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Method for production of hydrazine
The peroxide process is a method for the industrial production of hydrazine. In this process hydrogen peroxide is used as an oxidant instead of sodium
Peroxide_process
Chemical compound
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue liquid; however, at lower concentrations, it appears
Hydrogen_peroxide
Chemical compound
Calcium peroxide or calcium dioxide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaO2. It is the peroxide (O22−) salt of Ca2+. Commercial samples can be
Calcium_peroxide
Process for the production of hydrogen peroxide
The anthraquinone process, also called the Riedl–Pfleiderer process, is a process for the production of hydrogen peroxide, which was developed by IG Farben
Anthraquinone_process
Colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor
and hydrogen peroxide with a ketone catalyst, in a procedure called the Peroxide process (sometimes called Pechiney-Ugine-Kuhlmann process, the Atofina–PCUK
Hydrazine
Chemical treatment procedures
subset of such chemical processes that employ ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV light or a combination of the few processes. Common AOP configurations
Advanced_oxidation_process
Organic compounds of the form R–O–O–R′
Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (R−O−O−R′). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called organic hydroperoxides
Organic_peroxides
Chemical compound
Barium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula BaO2. This white solid (gray when impure) is one of the most common inorganic peroxides, and it
Barium_peroxide
Cleaning solution for contact lenses
and deposits during the disinfection process. The majority of hydrogen peroxide solutions are 3% hydrogen peroxide. This enables the solution to break
Hydrogen peroxide contact solution
Hydrogen_peroxide_contact_solution
Chemical compound
method of industrial production is the peroxide process, starting from the ketone, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide. In the laboratory, azines are typically
Azine
Chemical compound (CH3C(O)CH2CH3)
dioxime: In the peroxide process on producing hydrazine, the starting chemical ammonia is bonded to butanone, oxidized by hydrogen peroxide, bonded to another
Butanone
Chemical compound
Acetone peroxide (/æsəˈtəʊn pɛrˈɒksaɪd/ also called APEX and mother of Satan) is an organic peroxide and a primary explosive. It is produced by the reaction
Acetone_peroxide
Research field in chemistry and chemical engineering
hydrazine: NaOCl + 2 NH3 → H2N-NH2 + NaCl + H2O In the greener peroxide process, hydrogen peroxide is employed as the oxidant and the side product is water
Green_chemistry
Chemical compound
Magnesium peroxide (MgO2) is an odorless fine powder peroxide with a white to off-white color. It is similar to calcium peroxide because magnesium peroxide also
Magnesium_peroxide
Chemical compound
2 Na2O2 → 2 Na2O + O2 Commercially, sodium peroxide is produced from the elements in a two-stage process. First sodium is oxidized to sodium oxide: 4Na
Sodium_peroxide
Process for removing yellowing from ABS plastic
Retrobright (stylized as retr0bright or retrobrite) is a hydrogen peroxide–based process for removing yellowing from ABS plastics. Yellowing in ABS (acrylonitrile
Retrobright
Process to lighten the colour of teeth
delivered as either hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is analogous to carbamide peroxide as it is released when the stable complex is
Tooth_whitening
Chemical compound
hydroperoxide forms polymers known as diethyl ether peroxide, or ethylidene peroxide: The peroxide is a colorless oil that is an extremely brisant and
Diethyl_ether_peroxide
Moderately stable organic peroxide
Di-tert-butyl peroxide or DTBP is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups. It is one of the most stable organic
Di-tert-butyl_peroxide
Industrial process for electrolysis of sodium chloride
hydrochloric acid, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, or is burned for power and/or steam production. The chloralkali process has been in use since the 19th century
Chloralkali_process
Reaction(s) leading to production of (phospho)lipid peroxides
peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, resulting in the formation of peroxide
Lipid_peroxidation
Chemical compound
Peracetic Acid from Acetic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide: Experimentation and Modeling". The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering. 8 (1). Smulders, Eduard; Von
Peracetic_acid
Inorganic compounds with peroxide (O2) ions/groups
inorganic peroxide is a peroxide of an inorganic compound. Metal peroxides are metal-containing peroxides with ionically- or covalently-bonded peroxide (O2−2)
Inorganic_peroxide
Peroxide-decomposing enzyme
Peroxidases or peroxide reductases (EC number 1.11.1.x) are a large group of enzymes which play a role in various biological processes. They are named
Peroxidase
Highly reactive molecules formed from diatomic oxygen (O2)
reactive chemicals formed from diatomic oxygen (O2), water, and hydrogen peroxide. Some prominent ROS are the hydroperoxide radical or hydroperoxyl (HO2)
Reactive_oxygen_species
Chemicals used to whiten or disinfect
Jacques Thénard first produced hydrogen peroxide in 1818 by reacting barium peroxide with nitric acid. Hydrogen peroxide was first used for bleaching in 1882
Bleach
Oxidizing acid mixture containing sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide
hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid slowly, never in reverse order. This minimises the concentration of hydrogen peroxide during the mixing process, helping
Piranha_solution
Most common thermoplastic polymer
peroxides (e. g. dicumyl or di-tert-butyl peroxide) is still of major importance. In the so-called Engel process, a mixture of HDPE and 2% peroxide,
Polyethylene
Indian multinational conglomerate
Established in 1863. Britannia Industries – Established in 1918. National Peroxide Limited – Established in 1999. Apart from the listed companies, Wadias
Wadia_Group
Chemical compound
agents, the C-C and C-H bonds, diacetyl peroxide is shock sensitive and explosive. The threshold quantity for Process Safety Management per Occupational Safety
Diacetyl_peroxide
Chemical compound
Hydrazine, in the Olin Raschig process and the peroxide process Hydrogen cyanide, in the BMA process and the Andrussow process Hydroxylamine and ammonium
Ammonia
Simplest secondary alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol poses safety risks due to its flammability and potential for peroxide formation. Its ingestion or absorption leads to toxic effects including
Isopropyl_alcohol
Industrial process
The cumene process (cumene-phenol process, Hock process) is an industrial process for synthesizing phenol and acetone from benzene and propylene. The term
Cumene_process
Enzyme decomposing hydrogen peroxide
bacteria, plants, and animals) which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. It is a very important enzyme in protecting the cell
Catalase
Strongly oxidizing solution of hydrogen peroxide mixed with dissolved iron as catalyst
Iron(II) is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to iron(III), forming a hydroxyl radical and a hydroxide ion in the process. Iron(III) is then reduced back to
Fenton's_reagent
Chemical process in paper making
alkaline peroxide to selectively oxidize non-aromatic conjugated groups responsible for absorbing visible light. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed
Bleaching_of_wood_pulp
Molecule which creates reactive species when exposed to radiation
Benzoyl peroxide, much like azobisisobutyronitrile, is a white powder used as a photoinitiator in various commercial and industrial processes, including
Photoinitiator
Inflammatory disease involving a buildup of lesions in the walls of arteries
PMID 15514204. Spiteller G (November 2005). "The relation of lipid peroxidation processes with atherogenesis: a new theory on atherogenesis". Molecular Nutrition
Atherosclerosis
Chemical compound
usual polarity. The peroxide process for the industrial production of hydrazine through the oxidation of ammonia with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of
Oxaziridine
Chemical compound
Dicumyl peroxide is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5CMe2O)2 (Me = CH3). Classified as a dialkyl peroxide, it is produced on a large scale industrially
Dicumyl_peroxide
Substance dissolving a solute resulting in a solution
formed is able to react with an oxygen molecule to form a peroxide compound. The process of peroxide formation is greatly accelerated by exposure to even low
Solvent
Chemical element with atomic number 12 (Mg)
oxide may be combined with hydrogen peroxide to form magnesium peroxide, MgO2, and at low temperature the peroxide may be further reacted with ozone to
Magnesium
Process that eliminates all biological agents on an object or in a volume
stearothermophilus, which is the same MRO for both steam and hydrogen peroxide sterilization processes. The spore form of G. stearothermophilus has been well characterized
Sterilization_(microbiology)
Technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore
oxygen was necessary for the process, something that had been doubted by MacArthur, and discovered that hydrogen peroxide was formed as an intermediate
Gold_cyanidation
Chemical compound
variety of oxidation processes, like the Halcon process. It is normally supplied as a 69–70% aqueous solution. Compared to hydrogen peroxide and organic peracids
Tert-Butyl_hydroperoxide
Beetles that emit a spray when threatened
hydrogen peroxide, a common by-product of the metabolism of cells, with the hydroquinone; some of the catalases that exist in most cells make the process more
Bombardier_beetle
Organic compounds made of alkyl/aryl groups bound to oxygen (R–O–R')
processes are based on cleavage of ether bonds in the lignin. When stored in the presence of air or oxygen, ethers tend to form explosive peroxides,
Ether
react with oxygen to form several different compounds: suboxides, oxides, peroxides, sesquioxides, superoxides, and ozonides. They all react violently with
List_of_alkali_metal_oxides
Uranium concentrate powder
material then undergoes treatment with concentrated acid, alkaline, or peroxide solutions to leach out the uranium. In modern operations, approximately
Yellowcake
Practice of lightening the natural hair color
coloring. The most common commercial bleaching agents in use are hydrogen peroxide and persulfate salts, but historically other agents such as sulfuric acid
Hair_bleaching
Hot foamy substance
is a hot foamy substance caused by the quick decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using potassium iodide (KI) or yeast and warm water as a catalyst
Elephant's_toothpaste
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
Czochralski process used to make monocrystalline silicon wafers, or for depositing silicon films highly reactive liquids, such as hydrogen peroxide, fuming
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Pest control technique
concerns. Vaporized hydrogen peroxide is a dry gaseous method that has been used as a reliable alternative for aseptic processing isolators, and more recently
Fumigation
Cellulose-based semi-synthetic fiber
with sodium hypochlorite solution or hydrogen peroxide solution.[page needed] Production begins with processed cellulose obtained from wood pulp and plant
Rayon
Chemical compound
as long as a week. The reaction of ozone with hydrogen peroxide is known as the "peroxone process". This mixture has been used for some time for treating
Trioxidane
Elastomer composed of silicone
condensation cure system, a peroxide cure system, or an oxime cure system. For the platinum-catalyzed cure system, the curing process can be accelerated by
Silicone_rubber
Piece of mineral crystal used to make jewelry
by dying the gemstone once the unwanted colours are removed. Hydrogen peroxide is the most commonly used product used to alter gemstones and have notably
Gemstone
Free radical toxicity
(hydroxyl radical) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide). Short-term oxidative stress is required to initiate stress response processes in plants. Chemically, oxidative
Oxidative_stress
Products that claim to add extra oxygen to the human body
most often through a chemical process in the digestive system, like the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide or magnesium peroxide. While the FDA describes these
Liquid_oxygen_supplement
Chemical compound
aqueous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a typical oxidant. In the presence of a catalyst such as an iron or periodate compound, the hydrogen peroxide decomposes
Luminol
Chemical compound
Lead(IV) oxide, commonly known as lead dioxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PbO2. It is an oxide where lead is in an oxidation state
Lead_dioxide
Plutonium extraction process
precipitate plutonium by adding hydrogen peroxide to a dilute uranyl nitrate solution. They were then able to get the process to work, but it produced tons of
Bismuth_phosphate_process
Chemical process that transforms a latent image into a visible image
demand (COD and BOD). These chemical wastes are often treated with ozone, peroxide or aeration to reduce the COD in commercial laboratories. Exhausted fixer
Photographic_processing
Sterile food processing technique
saturated steam, superheated steam, hydrogen peroxide and heat and other treatments). Aseptic processing was derived from C. Olin Ball's heat-cool-fill
Aseptic_processing
Chemical process
this process barium oxide reacts at 500–600 °C with air to form barium peroxide which decomposes at above 800 °C by releasing oxygen. 2 BaO + O2 ⇌ 2 BaO2
Brin_process
Class of chemical compounds
called organic hydroperoxides. Such compounds are a subset of organic peroxides, which have the formula ROOR. Organic hydroperoxides can either intentionally
Hydroperoxide
Substance that can explode
Tetraazidomethane Acetone peroxide (TATP), Cumene hydroperoxide, Diacetyl peroxide, Dibenzoyl peroxide, Diethyl ether peroxide, Hexamethylene triperoxide
Explosive
Process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction
example is the effect of catalysts to speed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2 This reaction proceeds because
Catalysis
Natural process of hair turning grey or white with age
the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and abnormally low levels of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide and relieves oxidative stress
Greying_of_hair
Physical phenomenon involving organic peroxide
decomposition temperature (SADT) is the lowest temperature at which an organic peroxide in a typical vessel or shipping package will undergo a self-accelerating
Self accelerating decomposition temperature
Self_accelerating_decomposition_temperature
Compound that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules
readily oxidized. Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents
Antioxidant
Process for hardening steel
test are full immersion in 3% sodium chloride plus 3 g /L of hydrogen peroxide for 24 hours.[citation needed] The chart on the right shows a comparison
Quench_polish_quench
Designed to release oxygen in biological environments
solid inorganic peroxide and hydrogen peroxide-based systems, which release oxygen rather than simply delivering it. Solid inorganic peroxides are a family
Oxygen_generating_biomaterial
Type of compounds
Gema; Fierro, Jose L. G. (2006). "Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: An Outlook beyond the Anthraquinone Process". Angewandte Chemie International Edition.
Anthraquinones
Skin condition characterized by pimples
Treatments applied directly to the affected skin, such as azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and salicylic acid, are commonly used. Antibiotics and retinoids are available
Acne
Chemical compound
compound classified as a bicyclic monoterpenoid that has an unusual bridging peroxide functional group. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent smell and taste
Ascaridole
Chemical compound
of −2. The structure of dioxygen difluoride resembles that of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O 2, in its large dihedral angle, which approaches 90° and C2 symmetry
Dioxygen_difluoride
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
sol–gel microencapsulation has been employed to combine tretinoin/benzoyl peroxide in a single formulation while protecting tretinoin from degradation. Macroscopic
Sol–gel_process
Class of enzymes
able to mediate the oxidation of halides by hydrogen peroxide. Both halides and hydrogen peroxide are widely available in the environment. Halogenations
Haloperoxidase
Chemicals used in paper manufacturing
chlorine-free bleaching utilizes oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. This is the most environmentally friendly process since it eliminates all chlorinated pollutants
Paper_chemicals
Chemical reaction with oxidation state changes
successively: an alcohol, an aldehyde or a ketone, a carboxylic acid, and then a peroxide. The term corrosion refers to the electrochemical oxidation of metals in
Redox
Molecules that can produce radicals and catalyze radical reactions
processes such as polymer synthesis. Typical examples are molecules with a nitrogen-halogen bond, azo compounds, and organic and inorganic peroxides.
Radical_initiator
lipid peroxidation include ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide. The process of nonenzymatic peroxidation can be
Chain reactions in living organisms
Chain_reactions_in_living_organisms
Pyrotechnic composition of metal powder and metal oxide
with a salt-based oxidizer (usually nitrates, e.g., barium nitrate, or peroxides). In contrast with thermites, thermates burn with evolution of flame and
Thermite
Investigational acne drugs
likely to become outdated with time. Benzoyl peroxide/tretinoin (IDP-120) – combination of benzoyl peroxide (undefined mechanism of action) and tretinoin
List of investigational acne drugs
List_of_investigational_acne_drugs
Intermediate Chemical in H2O2 Synthesis
large-scale production of plastics. Hydrogen peroxide is produced industrially by the anthraquinone process which involves using 2-alkyl-9,10-anthraquinones
2-Ethylanthraquinone
Antibiotic
Adapalene/benzoyl peroxide Clindamycin/adapalene/benzoyl peroxide Clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide Clindamycin/tretinoin Erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide Erythromycin/isotretinoin
Tetracycline
Chemical photographic technique
a reversal process for film negatives. Within a year, Momme Andresen suggested using hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid in the process in the place
Mordançage
Silicon wafer cleaning procedure in semiconductor manufacturing
NH3) 1 part of aqueous H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide, 30%) at 75 or 80 °C typically for 10 minutes. This base-peroxide mixture removes organic residues. Particles
RCA_clean
2019 studio album by Ecco2k
Ecco2k toured Europe. On 29 January 2020, he released a music video "Peroxide", which was recorded at the Lillgrund Wind Farm. On 30 July, he released
E_(Ecco2k_album)
Type of plastic
another silane-based process, Monosil, in 1974. A process using vinylsilane followed in 1986. A basic distinction is made between peroxide crosslinking (PE-Xa)
Cross-linked_polyethylene
Hospital facility
disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde solution, peracetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide plasma. Critical items, which include any instrument which will be introduced
Central sterile services department
Central_sterile_services_department
Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone
accidentally, e.g. when waste peroxide is poured into waste solvents. Acetone occurs naturally as part of certain metabolic processes in the human body, and
Acetone
Substance added to flour to make it appear whiter
industry. Usual flour bleaching agents are: Organic peroxides (benzoyl peroxide) Calcium peroxide Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Azodicarbonamide Nitrogen
Flour_bleaching_agent
). Peroxides. Chemistry of Functional Groups. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470771730.ch6. Mimoun, Hubert (1987). "D0 [sic] metal peroxides as homolytic
Halcon_process
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
kraft process. It also plays a key role in several later stages of the process of bleaching the brown pulp resulting from the pulping process. These
Sodium_hydroxide
Composite material
cobalt, their processing time at room temperature is shorter than with epoxy-based prepregs. Catalysts (also called hardeners) include peroxides such as methyl
Pre-preg
Agent used to decompose residual chlorine after bleaching
thiosulfate, and hydrogen peroxide. In the textile industry, the antichlor is usually added right before the end of the bleaching process. Antichlors are used
Antichlor
Chemical compound
estimated annual consumption of 75 kt. TAED reacts with alkaline peroxide via the process called perhydrolysis releasing of peracetic acid. The first perhydrolysis
Tetraacetylethylenediamine
Aromatic organic chemical compound
→ C 6H 5C(CH 3) 2OOH Dicumyl peroxide is a side product. Cumene hydroperoxide is an intermediate in the cumene process for producing phenol and acetone
Cumene_hydroperoxide
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