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Class of enzymes that cleave phospholipids
phospholipase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B,
Phospholipase
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Phospholipase B, also known as lysophospholipase, is an enzyme with a combination of both PLA1 and PLA2 activities; that is, it can cleave acyl chains
Phospholipase_B
Peripheral membrane protein
A2 phospholipases. Additional types of phospholipases include phospholipase A1, phospholipase B, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D. Phospholipases A2
Phospholipase_A2
Index of enzymes associated with the same name
Phospholipase A can refer to: Phospholipase A1 Phospholipase A2 Outer membrane phospholipase A1 An enzyme that displays both phospholipase A1 and phospholipase
Phospholipase_A
Protein family
lysophospholipase / phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 which also has a C2 domain InterPro: IPR000008. Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse
Lysophospholipase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase B domain containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLBD1 gene. "Phospholipase B domain containing 1". Retrieved 2011-12-04
PLBD1
Class of enzymes
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure). It is most commonly
Phospholipase_C
Species of snake
that are unique to the Indian cobra, which included cathelicidins and phospholipase B-like toxins. Analysis of transcriptomic data from 14 different tissues
Indian_cobra
SSRI antidepressant
research. Lass-Flörl et al., 2003 finds it significantly inhibits phospholipase B in the fungal genus Candida, reducing virulence. Sertraline is also
Sertraline
Protein family
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PLC, EC 3.1.4.11, triphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase, phosphoinositidase C, 1-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
Phosphoinositide phospholipase C
Phosphoinositide_phospholipase_C
Chemical compound
intestinal lumen by pancreatic triglyceride lipase and by brush‑border phospholipase B, releasing free retinol. The retinol is absorbed, re‑esterified mainly
Retinyl_acetate
Class of enzymes
Phospholipase D (PLD) (EC 3.1.4.4; also known as lipophosphodiesterase II, lecithinase D, choline phosphatase; systematic name: phosphatidylcholine
Phospholipase_D
Species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis
escape are listeriolysin O (LLO encoded by hly) phospholipase A (encoded by plcA) and phospholipase B (plcB). Secretion of LLO and PlcA disrupts the vacuolar
Listeria_monocytogenes
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) also known as platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) is a phospholipase A2 enzyme that in humans
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
Lipoprotein-associated_phospholipase_A2
Topics referred to by the same term
competitive football league in Belize Clinton County Airport's IATA code Phospholipase B Phospholamban This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
PLB_(disambiguation)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and non-neuronal cells. Neuropathy target esterase is an enzyme with phospholipase B activity: it sequentially hydrolyses both fatty acids from the major
Neuropathy_target_esterase
Human chromosome
PIWIL1: encoding protein Piwi-like protein 1 PLBD1: encoding protein Phospholipase B domain containing 1 1 POP5: encoding enzyme Ribonuclease P/MRP protein
Chromosome_12
Species of bacterium
including phospholipase C, cereulide, sphingomyelinase, metalloproteases, and cytotoxin K, many of which are regulated via quorum sensing. B. cereus strains
Bacillus_cereus
Chemical compound
is a heterodimer of two chains. The A chain confers phospholipase A2 (PLP A2) activity, and the B chain, like dendrotoxins, have a Kunitz domain. There
Β-Bungarotoxin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, also known as 85/88 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2, Group VI phospholipase A2, Intracellular membrane-associated
PLA2G6
Cytotoxin produced by Clostridioides difficile
TcdB changed phospholipase A2 activity. This was an independent event from disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Shoshan et al., also showed that TcdB inhibited
Clostridioides difficile toxin B
Clostridioides_difficile_toxin_B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCE1 gene. This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme (PLCE1) that catalyzes
PLCE1
Class of chemical compounds
phospholipids formed only in the presence of ethanol via the action of phospholipase D (PLD). It accumulates in blood and is removed slowly, making it a
Phosphatidylethanol
Human gene on the 22nd chromosome
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), also known as adiponutrin (ADPN), acylglycerol O-acyltransferase or calcium-independent
PNPLA3
G-protein coupled receptor
endogenous ligands neuropeptides B and w enhance cortisol secretion by activating adenylate cyclase- and phospholipase C-dependent signaling cascades"
Neuropeptide_B/W_receptor
Protein and coding gene in humans
Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor
Tropomyosin_receptor_kinase_B
Class of phospholipids
position of a phospholipid and releasing a fatty acid. Enzymes having phospholipase B activity hydrolyze both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, so they produce
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine
Type of enzyme
N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the release of N-acylethanolamine (NAE) from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine
N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D
N-acyl_phosphatidylethanolamine-specific_phospholipase_D
Class of enzymes which cleave fats via hydrolysis
membrane proteins Phospholipase A Phospholipase C Triglyceride lipase Phospholipase A2 Outer membrane phospholipase A1 Patatin-like phospholipase Lombardo, Dominique
Lipase
Investigational drug
Varespladib is an inhibitor of the IIa, V, and X isoforms of secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2). The molecule acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by disrupting
Varespladib
Protein-coding gene in humans
Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the hydrolysis
PLD2
Protein found in humans
Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1 and PLCgamma1, is a protein that in humans involved in cell growth, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation
PLCG1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase A2, membrane associated is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G2A gene. Phospholipase A2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000188257
PLA2G2A
Neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite
wakefulness, and appetite. It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B. The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences
Orexin
Mammalian protein found in humans
(PI3K/Akt) phospholipase C γ protein kinase C (PKC) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) In summary, signaling through the ErbB family
HER2
Highly modified saliva containing zootoxins
attracts and binds fat and ruptures cell membranes. Phospholipase A2 is one specific type of phospholipases found in snake venom. Snake example: Okinawan habu
Snake_venom
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase D3, also known as PLD3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLD3 gene. PLD3 belongs to the phospholipase D superfamily because
PLD3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Endothelin receptor type B, (ET-B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDNRB gene. Endothelin receptor type B is a G protein-coupled receptor
Endothelin_receptor_type_B
Class of G protein-coupled receptors
superfamily. Upon activation, a heterotrimeric G protein, Gq, activates phospholipase C (PLC). The PLC cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)
Adrenergic_receptor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PLCD1 gene. PLCd1 is essential to maintain homeostasis of the skin. Phospholipase C GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187091 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
PLCD1
Chemical compound
activity. Citicoline's effects may also be explained by the reduction of phospholipase A2 activity. Citicoline increases phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The
Citicoline
Species of bacterium
Moter, A; Guggenheim, B; Göbel, UB (1999). "Treponema lecithinolyticum sp. nov., a small saccharolytic spirochaete with phospholipase A and C activities
Treponema_lecithinolyticum
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
M, DeBell KE, Rellahan B, Laborda J, Bonvini E (August 1998). "Sequences surrounding the Src-homology 3 domain of phospholipase Cgamma-1 increase the domain's
BAG3
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Yamanashi Y, Gu H, et al. (July 2002). "Cbl-b positively regulates Btk-mediated activation of phospholipase C-gamma2 in B cells". The Journal of Experimental
B-cell_linker
Species of snake
as acidic phospholipase, base A phospholipase, metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, L-amino acid oxidase, and a myotoxin phospholipase A2. The myotoxin
Bothrops_moojeni
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene, though analogues are found in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and even viruses
Phospholipase_D1
American biotechnology entrepreneur, physician scientist and naturalist
B. Lanman; R. L. Wolfert; J. K. Fleming; A. S. Jaffe; W. L. Roberts; G. R. Warnick; J. P. McConnell (2006). "Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2:
Richard_B._Lanman
Class of drugs
receptors. The activation of α1 stimulates the membrane bound enzyme phospholipase C, and activation of α2 inhibits the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Inactivation
Alpha-adrenergic_agonist
Group of physiologically active lipid compounds
arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is created from diacylglycerol via phospholipase-A2, then brought to either the cyclooxygenase pathway or the lipoxygenase
Prostaglandin
Species of snake
effectiveness. Viljoen et al. (1982) isolated a protein, a neurotoxic phospholipase A2, from the venom, which they called "caudoxin". According to Lee et
Horned_adder
Signaling molecule
hydrolysis of PIP2 into inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol by phospholipase C and phosphorylation of PIP2 into PIP3 by class I phosphotidylinositol-3-kinases
Phosphatidylinositol
snake (Notechis scutatus). It is a myotoxic and presynaptic, neurotoxic phospholipase A2 (PLA2s). These are enzymes that hydrolyze the bond between a fatty
Notexin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The neuromedin B receptor (NMBR), now known as BB1 is a G protein-coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is neuromedin B. In humans, this protein is
Neuromedin_B_receptor
Neurotoxic phospholipase
common taipan. Taipoxin like many other pre-synaptic neurotoxins are phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins, which inhibit/complete block the release of the motor
Taipoxin
American biophysicist
Helen Hay Whitney Fellowships. He is noted for pioneering studies of Phospholipase A2 and trp repressor amongst many others. Prior to coming to Yale, he
Paul_Sigler
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PMID 10843712. Ananthanarayanan B, Das S, Rhee SG, et al. (2002). "Membrane targeting of C2 domains of phospholipase C-delta isoforms". J. Biol. Chem
PLCD4
Species of bacterium
the distal limbs of horses. This bacterium uses the virulence factors phospholipase D and mycolic acid to damage eukaryotic cell walls and resist phagocytic
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Corynebacterium_pseudotuberculosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the PLCG2 gene. From OMIM as of March 24, 2020: Enzymes of the phospholipase C family catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipids to yield diacylglycerols
PLCG2
Chemical compound
Parrish JC, Braden MR, Gundy E, Nichols DE (December 2005). "Differential phospholipase C activation by phenylalkylamine serotonin 5-HT 2A receptor agonists"
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
Protein-coding gene
The cholecystokinin B receptor also known as CCKBR or CCK2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCKBR gene. This gene encodes a G protein-coupled
Cholecystokinin_B_receptor
Protein found in humans
PMID 18624906. Yang JM, Vassil AD, Hait WN (October 2001). "Activation of phospholipase C induces the expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene through
P-glycoprotein
Genus of snakes
to phospholipase generating an inflammatory infiltrate composed of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages around necrotic cells. Phospholipases can
Lachesis_(genus)
Mammalian protein found in humans
Adipose triglyceride lipase, also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 and ATGL, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by
Adipose_triglyceride_lipase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
1006/geno.1999.5999. PMID 10644453. "Entrez Gene: PLAA phospholipase A2-activating protein". 4. Cooper B, Bomalaski JS. Activation of mechanonociceptors by
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein
Phospholipase_A-2-activating_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Phospholipase A2 group IVE is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G4E gene. This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group
PLA2G4E
Species of reptile
233 pp. Mohamed, A.H.; Kamel, A.; Ayobe M.H. (1969). "Studies of phospholipase A and B activities of Egyptian snake venoms and a scorpion venom". Toxicon
Cerastes_cerastes
Species of snake
dose for humans is 2–3 mg (0.031–0.046 gr). The venom is dominated by phospholipases A2 (PLA2), constituting approximately 64.5% of its proteome, with presynaptic
Common_krait
Type of hormones
from N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), this specific subtype of phospholipase D is not exclusively responsible for the formation of anandamide. The
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine
N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine
Intracellular communication process
signaling pathway that increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration is the phospholipase C (PLC) pathway. Many cell surface receptors, including G protein-coupled
Calcium_signaling
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Group IID secretory phospholipase A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2G2D gene. Phospholipase A2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000117215
PLA2G2D
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
receptor is Gq/G11-protein coupled, leading to downstream activation of phospholipase C. First discovered in the stomach of rats, 5-HT2B was challenging to
5-HT2B_receptor
Family of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits
proteins couple to G protein-coupled receptors to activate beta-type phospholipase C (PLC-β) enzymes. PLC-β in turn hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Gq_alpha_subunit
Chemical compound
catalyzed by an unknown thioesterase enzyme. Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, et al. (February 2013). "International Society
Β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid
Β-Hydroxy_β-methylbutyric_acid
Mammalian gene
M, DeBell KE, Rellahan B, Laborda J, et al. (August 1998). "Sequences surrounding the Src-homology 3 domain of phospholipase Cgamma-1 increase the domain's
CBL_(gene)
Processes in fertilization
into the oocyte. In mammals, this is caused by the introduction of phospholipase C isoform zeta (PLCζ) from the sperm cytoplasm. Activation of the ovum
Oocyte_activation
Species of reptile
eyes, mainly when resting. The most important components of B. schlegeli venom are phospholipase A2 related to the production of edema, tissue damage and
Bothriechis_schlegelii
Species of centipede
proteins (including cardiotoxic proteins and enzymes such as hemolytic phospholipase A), and other substances. The mixture is known to act as a cytolysin
Scolopendra_heros
Predatory hornet, largest in the world
peptides that can damage tissue by stimulating phospholipase action, in addition to its own phospholipase. Masato Ono, an entomologist at Tamagawa University
Asian_giant_hornet
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
can be liberated from the cell surface by the enzyme phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC), which cleaves the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid
Prion
Genus of centipedes
species was found to contain compounds such as serotonin, haemolytic phospholipase, a cardiotoxic protein, and a cytolysin. Scolopendra was one of the
Scolopendra
Venom and aggression rankings
Collares-Buzato, Carla B. (2007). "Cytotoxicity of Lachesis muta muta snake (bushmaster) venom and its purified basic phospholipase A2 (LmTX-I) in cultured
List_of_dangerous_snakes
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase-C beta 4 (PLCB4)". Genomics. 29 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1214. PMID 8530101. "Entrez Gene: PLCB4 phospholipase C, beta
PLCB4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
associates with a Gαq/11 protein. The TRHR-G protein complex then activates phospholipase C, which causes the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor
Thyrotropin-releasing_hormone_receptor
Branch of biology concerning depressive disorders in humans
Wee, NJ; Davey, CG; Harrison, BJ; Mwangi, B; Cao, B; Soares, JC; Veer, IM; Walter, H; Schoepf, D; Zurowski, B; Konrad, C; Schramm, E; Normann, C; Schnell
Biology_of_depression
Chemical compound (fatty acid neurotransmitter)
and includes enzymes such as phospholipase A2, phospholipase C and N-acetylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), with other key
Anandamide
Lymphoid organs in the mouth and throat
Ezzeddini R, Darabi M, Ghasemi B, Jabbari Moghaddam Y, Abdollahi S, Rashtchizadeh N, et al. (April 2012). "Circulating phospholipase-A2 activity in obstructive
Tonsil
Generic term for amphiphilic substances of plant and animal origin
acid removed by phospholipase. Such phospholipids are called lysophospholipids. The most commonly used phospholipase is phospholipase A2, which removes
Lecithin
Fatty acid used metabolically in many organisms
by the phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Arachidonic acid for signaling purposes appears to be derived by the action of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2
Arachidonic_acid
Psychedelic drug
activates the signal transduction enzyme phospholipase A2 (PLA2) instead of activating the enzyme phospholipase C (PLC) as the endogenous ligand serotonin
LSD
Hormone used in regulating the cardiovascular system
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) using the Giα subunit along with activating phospholipase C-β using the Giβγ subunit. The three natriuretic peptides ANP, BNP
Natriuretic_peptide
Chemical compound
5-bisphosphate (PIP2), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC). Together with diacylglycerol (DAG), IP3 is a second messenger
Inositol_trisphosphate
Human gene on the 7th chromosome
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2-gamma is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PNPLA8 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135241 – Ensembl
PNPLA8
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
endogenous ligands neuropeptides B and w enhance cortisol secretion by activating adenylate cyclase- and phospholipase C-dependent signaling cascades"
Neuropeptides_B/W_receptor_1
Disorder of depression and mood episodes
corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling, cardiac β-adrenergic signaling, phospholipase C signaling, glutamate receptor signaling, cardiac hypertrophy signaling
Bipolar_disorder
Chemical Compound
The hydrolysis is generally the result of the enzymatic action of phospholipase A2. LPE can be used in agricultural use to regulate plant growth such
Lysophosphatidylethanolamine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the PLCB2 gene. The gene codes for the enzyme phospholipase C β2. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
PLCB2
Species of virus
fragment at the N terminus of VP1 protein was shown to possess the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, which is probably required for the releasing of
Adeno-associated_virus
Drug for erectile dysfunction and hypertension
muscle cells, namely myosin light chain phosphatase, RhoA, IP3 receptor, phospholipase C, and others. Overall, this results in a decrease in intracellular
Sildenafil
Class of lipids
Jiang, B.; Seol, G. H.; Min, S. S.; Han, J. S.; Shin, H. S.; Gallagher, M.; Kirkwood, A. (2005). "Multiple Receptors Coupled to Phospholipase C Gate Long-Term
Phospholipid
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
GHRHR gene, providing positive feedback. In the phospholipase C pathway, GHRH stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) through the βγ-complex of heterotrimeric
Growth hormone–releasing hormone
Growth_hormone–releasing_hormone
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