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The persistent radical effect (PRE) in chemistry describes and explains the selective product formation found in certain free-radical cross-reactions
Persistent_radical_effect
Method of radical polymerization
living nature of NMP is due to the persistent radical effect (PRE). The PRE is a phenomenon observable in some radical systems which leads to the highly
Nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization
Nitroxide-mediated_radical_polymerization
not proceed via the persistent radical effect (PRE). Instead an active propagating radical interchanges its role with a latent radical in a dormant complex
Cobalt-mediated radical polymerization
Cobalt-mediated_radical_polymerization
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
the radical. Suppressing this tendency and hence stabilizing the radical, is a major focus on radical chemistry, both steric and electronic effect apply
Radical_(chemistry)
and architecture. Due to some inherited drawbacks, such the persistent radical effect (PRE), several advanced ATRP techniques have been developed, including
Copper-based reversible-deactivation radical polymerization
Copper-based_reversible-deactivation_radical_polymerization
Family of chemical compounds
Stable and persistent phosphorus radicals are phosphorus-centred radicals that are isolable and can exist for at least short periods of time. The common
Stable_phosphorus_radicals
Faction of the 19th-century U.S. Republican Party
governments themselves with federal encouragement. Radical Republicans of the 1850s exhibited "a persistent refusal to compromise with the South on any question
Radical_Republicans
Radicals centered on boron atoms
and structural analysis of persistent radicals starting in 2007 with Gabbai's acridinium moiety attached to a boryl radical. Around the same time, NHC-boranes
Boryl_radicals
Organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes. They
Persistent_organic_pollutant
Matter composed of organic compounds
Chenu, Claire (October 2016). "The energetic and chemical signatures of persistent soil organic matter". Biogeochemistry. 130 (1–2): 1–12. Bibcode:2016Biogc
Organic_matter
Class of chemical compounds
triphenylmethyl radical, which was the first organic radical described, has been known for over 100 years, characterization of transient, persistent, or stable
Trivalent_group_14_radicals
Surfactant and antiseptic agent
skin after initial application. Benzalkonium chloride has demonstrated persistent antimicrobial activity for up to four hours after contact whereas ethanol-based
Benzalkonium_chloride
Female reproductive system health issue
weeks of gestation, leading to a high risk of morbidity and mortality. A persistent ectopic pregnancy refers to the continuation of trophoblastic growth after
Ectopic_pregnancy
1979 book by Janice Raymond
has become the archetypal articulation of radical feminist hostility to transsexuality and has had a persistent influence on feminist perceptions of transgender
The_Transsexual_Empire
Synthetic polymer
widely applied per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are persistent organic pollutants. PTFE occupies more than half of all fluoropolymer
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Cardiac drug
Hypoxia, heart failure and oxygen derived free radicals are all factors believed to activate the persistent sodium current. In ischemia, the major damage
F15845
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
power. Radical Republicans swept to power in the 1866 midterm elections, gaining majorities in both houses of Congress. In 1867–68, the Radical Republicans
Reconstruction_era
Condensed digital summary generated from an audio signal
fingerprinting include identifying songs, melodies, tunes, or advertisements; sound effect library management; and video file identification. Media identification
Acoustic_fingerprint
Organic molecule containing a neutral carbon with two unbound valence electrons
as metal ligands, but otherwise cannot be stored in bulk. A handful of persistent carbenes (including carbon monoxide, isocyanides, and some N-heterocyclic
Carbene
Inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the colon
periods of reduced or absent clinical symptoms between flares, though persistent functional symptoms can remain during remission. Complications may include
Ulcerative_colitis
U.S. surface-to-surface cruise missile
during World War II. The JB-1A was also an early jet aircraft, with a radical flying wing planform. In August 1942, a Fieseler Fi 103, code name Flakzielgerät-43
Northrop_JB-1_Bat
2025 economic policy by Donald Trump
Reciprocal Tariff to Rectify Trade Practices That Contribute to Large and Persistent Annual United States Goods Trade Deficits. This order declared a national
Liberation_Day_tariffs
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
TOOR-ee-ans) are a fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the Mass Effect multimedia franchise developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts
Turian
Characteristic of biological processes
dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within
Hormesis
Type of unpleasant bodily feeling
persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called "chronic" or "persistent", and pain that resolves quickly is called "acute". The International
Pain
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
Konorski Learned industriousness Matching law Negative (positive) contrast effect Radical behaviorism (conceptual theory of behavior analysis that expands behaviorism
Operant_conditioning
French statesman (1851–1925)
his own cabinet, distinctively radical, which fell as the result of a constitutional crisis arising from the persistent refusal of the Senate to vote supply
Léon_Bourgeois
Annual experimental event in Nevada, US
is guided by ten stated principles: radical inclusion, gifting, decommodification, radical self-reliance, radical self-expression, communal effort, civic
Burning_Man
Journalistic media that disperse action-oriented political agendas
political stance can be other obstacles to radical media. "Perishability", on the other hand, is a persistent issue raised by both proponents and dissenters
Radical_media
sometimes referred to as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC's) or persistent organic pollutants (POP's). The characteristics of contaminants depend
Biogeochemical Cycles of Anthropogenic Contaminants
Biogeochemical_Cycles_of_Anthropogenic_Contaminants
Philosophical tradition
strength to be the very features that led to its decline. These are "persistent and early criticisms of positivist interpretations of scientific methodology;
Pragmatism
Hindu tradition of textual interpretation
origination and interdependent phenomena (pratītya-samutpāda) but no stable persistent identities, neither eternal universals nor particulars. In Buddhism, thoughts
Advaita_Vedanta
Class of organotin(II) compounds
steric protection. Adducts with Lewis bases are also known. The first persistent stannylene, [(Me3Si)2CH]2Sn, was reported by Michael F. Lappert in 1973
Stannylene
Fictional species in the Mass Effect series
his reading of the Mass Effect series for disability representation, Adan Jerreat-Poole observed that quarian culture "radically repositions" disability
Quarian
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
cumulative effect over time. Pollution may take many forms. One would be toxic substances such as oil, metals, plastics, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
Triatomic oxygen molecule
names pay no regard to the radicality of the ozone molecule. In an even more specific context, this can also name the non-radical singlet ground state, whereas
Ozone
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
integrated with the Ba'ath party apparatus. The 1963 Ba'athist coup marked a "radical break" in modern Syrian history, after which Ba'ath party monopolised power
Ba'athist_Syria
Medical condition
International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) have adopted the term persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) to replace AFP. In the 2nd Edition of the
Atypical_facial_pain
Increase in consumption following energy or resource savings
of leisure time. Recent research shows that the rebound effect is broader and more persistent than earlier discussions suggested. Although the idea originally
Rebound_effect_(conservation)
Acts of Parliament to address poverty and social instability in Ireland
Parliament intended to address social instability due to widespread and persistent poverty in Ireland. While some legislation had been introduced by the
Irish_poor_laws
Political party in Greece
Europeanization Effect. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 210. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help) Susana Salgado (2019). "Not All About Trends: Persistent Singularities
Independent_Greeks
English founder of modern nursing (1820–1910)
was said to be very charming and to possess a radiant smile. Her most persistent suitor was the politician and poet Richard Monckton Milnes, but after
Florence_Nightingale
Political ideology emphasising the "common people"
century aimed to transfer political power to the peasant communes through a radical program of agrarian reform, and has been described by some historians as
Populism
1774 novel by J.W. Goethe
however, a modern biographer of Goethe, dismisses the Werther effect "as only a persistent rumor." Nonetheless, this aspect of "Werther Fever" was watched
The_Sorrows_of_Young_Werther
Mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal nerve cells
non-LHON-affected retinal ganglion cells produce less of the potent superoxide radical than other normal central nervous system neurons. Viral vector experiments
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's_hereditary_optic_neuropathy
Feeding of babies or toddlers with milk from the human breast
insufficient intake, such as decreased urination, dry mucous membranes, or persistent signs of hunger, are noticed. If these signs are noticed, it is important
Breastfeeding
Species of bacteria
promotes persistent infection by consuming arginine; macrophages use arginine to produce nitric oxide, which has a strong antimicrobial effect. The ammonia
Helicobacter_pylori
Rain that is unusually acidic
freshwaters, soils, microbes, insects and aquatic life-forms. In ecosystems, persistent acid rain negatively affects tree bark, leaving trees more susceptible
Acid_rain
King of Joseon from 1724 to 1776
Yeongjo is most remembered for his reform of the taxation system, and persistent efforts to reconcile the various political factions through his Tangpyeong
Yeongjo_of_Joseon
Chinese tile-based game
special hands that do not follow the typical pattern. Players hold a persistent score across rounds until the game ends. Mahjong was developed in the
Mahjong
1980 novel by John Kennedy Toole
She criticizes his self-centered lifestyle and urges him to join her in radical political agitation. To impress Myrna, Ignatius tries (unsuccessfully)
A_Confederacy_of_Dunces
Rapid and fundamental political change
or economic chaos, or an affront to national pride and identity, or persistent repression and corruption. Revolutions typically trigger counter-revolutions
Revolution
Country primarily in North America
Since the 1990s, droughts in the American Southwest have become more persistent and more severe. The regions considered as the most attractive to the
United_States
Ongoing armed conflict in West Asia
have released a chronic toxic cocktail of benzene, heavy metals, and persistent 'forever chemicals' (PFAS), triggering 'black rain' in major cities and
2026_Iran_war
of their buildings, including the famous Parthenon. These two equally persistent beliefs are likewise assuredly false and, in any case, are completely
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Urban patriciates of the Papal States' March of Ancona (16th–18th centuries)
responsibility for the governance of the populace, the minores, gradually but persistently wresting control of civil affairs from the churches. The boni homines
Civic nobility in the Papal States' March of Ancona
Civic_nobility_in_the_Papal_States'_March_of_Ancona
white supremacist ideologies. As of the 2020s, scholars have categorised radical right parties in the UK as belonging to a subset of the far-right, distinguished
Far-right politics in the United Kingdom
Far-right_politics_in_the_United_Kingdom
1936–1938 alliance of political parties in France
late 1938. The Radical government crushed the Communists and fired over 800,000 workers. In effect, the Radical Party stood alone. Radical cultural ideas
Popular_Front_(France)
1932–1940 political party
Rothermere was a notable early supporter. As the party became increasingly radical, however, support declined. The Olympia Rally of 1934, in which a number
British_Union_of_Fascists
Islamist movements for jihad
defines "jihadism" as "a revolutionary program whose ideology promises radical social change in the Muslim world... [with] a central role to jihad as
Jihadism
American political party
adopted anti-vaccine activism and policy. The Republican Party has a persistent history of skepticism or opposition to multilateralism in American foreign
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901
to make Conroy her private secretary. As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen
Queen_Victoria
public concern over national security, public safety, organized crime, persistent distrust in political institutions, and ongoing debates about corruption
2026 Peruvian general election
2026_Peruvian_general_election
changes in paleoclimate were first suspected and the natural greenhouse effect was first identified. In the late 19th century, scientists first argued
History of climate change science
History_of_climate_change_science
French revolutionary, lawyer and politician (1758–1794)
arms in self-defence, and the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. A radical Jacobin leader, Robespierre was elected as a deputy to the National Convention
Maximilien_Robespierre
American social networking service
spring 2007 to 2008,[timeframe?] the messages were handled by a Ruby persistent queue server called Starling. Since 2009, implementation has been gradually
X_(social_network)
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
2011, respectively) that articles are dominated by the loudest and most persistent voices, usually by a group with an "ax to grind" on the topic. A 2008
Wikipedia
Chemical compound
of patients in need of it. Its main use is in those patients who have persistent disease despite surgical resection, those who are not surgical candidates
Mitotane
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
return to their villages on their own; the army, on the other hand, was persistent in using various ways to prevent this from happening, particularly in
Nakba
Fundamental teachings of Calvinism
Predestination. The five points are the following: Total depravity (also called radical corruption) asserts that as a consequence of the fall of man into sin,
Five_Points_of_Calvinism
Skin product helping to prevent sunburn
of sunscreen may be lower than the square of the single-layer SPF. The persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method is a method of measuring UVA protection
Sunscreen
Exposing of scandalous activity
failure and reprisals. Some whistleblowers speak of overwhelming and persistent distress, drug and alcohol problems, paranoid behavior at work, acute
Whistleblowing
Theory of large, discontinuous changes
of cause (involving a big, discontinuous change) and kind of effect (a persistent effect). Yet, it challenges some common assumptions in many approaches
Critical_juncture_theory
pomegranate whose tasty arils are hidden inside a tough epicarp topped by a persistent calyx shaped like a crown or, when viewed from above, like the six-pointed
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
1961 book by Frantz Fanon
seek the help of the lumpenproletariat to provide the force required to effect the expulsion of the colonists. In traditional Marxist theory, the lumpenproletariats
The_Wretched_of_the_Earth
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or
Psychedelic_drug
Earth's most severe extinction event
stress during the biotic recovery interval, with regions experiencing persistent environmental stress post-extinction recovering more slowly, supporting
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Neutral events can radically reduce genetic variation through population bottlenecks, which among other things can cause the founder effect in initially small
Natural_selection
American abolitionist and statesman (1811–1874)
establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau. The Radicals desired the immediate emancipation of slaves and persistently lobbied for it as wartime policy, but Lincoln
Charles_Sumner
Abundance of financial assets or possessions
16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. UNU-WIDER. Ropers, Richard H, Ph.D. Persistent Poverty: The American Dream Turned Nightmare. New York: Insight Books
Wealth
Chemical compound
down into short-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), which are persistent organic pollutants. HFO-1234yf was developed by a team at DuPont, led
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
previously found effect sizes. When heterogeneity is high, subsequent replications have a high probability of finding an effect size radically different than
Replication_crisis
Political movement seeking independence in Ireland
Popular perception elsewhere deemed the movement as terrorisitic – a persistent perception of republicanism thereafter. Nevertheless, the likes of Rossa
Irish_republicanism
Executive order from 2017
the state health insurance marketplaces. Some sources have described the effect of these executive actions as replacing Obamacare with a new healthcare
Executive_Order_13813
Japanese author and coup attempt leader (1925–1970)
home the same day had I felt the pressure of a smile come pushing so persistently at my lips that I had difficulty in concealing it? Why had I run so when
Yukio_Mishima
exhibit antisocial behavior only during adolescence, and the life-course-persistent offenders, who begin to behave antisocially early in childhood and continue
Developmental_theory_of_crime
the Lord. Fears of a Catholic takeover of the US have been especially persistent, prompted by large-scale Catholic immigration in the 19th century and
List_of_conspiracy_theories
Group of abolitionists who raided a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, US
and devoted to his ideas of rights and moral principle. He was firm and persistent in what he undertook, somewhat inclined to be arbitrary, and with a temper
John_Brown's_raiders
Highly carcinogenic chemical compounds
production being banned internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. The manufacture of PCBs has declined drastically
Polychlorinated_biphenyl
1979 nuclear accident in Pennsylvania
(Electric Power Research Institute). p. 8-1. Retrieved October 24, 2021. A persistent optimism existed that the damage beyond the known areas was not as bad
Three_Mile_Island_accident
Chronic multi-symptomatic pain disorder
multifactorial, and vexing symptom that is highly prevalent (76%) and stubbornly persistent, as evidenced by longitudinal studies over 5 years. Fatigue does not improve
Fibromyalgia
2019–2020 protests in India
Calls for excluding the entire Northeast from the CAA's purview have been persistent, reflecting widespread regional discontent. In Assam, only areas under
Citizenship Amendment Act protests
Citizenship_Amendment_Act_protests
American law enforcement administrator (1895–1972)
Intelligence Division, also known as the Radical Division because its goal was to monitor and disrupt the work of domestic radicals. America's First Red Scare was
J._Edgar_Hoover
Second Jewish–Roman War (115–117 CE)
Upper Egypt, to remain in his secure residence—a warning that hints at persistent danger. This correspondence, along with a subsequent letter concerning
Diaspora_Revolt
Form of sexual dysfunction in males
impotence, is a form of sexual dysfunction in males characterized by the persistent or recurring inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection with sufficient
Erectile_dysfunction
Chemical process in paper making
Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Dioxins
Bleaching_of_wood_pulp
Political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic
War, French radicals split into a left-wing party – the Radical Party of the Left, an associate of the Socialist Party – and the Radical Party "valoisien"
Republicanism
exist or that we have no way to know if God exists. Religious belief is persistent in the United States, and while someone may not act on that belief by
Religion_in_the_United_States
African Americans dates back to the colonial era, and continues to be a persistent issue in American society in the 21st century. From the arrival of the
Racism against African Americans
Racism_against_African_Americans
Spiritual speaker and writer (1895–1986)
speaking to groups and individuals around the world, hoping to contribute a radical transformation of mankind. Krishnamurti asserted that "truth is a pathless
Jiddu_Krishnamurti
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