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Inherited characteristic of an organism
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is any distinct variant of a phenotypic, or observable, characteristic of an organism; it may be either
Phenotypic_trait
DNA locus associated with variation in a quantitative trait
number of QTLs which explain variation in the phenotypic trait indicates the genetic architecture of a trait. It may indicate that plant height is controlled
Quantitative_trait_locus
Aspect of gene expression
reaction norms relative to a particular phenotypic trait and environment variable. For every genotype, phenotypic trait, and environmental variable, a different
Reaction_norm
Composite of the organism's observable characteristics or traits
defining traits. Since the developmental process is a complex interplay of gene-environment, gene-gene interactions, there is a high degree of phenotypic variation
Phenotype
Trait that determines an organism's sexually reproductive function
Sex is the phenotypic trait of a sexually reproducing organism in producing gametes of one of two different sizes or shapes—male or female gametes. During
Biological_sex
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals
Heritability
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up trait or traits in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Trait may refer to: Phenotypic trait in biology, which involve genes and characteristics of
Trait
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
condition in which a single gene or genetic variant influences multiple phenotypic traits. A gene that has such multiple effects is referred to as a pleiotropic
Pleiotropy
such as those listed below. Purely Mendelian traits are a minority of all traits, since most phenotypic traits exhibit incomplete dominance, codominance
Mendelian_traits_in_humans
Genomic loci that explain variation in gene expression levels
quantitative trait locus (eQTL) is a type of quantitative trait locus (QTL), a genomic locus (region of DNA) that is associated with phenotypic variation
Expression quantitative trait loci
Expression_quantitative_trait_loci
Proposed biological phenomenon
Domestication syndrome refers to two sets of phenotypic traits that are common to either domesticated plants or domesticated animals. Domesticated animals
Domestication_syndrome
reached by a population during that process. 3. Any character or phenotypic trait with a functional role in an individual organism and which has evolved
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Study of total functions of organisms in a given ecosystem
is to establish the dose–response relationships of a wide range of phenotypic traits for a large set of abiotic environmental factors. A popular way to
Metaphenomics
Trait change of an organism in response to environmental variation
shown both phenotypic plasticity and the ability to genetically evolve to deal with the heat stress of warmer, urban pond waters. New traits start as flexible
Phenotypic_plasticity
Proportion of individuals that express the trait associated with an allele
degree the symptoms for the disease are shown (the expression of the phenotypic trait). Meaning that, even if the same disease-causing mutation affects separate
Penetrance
Grouping by physical or social qualities
relations. By the 17th century, the term began to refer to physical (phenotypical) traits, and then later national affiliations or perceived ancestry. Modern
Race_(human_categorization)
Passing of traits to offspring from the species' parents or ancestor
"Experimental alteration of DNA methylation affects the phenotypic plasticity of ecologically relevant traits in Arabidopsis thaliana" (PDF). Evolutionary Ecology
Heredity
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
animals). Variation of traits, both genotypic and phenotypic, exists within all populations of organisms. However, some traits are more likely to facilitate
Natural_selection
Member of a group of interacting genes
group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance
Polygene
Gradual variation of the characteristics of a species along its territory
biological trait) of a species across its geographical range. Clines usually have a genetic (e.g. allele frequency, blood type), or phenotypic (e.g. body
Cline_(biology)
Polygenic phenotypic characteristic
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering
Eye_color
Evolutionary byproduct of some other characteristic
In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic trait that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product
Spandrel_(biology)
Phenotypic integration is a metric for measuring the correlation of multiple functionally-related traits to each other. Complex phenotypes often require
Phenotypic_integration
Evolutionary process
reached by the population during that process. Thirdly, it is a phenotypic trait or adaptive trait, with a functional role in each individual organism, that
Adaptation
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
genotypic temperament trait dimensions might appear across different cultures, the phenotypic expression of personality traits differs profoundly across
Big_Five_personality_traits
Evolutionary adaptation that leads to extinction
density will change as a given so called kamikaze mutant with a certain phenotypic trait invades the population. At first, a kamikaze mutant has an advantage
Evolutionary_suicide
Underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties
underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level
Genetic_architecture
Set of people living in a particular area or interbreeding
to have different phenotypic traits based on their geographical location and so may carry varying gene pools, but physical traits are not often used
Population_(human_biology)
Classification of skin color and response to UV light
skin color diversity, along with similar biases in classifying other phenotypic traits, have been argued to require more inclusive and scientifically valid
Fitzpatrick_scale
Features that occur in an organism at sexual maturity
phenotypic traits that distinguish the sexes of a species. In evolution, secondary sex characteristics are the product of sexual selection for traits
Secondary_sex_characteristic
Percent of variation in IQ scores in a given population associated with genetic variation
breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population is explained by genetic variation between individuals
Heritability_of_IQ
Variant of DNA sequence at a locus
but sometimes different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits such as antibiotic resistance in bacteria, developmental mutations
Allele
Equine body part
Characterization of Chestnuts in Dezhou Donkeys and Associations with Phenotypic Traits". Veterinary Sciences. 12 (9): 846. doi:10.3390/vetsci12090846. ISSN 2306-7381
Chestnut_(horse_anatomy)
One gene variant masking the effect of another in the other copy of the gene
crossing the F1-generation there are four possible phenotypic possibilities and the phenotypical ratio for the F2-generation will always be 9:3:3:1.
Dominance_(genetics)
Animal breeding concept
choosing individuals as breeders within a population based on some phenotypic trait or traits. If this is done, then the average value of the population typically
Selection_limits
underlies the distribution of a given phenotypic trait. CSA also provides evidence to whether the implicated trait is inherited in a Mendelian dominant
Complex_segregation_analysis
Mixed-breed dog with socio-environmental typology
inherited diseases. Statistically significant persistence of some phenotypic traits—such as medium build, medium to long snout with black nose, short
Caramelo_(dog)
Type of selection in evolution where a trait stabilizes around the average value
particular non-extreme trait value. This is thought to be the most common mechanism of action for natural selection because most traits do not appear to change
Stabilizing_selection
Link between a disease and the causal genetic entity
is when one or more genotypes within a population co-occur with a phenotypic trait more often than would be expected by chance occurrence. Studies of
Genetic_association
Change in the heritable traits of populations
behaviour (phenotypic variation). Different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness). These traits can be passed
Evolution
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
disruptive selection is supporting two morphs, specifically when the phenotypic trait affects fitness rather than mate choice. In both situations, one where
Disruptive_selection
Type of human genetic study conducted on twins
are born into the same family. The presence of a given genetic or phenotypic trait in only one member of a pair of identical twins (called discordance)
Twin_study
Proposed evolutionary explanation for senescence
antagonistic pleiotropy if it controls more than one phenotypic trait, where at least one of these traits is beneficial to the organism's fitness and at least
Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
Antagonistic_pleiotropy_hypothesis
Peruvians with European ancestry
evaluated in the study. The absence of certain phenotypic traits, such as blue eyes, does not imply that these traits do not exist in the country's general population;
White_Peruvians
Theory of the "selfish gene"
competing genes, increasing the allele frequency of those alleles whose phenotypic trait effects successfully promote their own propagation. The proponents
Gene-centered view of evolution
Gene-centered_view_of_evolution
Sexual selection mechanism
Fisherian runaway can be postulated to include sexually dimorphic phenotypic traits such as behavior expressed by a particular sex. Extreme and (seemingly)
Fisherian_runaway
Cats with genetic anomaly that causes extra toes
mutation alone, explaining why the phenotypic expression of polydactyly varies. Cats with this genetically inherited trait are most commonly found along the
Polydactyl_cat
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
different versions of a gene, which may be expressed as different phenotypic traits. Populations evolve when the frequencies of alleles shift due mostly
Gene
Breeding for desired characteristics
animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males
Selective_breeding
Concept in genetics
expected phenotypic ratio of crossing heterozygous parents would be 9:3:3:1. Deviations from these expected ratios may indicate that the two traits are linked
Dihybrid_cross
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
natural selection in which individuals with a trait (for example, beak size) at one extreme of a phenotypic distribution have better fitness than individuals
Directional_selection
Term in evolutionary biology
individual more vulnerable to predators. As a result, the alleles for such phenotypic traits exist under antagonistic selection. This conflict is resolved via
Sexual_conflict
Presence of the same trait in two individual organisms
that a pair of individuals will both have a certain characteristic (phenotypic trait) given that one of the pair has the characteristic. Concordance can
Concordance_(genetics)
Dog of mixed breeds
dog The "caramelo" dog designation encompasses a range of different phenotypic traits, so long as they include the characteristic caramel-coloured coat
Mongrel
Pattern of inheritance in evolutionary biology
William Bateson, Ronald Fisher or Gregor Mendel himself, showing that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles"
Particulate_inheritance
Type of biological inheritance
and therefore express the recessive trait in the phenotype. The genotypic ratio is 1: 2 : 1, and the phenotypic ratio is 3: 1. In the pea plant example
Mendelian_inheritance
Clade of mammals in the subclass Theria
contexts. Eutherians are distinguished from non-eutherians by various phenotypic traits of the feet, ankles, jaws and teeth. All living placental mammals
Eutheria
Study of the inheritance of continuously variable traits
and "Correlated attributes". The heritability of a trait is the proportion of the total (phenotypic) variance (σ2 P) that is attributable to genetic variance
Quantitative_genetics
plant breeding to selectively control the development of particular phenotypic traits in organisms by choosing which individual organisms will reproduce
Glossary_of_biology
Statistical technique
statistical technique used to estimate the proportion of variance in a phenotypic trait due to genetic and environmental factors. It was developed by psychologist
Multiple abstract variance analysis
Multiple_abstract_variance_analysis
Species of plant
their flavour to the wine. Through artificial selection for various phenotypic traits, the emergence of variations of the plant with drastic differences
Brassica_oleracea
Reappearance of a genetic trait once thought extinct
phenotypic features are preserved in DNA, and these become expressed through a mutation that either knocks out the dominant genes for the new traits or
Atavism
Domestication syndrome is a term often used to describe the suite of phenotypic traits arising during domestication that distinguish crops from their wild
Domestication_of_vertebrates
Online catalog of human genes, with a particular focus on the gene-phenotype relationship
a continuously updated catalog of human genes and genetic disorders and traits, with a particular focus on the gene-phenotype relationship. As of 28 June 2019[update]
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man
Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man
People of Mexico
the frequencies of phenotypical traits such as blond hair between the population of the Northern regions of Mexico (where this trait has a frequency of
Mexicans
Sex-specific adaptations
hormonal influence on phenotypic differences suggests that the genetic mechanism and genetic basis of these sexually dimorphic traits may involve transcription
Sexual_dimorphism
Methods for controlling the use of GMOs
designed to restrict access to "genetic materials and their associated phenotypic traits." The technology works by activating (or deactivating) specific genes
Genetic use restriction technology
Genetic_use_restriction_technology
Species of fish
of P. cyaneorhabdos have been used to study the genetic control of phenotypic traits like coloration. It is a critically endangered species, mainly due
Pseudotropheus_cyaneorhabdos
Species of plant
subspecies fall into groups whose genetics largely agree with their phenotypic traits, such as disease resistance, rind texture, flesh color, and fruit
Cucumis_melo
linked to both continental ancestry or mixture as inferred from phenotypical traits, but also to socio-economic status. Ethnicity is often constructed
Race and ethnicity in Latin America
Race_and_ethnicity_in_Latin_America
Retention of juvenile traits into adulthood
paedomorphosis or juvenile traits had been caused by directional selection. In directional selection, a single phenotypic trait is driven by selection toward
Neoteny_in_humans
Species of plant
species, most commonly with S. sessiliflorum, a plant with similar phenotypic traits. The leaves, flowers and fruits of S. sessiliflorum are similar in
Solanum_quitoense
Social theory of Latin America
and those that they conquered at the bottom due to their different phenotypic traits and a culture presumed to be inferior. This categorization resulted
Coloniality_of_power
explaining the proportion of the phenotypic traits' variances and to show the "genomic heritabilities" of the traits (considering the total of the autosomal
Genomics of personality traits
Genomics_of_personality_traits
Hypothesis for altruism in evolutionary biology
produce three expressed (or phenotypic) effects: a perceptible trait—the hypothetical "green beard" recognition of this trait by others preferential treatment
Green-beard_effect
Individuals nearly identical in genotype due to long inbreeding
interest in their unique genotypical or phenotypical traits. For the analysis of the linkage of quantitative traits, recombinant lines are useful because
Inbred_strain
Science of genes, heredity and variation
first to study genetics scientifically. Mendel studied "trait inheritance", patterns in the way traits are handed down from parents to offspring over time
Genetics
Difference between males and females
of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. Phenotypic sex refers to an individual's sex as determined by their internal and
Sex_differences_in_humans
Species having two or more distinct forms
organism due to environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.). Phenotypic traits and characteristics are also possible descriptions, though that would
Polymorphism_(biology)
also known as an adaptive breakthrough or key adaptation, is a novel phenotypic trait that allows subsequent radiation and success of a taxonomic group.
Key_innovation
Species of bacterium
positives by detecting S. intermedius, as this species shares some phenotypic traits with methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. It has been theorized
Staphylococcus_intermedius
Natural mummy of a man
still an ongoing process. Examining the genetic sites involved in phenotypical traits, the authors concluded that the Iceman likely had darker skin than
Ötzi
British polymath (1890–1962)
genetics conceptual model showing that continuous variation amongst phenotypic traits measured by biostatisticians could be produced by the combined action
Ronald_Fisher
Phenotypic trait influenced by a few genes
locus improves the correlation, this is evidence for the trait being oligogenic Phenotypic differences in an animal model of the disease that are dependent
Oligogenic_inheritance
Set of all genes in a population
particular phenotypic trait, the population is said to be 'monomorphic'. When the individuals show several variants of a particular trait they are said
Gene_pool
Anaerobic, lactose-negative member of the Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex
II of Streptococcus bovis were shown by DNA–DNA hybridization and phenotypic traits to constitute a distinct taxon. The specific epithet *alactolyticus*
Streptococcus_alactolyticus
Species of fungus
originally described as a species distinct from S. cerevisiae based on phenotypic traits, including the inability to ferment galactose, a reported lack of
Saccharomyces_boulardii
Proportion of variance that two traits share due to genetic causes
to be broadly similar to their respective phenotypic correlations, and also found extensively in human traits, dubbed the 'phenome'. This finding of widespread
Genetic_correlation
Classification of "human races" according to phenotypic traits in the Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art published in 1851.
Immigration statistics in France
Immigration_statistics_in_France
Biological process
has an effect on evolution. Sexual dimorphism is where the basic phenotypic traits vary between males and females of the same species. Dimorphism is
Sexual_reproduction
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
correlation of Neanderthal admixture in phenotypic traits in modern European populations. Physiological or phenotypical changes have been traced to Upper Paleolithic
Early_modern_human
Distinction made in genetics
contribute to a trait, and the phenotype is the observable manifestation of the genes (and therefore the genotype that affects the trait). If a white mouse
Genotype–phenotype distinction
Genotype–phenotype_distinction
Human skin color
Europeans in particular. Bagnasco, G et al. (2024), discovered that the phenotypic traits for a group of Etruscans from 3,000 to 2,700 years ago showed a population
Light_skin
Physical and psychological similarities shared between close relatives
the role genetics play in phenotypic similarity. Studies have found that generational resemblance of many phenotypic traits results from the inheritance
Family resemblance (anthropology)
Family_resemblance_(anthropology)
German architect
Begg T, Posth C, Nieselt K, Krause J. Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche. Sci Rep
George_Bähr
Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Abkhazia
March 2022. Peltzer, Alexander (2018). "Inferring genetic origins and phenotypic traits of George Bähr, the architect of the Dresden Frauenkirche". Scientific
Abkhazians
1976 book by Richard Dawkins
fundamental...In later writings Dawkins goes even further and argues that phenotypic traits are what really matter in selection and that they can be treated independently
The_Selfish_Gene
Cereal grain
allele. Domestication in barley is followed by the change of key phenotypic traits at the genetic level. The wild barley found currently in the Fertile
Barley
1997 book by R. Zamora Linmark
exoticization in the US as a result of their distinctive phenotypical traits. In a 2009 study of phenotypical traits and discrimination, researchers found that darker
Rolling_the_R's
Species of fish
semicincta photographed in an aquarium. Given their morphology and their phenotypical traits, it is nearly impossible to distinguish these from Pangio kuhlii
Kuhli_loach
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