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Rebel movement in Indonesia active from 1957 to 1961
Permesta was a rebel movement in Indonesia. It was founded on 2 March 1957 by civil and military leaders in Eastern Indonesia. Initially the center of
Permesta
Austronesian ethnic group
port in the republic. Local leaders refused and Jakarta backed down. Soon Permesta rebels confronted the central government with demands for political, economic
Minahasan_people
Province in Maluku Islands, Indonesia
developing covert support networks to the PRRI and Permesta rebels. Supported by the American, Permesta forces captures Morotai and Halmahera as well as
North_Maluku
Proclamator and Leader of the Permesta (1923-2010)
commander of KODAM VII/Wirabuana, but he is best known as the leader of the Permesta movement and their proclamators. Widya Lestari, Ningsih (2024-09-30). "Ventje
Ventje_Sumual
Indonesian military officer and rebel figure (1920–2000)
the rebel Permesta movement after the Incidents in Manado, where he encountered his own unit as his opponent. His involvement in Permesta damaged his
Alexander_Evert_Kawilarang
Revolutionary government in Sumatra (1958–1961)
Indonesia in 1958. Although frequently referred to as the PRRI/Permesta rebellion, the Permesta rebels were a separate movement in Sulawesi, that had pledged
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia
President of Indonesia from 1945 to 1967
Ahmad Hussein) and North Sulawesi (Colonel Ventje Sumual) formed the PRRI-Permesta Movement aimed at overthrowing the Jakarta government. They were joined
Sukarno
Regency in North Maluku, Indonesia
Force (AURI) kept one of the Allied-built airstrips in use. During the Permesta rebellion in 1958, AURI North American B-25 Mitchell bomber aircraft used
Morotai_Island_Regency
the Permesta rebellion in Indonesia that sought greater regional autonomy from the central government in Java. He was killed by a fractious Permesta faction
Joop_Warouw
Pro-government militia in Indonesia
abbreviated GPST, was a pro-government militia movement formed to counter the Permesta and Darul Islam rebellions in the eastern region of Central Sulawesi, particularly
Central Sulawesi Youth Movement
Central_Sulawesi_Youth_Movement
One of the Maluku Islands in Indonesia
of CIA support for the Permesta rebellion. Embarrassed, the Eisenhower administration quickly ended CIA support for Permesta and withdrew its agents
Ambon_Island
1946–1968 CIA-owned airline of the Republic of China used for covert operations
of CIA support for the Permesta rebellion. Embarrassed, the Eisenhower administration quickly ended CIA support for Permesta and withdrew its agents
Civil_Air_Transport
American military aviator (1928–2020)
distinction flying transport missions in the First Indochina War. In the Permesta rebellion in Indonesia in 1958, Pope again flew bombing missions for the
Allen_Lawrence_Pope
Anti-government militia in Indonesia
mountains. At the end of March 1958 PPK joined Permesta, where they became integrated as the Battalion 999. Permesta general Warouw, who usually mediated between
Justice_Defense_Force
Battle rifle
Present Used by See Users Wars Korean War Darul Islam rebellion Suez Crisis Permesta rebellion PRRI rebellion Congo Crisis Dominican Civil War Falklands War
FN_Model_1949
Soviet jet fighter aircraft family
Lim-5P. On 9 March 1960, an Indonesian Air Force pilot affiliated with the Permesta movement strafed several strategic locations in the capital Jakarta, including
Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17
Capital and largest city of North Sulawesi, Indonesia
II. In 1958, the headquarters of the rebel movement Permesta was moved to Manado. When Permesta confronted the central government with demands for political
Manado
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
Sumual) declared the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia-Permesta Movement aimed at overthrowing the Sukarno regime. They were joined by
Cold_War
Indonesian military general (1928–2004)
stay with Permesta. Instead, Jusuf became a spy, reporting the results of meetings to the Central Government who were suspicious that Permesta was a separatist
Mohammad_Jusuf
Province in Sulawesi, Indonesia
by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta in balance. At first the movement of the 'Permesta' (Charter of the Struggle of the Universe) was merely a movement of reform
North_Sulawesi
Aerial service branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces
action against several regional rebellions in Indonesia such as PRRI, Permesta, Darul Islam-Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) and the Republic of South
Indonesian_Air_Force
US military and paramilitary aviator
USAAF and flew bombing missions in the northern Pacific theater. In the Permesta rebellion in Indonesia in 1958 he flew bombing missions for the CIA. His
William_H._Beale
Special tactical unit of the Indonesian National Police
the Republic of South Maluku (1950), the PRRI rebellion (1953), and the Permesta (1958). As of 14 November 1961, the Mobrig changed its name to Korps Brigade
Mobile_Brigade_Corps
American WWII-era fighter aircraft
used against numerous rebellions during the 1950s, such as the CIA-backed Permesta rebels in 1958–1961. During this period, the Mustang scored the first and
North_American_P-51_Mustang
Military unit
Operation Alpha. The squadron has supported operations against the RMS and Permesta rebellions, as well as Operation Trikora and Operation Dwikora. The squadron's
11th_Air_Squadron_(Indonesia)
Airport serving Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Mapanget Airfield was seized by the Permesta rebels, with covert support from the CIA. Operating from this base, Permesta fighter aircraft launched an attack
Sam Ratulangi International Airport
Sam_Ratulangi_International_Airport
Branch of the Indonesian Navy
Padang, West Sumatera during Operation 17 August (as a response to the PPRI/Permesta revolt by several Indonesian Army officers). The purple beret was the first
Indonesian_Marine_Corps
Period of Indonesian history from 1959 to 1966
1957, Indonesia faced a series of crises, including the beginning of the Permesta rebellion in Makassar and the army takeover of authority in South Sumatra
Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia
peaceful solution to the conflict between the Indonesian government and the Permesta movement. After the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Tumbelaka
F._J._Tumbelaka
1958 Indonesian military operation
danangpratama (2020-10-12). "Operasi Penumpasan Gerakan Separatis: PRRI/Permesta". Kompaspedia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-12-02. "Kemenangan "Tentara
Operation_17_Agustus
American auto-loading carbine
Crisis Cuban Revolution Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Bay of Pigs Invasion Permesta Rebellion Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Ñancahuazú Guerrilla Six-Day
M1_carbine
Maritime service branch of the Indonesian National Armed Forces
in the year from 1950 to 1959. In operations against PRRI in Sumatra, Permesta, Darul Islam in West Java, and RMS in the Moluccas, the Navy gained lessons
Indonesian_Navy
1941 attack/bomber aircraft family by Douglas
communist leanings, the CIA started Operation Haik in 1958 to support Permesta rebels. The covert operation committed at least a dozen B-26 Invaders in
Douglas_A-26_Invader
U.S. intelligence and covert action agency
In support of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia-Permesta Movement, formed by dissident military commanders in Central Sumatera and
Central_Intelligence_Agency
Covert and paramilitary unit of the CIA
Motto Tertia Optio (English: "Third Option") Known operations Cold War Permesta Bay of Pigs Invasion Vietnam War Operation Condor Operation Cyclone Operation
Special_Activities_Center
Indonesian politician and national hero (1907–1986)
August 1945. After independence, he was part of the forces which ended the Permesta revolt of several army officers in 1958. Ministry of Education and Culture
Nani_Wartabone
came from the military. He was also one of the 51 people who declared Permesta, a rebel movement fighting against the Indonesian central government, along
Alimuddin_Daeng_Matiro
American WWII medium bomber
August 1950. They were used to bomb rebel targets during the PRRI and Permesta rebellions in 1958, where one was hit by anti-aircraft fire and three were
North_American_B-25_Mitchell
Capital and largest city of South Sumatra, Indonesia
integrated back into the form of Republic on 17 August 1950. During PRRI/Permesta rebellion, the rebel faction established Dewan Garuda (Garuda Council)
Palembang
21st Indonesian cabinet
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Dwikora_Cabinet
Vice President of Indonesia from 1945 to 1956
Universal Struggle (Permesta) movement, which asked for decentralization. In negotiations with the central government, both PRRI and Permesta listed the reunification
Mohammad_Hatta
Sixth Indonesian Cabinet
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinet
Second_Amir_Sjarifuddin_Cabinet
President of Indonesia from 1967 to 1998
Islam rebellion 426 Battalion rebellion Makassar uprising PRRI rebellion Permesta rebellion West New Guinea dispute Operation Trikora Operation Dwikora 30
Suharto
This is a list of aircraft shootdowns, dogfights and other incidents during wars since World War II. An aircraft shootdown occurs when an aircraft is struck
List_of_aircraft_shootdowns
Indonesian military General (1932–2004)
down the foundations for an all out attack on Permesta who surrendered in June 1958. After PRRI and Permesta's surrenders, Moerdani, was stationed in Aceh
L._B._Moerdani
Province in Maluku Islands, Indonesia
of CIA support for the Permesta rebellion. Embarrassed, the Eisenhower administration quickly ended CIA support for Permesta and withdrew its agents
Maluku_(province)
Indonesian military offensive during the Indonesian National Revolution
over the city and other celebrations. Petrik, Manatasi (18 May 2018). "Permesta, Serangan Umum 1 Maret, dan Ventje Sumual". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved
General Offensive of 1 March 1949
General_Offensive_of_1_March_1949
1963–1966 military conflict
community. Following the Indonesian crisis in 1958, which had included the Permesta rebellion in eastern Indonesia and the declaration of the Revolutionary
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Indonesia–Malaysia_confrontation
Calendar year
a U.S. Central Intelligence Agency operative in support of Indonesian Permesta rebels bombs the harbor at Balikpapan, Borneo, Indonesia, hitting an Indonesian
1958
Indonesian statesman and economist (1917–2001)
world. Because of this isolation, Sjafruddin permitted the Manado-based Permesta, a separate segment of the rebellion virtually autonomous from PRRI, to
Sumitro_Djojohadikusumo
American CIA paramilitary officer (1924–2003)
Conflicts World War II Guadalcanal campaign Battle of Iwo Jima Korean War Permesta Rebellion Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Awards Intelligence Star (twice)
Anthony_Poshepny
Anti-communist killings and unrest in Indonesia
in local Indonesian communities by contributing to development. During Permesta and the West New Guinea dispute, the army gained a corrupt reputation because
Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
Indonesian_mass_killings_of_1965–66
January 20, 1977) Permesta Rebellion (1958–1961) Location: Indonesia Permesta United States Indonesia Indonesian government victory Permesta surrendered to
List of wars involving the United States in the 20th century
List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States_in_the_20th_century
WW2 American light tank
of South Maluku rebellions in South Maluku, PRRI rebellions in Sumatra, Permesta rebellions in Northern Sulawesi and the fighting against the 30 September
M3_Stuart
Indonesian military operation against Republic of South Maluku
leaders of the Permesta revolt. Makassar Uprising Operation Trikora Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation Maluku sectarian conflict Permesta "First-Hand Account
Invasion_of_Ambon
State university in Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
University was begun on 1 October 1954 with only the law faculty. Then in 1957, Permesta University was started. These two smaller universities were merged to become
Sam_Ratulangi_University
Sunni Islam movement in Indonesia
this would mean PKI members sitting in the cabinet. On 2 March 1957, the Permesta rebellion broke out. Among its demands was the restoration of Mohammad
Nahdlatul_Ulama
Special forces unit of the Indonesian Army
1957–58 by the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia and Permesta. As the RPKAD, a name used in the 1960s, and expanded into a three-battalion
Kopassus
List of U.S.-backed regime change operations
Eisenhower ordered the CIA to overthrow Sukarno. The CIA supported the failed Permesta Rebellion by rebel Indonesian military officers in February 1958. CIA pilots
United States involvement in regime change
United_States_involvement_in_regime_change
Airport serving Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Invader aircraft operated by the Permesta Air Force (AUREV), based in North Sulawesi, during the height of the Permesta rebellion. In 1962, an assassination
Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport
Sultan_Hasanuddin_International_Airport
Former alternative to the United Nations
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
CONEFO
Uprising against Portuguese colonial rule in East Timor
March 1958, a group of 14 Indonesian men from a rebel movement known as Permesta (Total Struggle) fled from Kupang, West Timor, after being defeated by
1959_Viqueque_rebellion
Indonesian politician and military officer (1926–2008)
the national revolution, Ali remained in the navy and fought against the Permesta rebel movement in the late 1950s. In 1963, he was appointed Minister of
Ali_Sadikin
Former Commander in Chief of the Indonesian Air Force
service 1952–1965 Rank Air Chief Marshal Unit Aviation Battles/wars PRRI Rebellion Permesta Rebellion Operation Trikora Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
Omar_Dhani
Indonesian Air Force pilot (1932–2007)
forces in the name of Permesta. Previously, Sam had attempted to carry out economic sabotage, collect intelligence data for Permesta, provoke clashes between
Daniel_Alexander_Maukar
Polish fighter pilot
Jeka served in the Angkatan Udara Revolusioner (AUREV) air force of the Permesta rebels on Sulawesi in Indonesia. AUREV was covertly equipped and manned
Józef_Jeka
Indonesian businessman (died 2019)
copra business started, later reaching Jakarta and Surabaya. However, the Permesta rebellion happened in Sulawesi and Widjaja decided to move to Surabaya
Eka_Tjipta_Widjaja
Military unit
"Uruvikrama Ghataka" (Valiant and Deadly) Engagements Darul Islam Rebellion Permesta Rebellion Konfrontasi Operation Trikora Operation Lotus Offensive in Aceh
3rd_Air_Squadron_(Indonesia)
Union of socialist, nationalist, and religious values
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Nasakom
Italian phrase meaning "to live dangerously"
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Vivere_pericoloso
Grave of Sukarno in East Java, Indonesia
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Grave_of_Sukarno
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia / People's Struggle (PRRI / Permesta) started a rebellion in large parts of Sumatra and North Sulawesi endangering
Indonesian_Army
Javanese-Surinamese social activist (1910–1993
immigrants who doubted the stability of the new Indonesian state after the Permesta rebellion. Many left Tongar to the village of Duri in Riau province to
Salikin_Hardjo
Term used for period of Indonesian political instability from post-1949 until 1962
sometimes also used to refer other rebel groups during the time such as Permesta, Mandau Talawang Pancasila, rebellion under Andi Aziz, and Republic of
Age_of_Gerombolan
Historic site
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Bung_Karno_Seclusion_House
Indonesian Islamic militants rebellion
supported by other rebel groups that opposed the central government, like Permesta and PRRI. Members of Darul Islam had tried several times to assassinate
Darul_Islam_rebellion
War, 1955-1975 in Indochina between South Vietnam and North Vietnam Permesta Rebellion, 1958-1961 in Indonesia Laotian Civil War, 1959–1975 in Laos
List of non-international armed conflicts
List_of_non-international_armed_conflicts
City in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
rebels in Indonesia. The CIA, Taiwan and the Philippines had provided the Permesta rebels in North Sulawesi with an insurgent air force, the Angkatan Udara
Balikpapan
Parliamentary democracy era
East Indies Army, proclaimed an independent Republic of South Maluku; Permesta and PRRI rebels fought the Central government in Sulawesi and West Sumatra
Liberal democracy period in Indonesia
Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia
1930 speech by future Indonesian President Sukarno
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Indonesia_Accuses
1965 Indonesian military faction that attempted a coup
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
30_September_Movement
Chinese Indonesian lawyer and politician
to have been found guilty of anything. He was abroad in 1958 when the Permesta rebellion broke out, which implicated some of his Socialist Party colleagues
Tan_Po_Goan
Airport in Ambon, Indonesia
military airbase. During the Permesta rebellion in the 1950s, the airbase was targeted and bombed multiple times by the Permesta Air Force (AUREV), which
Pattimura_Airport
a CIA pilot captured while conducting covert operations in support of Permesta rebels in the Moluccas. With this purchase Indonesia became the very first
List of Lockheed C-130 Hercules operators
List_of_Lockheed_C-130_Hercules_operators
Military unit
its current name partly as part of the Indonesian Army response to the Permesta rebellion by select Army officers in 1957, when the 7th Territorial Army
Kodam_XIV/Hasanuddin
as a neo-colonial project, and believing Malaya supported the 1958 PRRI/Permesta rebellion in Indonesia. In July 1960, Indonesia began dedicated efforts
States and federal territories of Malaysia
States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia
Military unit
peoples of the island in the 1950s, which would worsen into the full blown Permesta rebellion in 1957. To solve the security problem in the northern half,
Kodam_XIII/Merdeka
1961–1962 Indonesian military operation
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Operation_Trikora
Incident Sukarno President of Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia Manguni Group, Permesta 9 Apr Hendrik Verwoerd Prime Minister of South Africa Johannesburg South
List of people who survived assassination attempts
List_of_people_who_survived_assassination_attempts
City in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Tomohon district with two subdistrict: Tomohon and Tombariri. During the Permesta between March 1956 and October 1961, some of the Tombariri was combined
Tomohon
Military unit
AOR. Both formations were raised in response to the threat faced by the Permesta revolt the same year as they split from the then 6th Territorial Army (established
Kodam_VI/Mulawarman
British built cargo ship sunk off Ambon
black, unmarked Douglas B-26 Invader ostensibly operated by right-wing Permesta rebels. The date is uncertain, either 28 April (according to one source)
SS_Aquila
Emergency governmental authority
following the withdrawal of American support and the failure of its and the Permesta's rebellion against the government. National Council for the Revolutionary
Provisional_government
24th cabinet of Indonesia 1966
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
Revised_Dwikora_Cabinet
American diplomat
by the Eisenhower Administration's covert support for the failed PRRI/Permesta regional uprisings in Sumatra and the Celebes. Following the capture of
Howard_P._Jones
Combined military forces of Indonesia
rebelion Barisan Sakit Hati rebelion PRRI rebellion Operation 17 Agustus Permesta rebellion Operation Trikora Insurgency in Papua Operation Cartenz's Peace
Indonesian National Armed Forces
Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces
Special forces unit of the Indonesian Air Force
rebellions of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia and Permesta (1957-1961). On 15 October 1962, based on the a decree of the CSAF, the
Korpasgat
Indonesian purging policy
National Revolution Proclamation of Independence Domestic policy APRA Ambon Permesta DI/TII Three Souths Affair Marhaenism Guided Democracy 5 July Decree Nasakom
De-Sukarnoization
Indonesian general and politician (1931–2025)
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia in Sumatra and the Permesta rebellion in Sulawesi. After quelling rebellions in different parts of
Eddie_Marzuki_Nalapraya
1941 British-built Dutch warship
Merdeka I), an amphibious landing at Kema, North Sulawesi to capture the Permesta rebel capital of Manado. She was removed from the active list in 1961.
HNLMS_Tjerk_Hiddes_(G16)
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