Peoria, and the Des Plaines and Fox Rivers
Potawatomi
River
(primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) The Plum River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, about 46.6 miles (75.0 km) long, in northwestern
Plum_River
1832 conflict between the United States and Native Americans
River to search for Black Hawk. The militiamen became discouraged at not being able to find the British Band. When they heard about the Indian raids,
Black_Hawk_War
Indigenous people of North America
needed] The Meskwaki gained control of the Fox River system in eastern and central Wisconsin. This river became vital for the colonial New France fur trade
Meskwaki
United States Army officer
O'Fallon, he negotiated treaties with Indigenous nations of the upper Missouri River in 1825. Over his career in the army, he served in the West, the Gulf Coast
Henry_Atkinson_(soldier)
Native American tribe based in the United States and Mexico
time of European contact, to a large territory along the southern Wabash River in the area of modern Terre Haute, Indiana, where they were located at the
Kickapoo
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Gratiot's_Grove_(Wisconsin)
United States historic place
Black Hawk War which had ignited after Black Hawk crossed the Mississippi River into Illinois with his "British Band" of Sauk and Meskwaki. During the engagement
Stillman's_Run_Battle_Site
Major river in Wisconsin, United States
Wisconsin River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, at approximately 430 miles (692 km) long. As a tributary of the Mississippi River, it is
Wisconsin_River
twelve miles (19 km) from the Mississippi River, as well as equal portions of land on either side of the Iowa River. The reserve was a 400-square-mile (1
Keokuk's_Reserve
Unincorporated community in Illinois, United States
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Buffalo Grove, Ogle County, Illinois
Buffalo_Grove,_Ogle_County,_Illinois
Son of Alexander Hamilton, American politician and miner (1797–1850)
Illinois, until 1827 when he moved to the lead mining region around the Fever River. Hamilton first held elected office in 1824 as a member of the Illinois
William_S._Hamilton
Unincorporated community in Illinois, United States
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Waddams_Grove,_Illinois
along the West side of the Mississippi River from the north boundary of Missouri North to the Upper Iowa River in the northeast corner of Iowa. It was
Black_Hawk_Purchase
Native American leader (c. 1794–c. 1841)
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Wabokieshiek
Federally-recognized indigenous people of the United States
Creation, according to their tradition. They arose where the Menominee River enters Green Bay of Lake Michigan, where the city of Marinette, Wisconsin
Menominee
Battle part of the Black Hawk War
June 18, 1832. After several incidents of Sauk Indian raids on settlers along the Apple River, Captain James W. Stephenson left Galena with a group of
Battle_of_Waddams_Grove
City in Illinois, United States
time. Galena developed as the largest steamboat hub on the Mississippi River north of St. Louis. Galena was the home of Ulysses S. Grant and eight other
Galena,_Illinois
War Native Victory 4 United States vs Ho-Chunk or Sauk and Meskwaki Plum River raid May 21, 1832 Near present-day Savanna, Illinois Black Hawk War 0 United
List of battles fought in Illinois
List_of_battles_fought_in_Illinois
1832 massacre of Sauk and Meskwaki people by the United States Army
May and the raid at Sinsinawa Mound in late June was filled with war-related activity. A series of attacks at Buffalo Grove, the Plum River settlement
Battle_of_Bad_Axe
American politician
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Adam_W._Snyder
gained the responsibility of defending everything west of the Illinois River. This land was mostly an empty place, with few First Nation's tribes and
Isaiah_Stillman
19th-century Ho-Chunk leader
Dakotas and the Sauks and Meskwakis. Decorah wanted to mount a retaliatory raid against the Sauks and Meskwakis, but he was discouraged from doing this by
Waukon_Decorah
English-American pioneer and civic planner (1783–1845)
Company with Farnham and oversaw its interests from Iowa to the Turkey River. During the Black Hawk War, he was made an assistant quartermaster with
George_Davenport
of the Black Hawk War Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
List of conflicts in the United States
List_of_conflicts_in_the_United_States
Potawatomi chief
Maumee River in Ohio, in Ontario or in a Native American village in Illinois. Shabbona's own biography places his birth on the Kankakee River; "Shaubena
Shabbona
Sauk leader and warrior (1760s–1838)
and one woman. Soon after, he joined his father in a raid against Cherokee along the Meramec River in Missouri. After Pyesa died from wounds received in
Black_Hawk_(Sauk_leader)
Meskwaki leader (1787-1842)
and his followers had already made their home in the river valleys of the Skunk and Des Moines rivers in what is now southeastern Iowa. In 1829 he led his
Wapello_(chief)
Sauk leader
who died a decade before Keokuk. Keokuk was born around 1780 on the Rock River in what soon became Illinois Territory to a Sauk warrior of the Fox clan
Keokuk_(Sauk_leader)
United States Army general (1786–1866)
sought to capture Montreal and thereby take control of the St. Lawrence River and cut off Upper Canada from Lower Canada. The invasion would begin with
Winfield_Scott
Potawatomi Native American leader (c. 1760 – c. 1848)
one of William Henry Harrison's supply boats as it ascended the Wabash River in Indiana. Waubonsie jumped on the boat, killed the lone American on board
Waubonsie
Incident in the Black Hawk War
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
St._Vrain_massacre
Tree in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, United States
after the decisive battle of the Black Hawk War at the mouth of the Bad Axe River. By this time, in August 1832, Black Hawk had surrendered to the custody
Black_Hawk_Tree
River in Wisconsin, United States of America
The Bad Axe River is a 4.2-mile-long (6.8 km) tributary of the Mississippi River in southwestern Wisconsin in the United States. "Bad axe" is a translation
Bad_Axe_River
Native American people from the Great Lakes, U.S.
Chippewa, but occasionally a Winnebago would join a party of Sioux on a raid against the Chippewas." During the 1862 Dakota War, a very small faction
Ho-Chunk
American politician and military officer
achievement was saving about 150 Miami Indians from certain massacre after their raid on the Boone's Lick settlement in the summer of 1814. Dodge emigrated with
Henry_Dodge
Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States
gets its name. Sinsinawa River runs along the hill south towards the Mississippi River in Illinois. The Sinsinawa Mound raid of June 29, 1832, part of
Sinsinawa,_Wisconsin
Battle in the 1832 Black Hawk War
Sauk and Meskwaki civilians in the group to escape across the Wisconsin River. This reprieve was temporary; when the militia finally caught up with the
Battle_of_Wisconsin_Heights
American pioneer
the outbreak of the Black Hawk War, when a party of Black Hawk's braves raided his cabin, searching for his supply of gunpowder (which Mack had succeeded
Stephen_Mack_Jr.
American politician and soldier (1783–1866)
his son Thomas (who died at the fort in 1795, possibly during the Indian raid that Samuel survived and which shaped his later military career). His son
Samuel_Whiteside
Menominee Native American leader
"claw") was probably born in about 1795 at Point Basse on the Wisconsin River, near present-day Nekoosa, Wisconsin. His family belonged to the Bear Clan
Chief_Oshkosh
American politician
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Augustus_C._Dodge
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Checokalako
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Fort_Hamilton_(Wisconsin)
American businessman (1797–1861)
west side of the river. The second was given to Marguerite by Keokuk, the Sauk chief. It was also located on the west side of the river and had been the
Antoine_Le_Claire
1832 attack on US militia and civilians
volunteers were ambushed at Buffalo Grove and the same day as the raid at Plum River, May 21, a more famous war event, the Indian Creek massacre, occurred
Spafford_Farm_massacre
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Pamisseu
American politician and militia commander
Whiteside. The company then moved north toward the mouth of the Rock River. At the river, the company was mustered into federal service under General Henry
John_Dement
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Felix_St._Vrain
American politician
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Alexander_M._Jenkins
Town in Wisconsin, United States
are water. The western border of the town follows the Pecatonica River, and the river's East Branch flows southward through the east side of the town. As
Wiota,_Wisconsin
American judge (1799–1872)
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Charles Dunn (Wisconsin politician)
Charles_Dunn_(Wisconsin_politician)
United States historic place
Chief Black Hawk and his 1200 Sauk followers had crossed the Mississippi River, it was decided to build a fort to protect the settlers. On May 10, 1832
Blue_Mounds_Fort
River in Illinois, United States
Old Man's Creek, Sycamore Creek, and Stillman's Run, is part of the Rock River watershed, and located in Ogle County, Illinois, United States. The stream
Stillman_Creek_(Illinois)
affected, Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River beginning in 1830. Each time, he was persuaded to return west without bloodshed
Abraham Lincoln in the Black Hawk War
Abraham_Lincoln_in_the_Black_Hawk_War
Dixon, Illinois, United States. It was located on the bank of the Rock River near present-day Illinois Route 26. John Dixon operated a rope ferry service
Dixon's_Ferry
American politician
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
John_Allen_Wakefield
Former United States military installation
villages, which supplied us with strawberries, blackberries, gooseberries, plums, apples and nuts of different kinds. Being situated at the foot of the rapids
Fort_Armstrong_(Illinois)
State park in Illinois, USA
The state park is located on a 150-foot (50 m) bluff overlooking the Rock River in western Illinois. It is most famous for being the birthplace of the Sauk
Black Hawk State Historic Site
Black_Hawk_State_Historic_Site
1832, Black Hawk War, Illinois
Hawk War (1832), which developed after Black Hawk crossed the Mississippi River from Iowa into Illinois with his band of Sauk and Meskwaki warriors along
Battle_of_Stillman's_Run
Native American raid of 19th century
Stillman's Run and the raid at Sinsinawa Mound was filled with war-related activity. A series of attacks at Buffalo Grove, the Plum River settlement, Fort Blue
Sinsinawa_Mound_raid
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Fort_Jackson_(Wisconsin)
American politician and militia officer
Less than two weeks later, Stephenson was involved in the aftermath of the raid at Sinsinawa Mound, in present-day Grant County, Wisconsin. When news of
James_W._Stephenson
Archaeological site in Illinois, United States
overlooking the Yellow Creek Valley to its west, north and east, and the Plum River Valley to its south and west. Today, all but 1.5 acres (6,100 m2) of the
Kellogg's_Grove
United States historic place
forts formed part of a string of fortifications along the upper Mississippi River that also included Fort Snelling near Saint Anthony Falls in Minnesota,
Fort_Crawford
American settler (1798–1857)
River Fort with her husband, John, and two children during the 1832 Black Hawk War. She was praised for her bravery during the Battle of Apple River Fort
Elizabeth_Armstrong_(settler)
American general (1796–1856)
band across the Mississippi River. However, after a fruitless search, Alexander continued along the eastern side of Rock River with Colonel Jacob Fry until
Milton_Alexander
passed through what are now Beloit and Janesville, then followed the Rock River toward Horicon Marsh, where they headed west toward the Four Lakes region
James_D._Henry
1832 killing of US settlers in the Black Hawk War
during the attack. In 1872, amateur historian Nehemiah Matson wrote that the raid was led by a man named Mike Girty, who was believed to be the mixed race
Indian_Creek_massacre
Multinational Native American militia
1812, giving them their colloquial name. The band crossed the Mississippi River from Iowa into Illinois in an attempt to reclaim their homeland and in violation
British_Band
Wisconsin pioneer and politician
remained in command, he successfully defended the post against several raids by the Sauk and Meskwaki. Involved in politics during his later years, Brigham
Ebenezer_Brigham
Event during Black Hawk War in Illinois, USA
Hawk's Band. The conflict became known as the Black Hawk War. Before the raid at the cabin, animosity already existed between Ament and the band under
Attack_at_Ament's_Cabin
19th century American militiaman and state politician
respond to incidents of violence across the frontier, such as the Plum River raid. In August 1832 Strode was elected as a Democratic state senator and
James_M._Strode
American minister (1781–1832)
America, Kerry A. Trask refers to the incident as the Holderman's Grove raid. Another 1887 account also indicates Payne was decapitated, emphasizing that
Adam_Payne
Spiritual leader of the Sauk people
local militia while allied forces were able to escape across the Wisconsin River. Near the end of the war, Neapope was captured by Black Hawk's rival Keokuk
Neapope
Band, then camped at Old Man's Creek, to surrender. Proceeding up the Rock River with Stillman's troops, they set up camp two days later near Old Man's Creek
David Bailey (militia officer)
David_Bailey_(militia_officer)
Ship used during the Black Hawk War
steamboat continued its service under Throckmorton along the Upper Mississippi River. The steamboat Warrior was both privately built and owned. The 111-foot
Warrior_(steamboat)
Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States
north of De Soto and 6.2 miles south of Genoa on the Mississippi River along the Great River Road (WIS 35). It also is served by the BNSF Railway. The Bad
Victory,_Wisconsin
American steamship captain
mercantile business. His first steamboat was Red Rover, purchased on the Ohio River around 1830. In 1832 he built and skippered the steamboat Warrior. The vessel
Joseph_Throckmorton
Conflicts over Comanche lands, 1706 to 1870s
with Buffalo Hump and most likely took part in the Battle of Plum Creek and the Great Raid of 1840. Santa Anna was the first of his tribe to travel to
Comanche_Wars
American lawyer and politician (1798–1866)
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
James_Semple
between 1830–31 Black Hawk led a number of incursions across the Mississippi River, but was persuaded to return west each time without bloodshed. In April
Buffalo_Grove_ambush
1832 battle of the Black Hawk War
the Battle of Apple River Fort was filled with war-related activity and events. A series of attacks at Buffalo Grove, the Plum River settlement, Fort Blue
Battle_of_Apple_River_Fort
1832, Black Hawk War, Illinois
preceding the second Battle of Kellogg's Grove a raid occurred on Bureau Creek, between the Rock and Illinois Rivers. Major John Dement's battalion was ordered
Battle_of_Kellogg's_Grove
Town in Wisconsin, United States
Hawk's band took a stand against the militia just south of the Wisconsin River, in what is today the Town of Roxbury. Although Black Hawk's band took severe
Roxbury,_Wisconsin
Mdewakanton Dakota leader (c.1773–1836)
in present-day Wabasha, Minnesota, on the west bank of the Mississippi River. For a time in the late 1700s, the Mdewakanton Dakota were said to have
Wapasha_II
Village in Wisconsin, United States
Soldiers Grove is a village situated along the Kickapoo River in Crawford County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 552 at the 2020 census
Soldiers_Grove,_Wisconsin
American farmer, businessman, and politician (1805–1890)
area that is now southern Wisconsin. He staked a claim near the Platte River—where the city of Platteville, Wisconsin, now stands—and discovered rich
John_H._Rountree
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
Towaunonne
American officer (1792–1832)
Engagements Minor engagements Battle of Stillman's Run Buffalo Grove ambush Plum River raid Indian Creek massacre St. Vrain massacre Attacks at Fort Blue Mounds
John_Giles_Adams
Unincorporated community in Wisconsin, United States
the Wisconsin River, Helena has existed in three different locations. The first village of Helena was staked out by Henry Dodge as a river port convenient
Helena,_Wisconsin
Military fort
Atkinson, Wisconsin. Intended to control the confluence of the Bark and Rock rivers, it was used as a station for local militia units and the U.S. regulars
Fort_Koshkonong
United States Minister to New Granada from 1859 to 1861
directed toward the introduction of slavery to the country north of the Ohio River. When George was six years old, his father moved the family to Missouri
George_Wallace_Jones
Impromptu fort during the Black Hawk War
a makeshift fort. It was located in Plainfield, Illinois on the DuPage River and a monument was erected by the Will County Centennial Committee in 1936
Fort_Beggs
against an attack from Black Hawk. They feared that Black Hawk's band was raiding and murdering innocent white settlers and headed to LaPorte County. However
Fort_at_Door_Village
Iowa pioneer, trader, and US Army officer (1782–1840)
reported was illegally leading a logging party on an island on the Mississippi River and lay within the Winnebago territory. He and Kearney kept Brunett in custody
Joseph_M._Street
United States historic place
the Kickapoo and Miami were probably settled in the area around the Fox River and claimed much of the land to the south, including the battlefield, as
Wisconsin_Heights_Battlefield
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