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Concept in population genetics
Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers. In human
Paragroup
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
multiple times, with some episodes considerably earlier than others. Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup
Haplogroup_R-M124
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
in South Asia, Anatolia, Arabian Peninsula, Europe and Central Asia. Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup
Haplogroup_R-L295
Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroup O2 (formerly O3)
Guangxi). However, this paragroup has been detected in only 3/41 = 7.3% of a sample of Lowland Kimmun from eastern Guangxi. This paragroup also has been found
Haplogroup_O-M122
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
resulted in a reorganization of the lineage in particular establishing a new paragroup (designated R-M420*) for the relatively rare lineages which are not in
Haplogroup_R1a
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
(M427/M428), and F3 (M481). These three, with F* (M89*), constitute the paragroup F(xGHIJK). They are primarily found throughout South Asia, Southeast Asia
Haplogroup_F-M89
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in North Eurasia
Balkans, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. However, the basal paragroup N* has only been found in populations indigenous to China and Cambodia
Haplogroup_N-M231
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping
Southeast Asia (including the Andaman Islands and the Philippines). Basal paragroup K2* (K-526) has been identified mostly among indigenous Australian males
Haplogroup_K2
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M215
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R-M479 is defined by the presence of the marker M479. The paragroup for the R-M479 lineage is found predominantly in South Asia, although
Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping found primarily in Asia
Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia. In addition to the basal paragroup C*, this haplogroup now has two major branches: C1 (F3393/Z1426; previously
Haplogroup_C-M130
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T. The basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains. Populations
Haplogroup_GHIJK
Group of similar haplotypes
originates from, and remains part of, a preceding single haplogroup (or paragroup). As such, any related group of haplogroups may be precisely modelled
Haplogroup
Type of paternal lineage
sometimes assumed to signify basal examples of "R1b*". However, while the paragroup R-M343 (xM73, M269, V88) is rare, it does not preclude membership of rare
Haplogroup_R1b
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
being C2 (also known as C-M217; the former Haplogroup C3). The basal paragroup, C1* (C-F3393*), has not been found in samples from living or dead males
Haplogroup_C-F3393
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
reported in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and
Haplogroup_HIJK
Human DNA groupings
Mediterranean and South Asia. The only living males reported to carry the basal paragroup K2* are indigenous Australians. Major studies published in 2014 and 2015
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
African Y-lineages, all non-African Y-lineages descend from it. No male in paragroup CT* has ever been discovered in modern populations. This means that all
Haplogroup_CT
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-V38
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Namibia, and South Africa. Paragroup E-M96* refers to lineages belonging to the E clade but which cannot be
Haplogroup_E-M96
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
of the YAP+ polymorphism. Paragroup DE* possesses neither the mutations that define haplogroup D or haplogroup E. If paragroup DE* was found in one location
Haplogroup_DE
Cemetery in Ruoqiang County, China
West Eurasian haplogroup R1a1, and one is of exceptionally rare basal paragroup K*. The geographic location of this admixing is unknown, although south
Xiaohe_Cemetery
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
subclade J-M172. J-12f2 and J-P19 are also found among the Herero (8%). Paragroup J-M304* includes all of J-M304 except for J-M267, J-M172 and their subclades
Haplogroup_J_(Y-DNA)
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
chromosomes from Indonesia to mainland Asia) or an extinction event of P-P295* paragroup in Eurasia." Moreno-Mayar JV, Vinner L, de Barros Damgaard P, de la Fuente
Haplogroup_K2a_(Y-DNA)
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular Phylogeny Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of
Haplogroup_R1
Iron Age culture of Europe
of individual Y-DNA extracted were determined to belong to either the paragroups or subclades of haplogroups R1b1a1a2 (R-M269; three examples), R1b1a1a2a1a2c1a1a1a1a1
La_Tène_culture
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
in modern populations or in ancient human remains. Previously, basal paragroup HIJK* was reported in a Mesolithic European (Magdalenian), GoyetQ-2, and
Haplogroup_IJK
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common among Native Americans
Found with low frequency in India and Pakistan. Important in Afghanistan, paragroup Q-M242 (xMEH2, xM378) was found in eight Pashtun males (3 Kabul, 4 Laghman
Haplogroup_Q-M242
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
in the Middle East or Central Asia, perhaps in Iran or Pakistan. Basal paragroup K2b* has not been identified among living males, but was detected in the
Haplogroup_K2b_(Y-DNA)
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular Phylogeny Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of
Haplogroup_J-M172
Series of mummies discovered in the Tarim Basin
Eastern Europe; the remaining one belonged to the exceptionally rare paragroup K* (M9) from Asia. The geographic location of this admixing is unknown
Tarim_mummies
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosomal Aaron Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of
Haplogroup_J-M267
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_CF
Bantu ethnic group
identified as SEA (B4a1a1-PM, F3b, and M7c1c - 10.6%), 25 or fall into the paragroup M(xD,E,M1,M2,M7) (4%) (Figure 3). The latter haplogroups are probably
Shirazi_people
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
in West Asia, Caucasus and/or the Middle East. Examples of the basal/paragroup Haplogroup IJ* (M429) were first reported in a 2012 study of genetic diversity
Haplogroup_IJ
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
as far as Southern Asia), and Europe. The most basal and rare E-M78* paragroup has been found at its highest frequencies in Egyptians from the Gurna
Haplogroup_E-V68
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M329
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_BT
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in New Guinea
(M16) M1b1b (M83) M2 (M353, M387) M2a (M177/SRY9138) M3 (P117, P118) The paragroup M-P256* is found at a low frequency in New Guinea (6.3%) and Flores (2
Haplogroup_M-P256
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-P2
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
chromosomes from Indonesia to mainland Asia) or an extinction event of P-P295* paragroup in Eurasia. Hallast P, Agdzhoyan A, Balanovsky O, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C
Haplogroup_P_(Y-DNA)
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
three new distinct branches: E-V1083*, E-V1477 and E-V259. The first is a paragroup sister to clades E-V22 and E-V13. The mutation V1477 defines a new basal
Haplogroup_E-M35
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup C-M217 Y-chromosomes, coupled with the fact that the ancestral paragroup C is not found among any of the modern Siberian or North American populations
Haplogroup_C-M217
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in South Asia and the Mediterranean
lineage, compared with only 4.8% of males from the south. Specifically, paragroup L3*-M357 accounts for the majority of the L-M20 chromosomes among Afghan
Haplogroup_L-M20
Cross-referencing different names for Human Y chromosome DNA groupings
haplogroup International Society of Genetic Genealogy Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
Conversion_table_for_Y_chromosome_haplogroups
Haplogroup O. Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in Asia
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup molecular phylogeny Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_O-M175
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
(2009). "Brief communication: Restricted geographic distribution for Y-Q* paragroup in South America". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (3):
Haplogroup_Q-M346
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-P177
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Mediterranean and southward to the Sahel and the Nile Valley. The E-V12* paragroup is also observed in Europe (e.g. amongst French Basques) and Eastern Anatolia
Haplogroup_E-V12
DNA analysis of Moroccan populations
North Africans and Middle Easterners. The most basal and rare E-M78* paragroup has been found at lower frequencies in Moroccan Arabs. The sub-clade E-V65
Genetic_studies_on_Moroccans
Y-chromosome DNA Haplogroup O1b (formerly O2)
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_O-M268
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M2
Topics referred to by the same term
not out after a batter's score In population genetics, the suffix for a paragroup of a haplogroup In historical linguistics, the prefix for a reconstructed
*_(disambiguation)
Descendant branch of haplogroup O1a (formerly O1)
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_O-M119
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_B-M60
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
subclade was found to be D-Y34637 (D1a2b). Another type (or types) of paragroup D-M174* without positive-tested subclades of D-M15, D-P47, or D-M55 is
Haplogroup_D-M174
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Ethiopia), where the majority of the deepest E-V1515 subhaplogroups and paragroups were found. In the southern part of the Horn (southern Ethiopia, Somalia
Haplogroup_E-Z827
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_D-M15
Descendant branch of haplogroup O2a (formerly O3a)
subclade. All other members of O-F8 belonged to the O-F8(xF155, F2137, F317) paragroup. Only one individual in this study (a Tay from Đức Trọng District) has
Haplogroup_O-M117
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M132
B4a1a1-PM, F3b and M7c1c clades (10.6%) and the M(xD, E, M1, M2, M7) paragroup (4%) most frequent. Since no mtDNA haplogroups linked with the Middle
Shirazis_of_the_Comoros
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_S-M230
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-P147
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M75
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_A-L1085
somewhat related to A. Ocneanu's definition of depth, his theory of paragroups, and the articles by W. Szymanski, Nikshych-Vainerman, R. Longo and others
Depth of noncommutative subrings
Depth_of_noncommutative_subrings
Human Y-chromosome haplogroup
Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Molecular phylogenetics Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world Y-DNA haplogroups
Haplogroup_E-M123
Discussion of origins of the Shirazi people who live along the Swahili coast.
identified as SEA (B4a1a1-PM, F3b, and M7c1c - 10.6%), 25 or fall into the paragroup M(xD,E,M1,M2,M7) (4%) (Figure 3). The latter haplogroups are probably
Origins_of_the_Shirazi
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