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Optical cross section (OCS) is a value which describes the maximum amount of optical flux reflected back to the source. The standard unit of measurement
Optical_cross_section
Probability of a given process occurring in a particle collision
the cross section specifies the amount of optical power scattered from light of a given irradiance (power per area). Although the cross section has the
Cross_section_(physics)
Strength of an object's radar echo
Radar cross section (RCS), denoted σ, also called radar signature, is a measure of how detectable an object is by radar. A larger RCS indicates that an
Radar_cross_section
Optical fiber designed to carry only a single mode of light, the transverse mode
multi-mode optical fiber, single-mode fiber does not exhibit modal dispersion. This is due to the fiber having such a small cross section that only the
Single-mode_optical_fiber
Optical properties of rocks and minerals
samples are prepared as thin sections or grain mounts for study in the laboratory with a petrographic microscope. Optical mineralogy is used to identify
Optical_mineralogy
Standardized protocol
Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously
Synchronous optical networking
Synchronous_optical_networking
Radar calibration satellite
new surface irregularities. Before being launched to orbit, the optical cross section of the LCS-1 was measured in L, S, C, X and K microwave bands. Four
Lincoln_Calibration_Sphere_1
Physics concept
σ is the cross section of the beam; γ is the natural linewidth of the transition. In atmospheric sciences, one often refers to the optical depth of the
Optical_depth
Imaging technique
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution imaging technique with most of its applications in medicine and biology. OCT uses coherent near-infrared
Optical_coherence_tomography
Single-mode optical fiber for linearly polarized light
in a specific linear polarization state; there is little or no cross-coupling of optical power between the two polarization modes. Such fiber is used in
Polarization-maintaining optical fiber
Polarization-maintaining_optical_fiber
Scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a sphere
used to calculate either how much light is scattered (the total optical cross section), or where it goes (the form factor). The notable features of these
Mie_scattering
Designation of part of the Saturn V rocket
indicates that the object is in a near end-over-end tumble … The optical cross-sections for the cylinder and the ends, 14 ± 2 and 5 ± 2 square meters, respectively
J002E3
Six points which determine imaging properties of an optical system
the optical axis. Such a plane is called a meridional plane; it is a cross-section through the system. An ideal, rotationally symmetric, optical imaging
Cardinal_point_(optics)
Chemical compound
internal reflection. This cross section is about 107 times larger than Thomson scattering but comparable to the optical cross section of the conduction electrons
Gallium_arsenide
Common sample preparation technique in electronics
failure. Analysis of polished cross sections can be performed with a variety of techniques. Images are commonly taken with optical microscopy and scanning electron
Cross_section_(electronics)
Theorem in physics
physics, the optical theorem is a general law of wave scattering theory, which relates the zero-angle scattering amplitude to the total cross section of the
Optical_theorem
Material which glows when excited by ionizing radiation
internal reflection. This cross section is about 107 times larger than Thomson scattering but comparable to the optical cross section of the conduction electrons
Scintillator
Arrangement of mirrors
that have different intensity patterns across the cross section of the beam. Many types of optical cavities produce standing wave modes. Different resonator
Optical_cavity
coherence tomography Optical cross section Optical decay Optical dilatometer Optical disc drive Optical downconverter Optical feedback Optical heterodyne detection
List_of_laser_articles
Shape with three distinct sides
In fibers, trilobal is a cross-section shape with three distinct sides. The shape is advantageous for optical reflective properties and is used in textile
Trilobal
Thin slice of a material prepared for microscopic examination
In optical mineralogy and petrography, a thin section (or petrographic thin section) is a thin slice of a rock or mineral sample, prepared in a laboratory
Thin_section
European mission to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2004–2016)
analysed the dust environment of the comet coma by measuring the optical cross section, momentum, speed and mass of each grain entering inside the instrument
Rosetta_(spacecraft)
Light-conducting fiber
special-purpose optical fiber is constructed with a non-cylindrical core or cladding layer, usually with an elliptical or rectangular cross-section. These include
Optical_fiber
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
An optical disc is a flat, usually disc-shaped object that stores information in the form of physical variations on its surface that can be read with
Optical_disc
Device that amplifies an optical signal
An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier
Optical_amplifier
is a term used in optical mineralogy and petrology, which describes when cross-polarized light dims, as viewed through a thin section of a mineral in a
Extinction (optical mineralogy)
Extinction_(optical_mineralogy)
Physical structure guiding light waves
is possible in multi-layer rib structures. Optical waveguides typically maintain a constant cross-section along their direction of propagation. This is
Waveguide_(optics)
Pattern of birefringence colors
angle. In optical mineralogy, a petrographic microscope and cross-polarised light are often used to view the interference pattern. The thin section containing
Conoscopic interference pattern
Conoscopic_interference_pattern
Simultaneous absorption of two photons by a molecule
∝ I2 thus it is a nonlinear optical process. Two-photon absorption is a third-order process, with absorption cross section typically several orders of
Two-photon_absorption
Fibre optic process
requirements. Another reason optical fiber recoating is attractive in submarine communications cabling is that the cross section of recoated fibers matches
Recoating
Tool used to identify minerals
thin section using a petrographic microscope. With a known thickness of the thin section, minerals have specific and predictable colours in cross-polarized
Interference_colour_chart
Part of an optical fiber that carries light
The core of a conventional optical fiber is the part of the fiber that guides the light. It is a cylinder of glass or plastic that runs along the fiber's
Core_(optical_fiber)
Optical lens that transmits images
telescopes, endoscopes, and periscopes to optically manipulate the light path, extend the length of the whole optical system, and usually serve the purpose
Relay_lens
Class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals
Photonic-crystal fiber (PCF) is a class of optical fiber based on the properties of photonic crystals. It was first explored in 1996 at University of
Photonic-crystal_fiber
Type of computer mouse
An optical mouse is a computer mouse which uses a light source, typically a light-emitting diode (LED), and a light detector, such as an array of photodiodes
Optical_mouse
Species of fungus
some spores when the light microscope objective is focused on the optical cross section but not on the spore wall surface, or on scanning electron microscopy
Tuber_oregonense
Aim markings in optical devices, e.g. crosshairs
graticule, is a pattern of fine lines or markings built into the optical path of an optical device to provide measurement references during visual inspections
Reticle
Optical microscope
microscope is a type of optical microscope used to identify rocks and minerals in thin sections. The microscope is used in optical mineralogy and petrography
Petrographic_microscope
from the scatterer to the observation point. Per the optical theorem, absorption cross section is given as: C a b s = 2 k V I m ( n ) {\displaystyle
Rayleigh–Gans_approximation
experimental techniques to measure accurate collision cross sections and by generating a large body of cross section data for elastic and inelastic scattering, ionization
Santosh_Kumar_Srivastava
Apollo spacecraft guidance system
angles to signals usable for servo control optical units, a Space Sextant for the CM and an Alignment Optical Telescope for the LM a mechanical frame, called
Apollo_PGNCS
The cross-section through the optical axis shows the grooves that limit the aberration.
Coddington_magnifier
Type of computer disk storage drive
diodes from DVD-RW drive". danyk.cz. "Cross Section of DVD+R DL Optical Media". "Cross Section of DVD+R DL Optical Media". "White Paper Blu-ray Disc™ Format
Optical_disc_drive
Transoceanic communication line placed on the seabed
2012-06-22. Retrieved 2012-08-15. "Light Reading Europe – Optical Networking – Hibernia Offers Cross-Atlantic 40G – Telecom News Wire". Lightreading.com. Archived
Submarine communications cable
Submarine_communications_cable
Ion formation via a photon interacting with a molecule or atom
photoionization cross section of the species – the probability of an ionization event conceptualized as a hypothetical cross-sectional area. This cross section depends
Photoionization
Chinese automated close-in weapons system
institution. The OFC (Optical Fire Control)-3/H/ZGJ-4 electro-optical fire control system is designed by the Central China Optronic (electro-optical) Research Institute
Type_730_CIWS
Light scattering by small particles
angle. Averaging this over all angles gives the Rayleigh scattering cross-section of the particles in air: σ s = 8 π 3 ( 2 π λ ) 4 ( n 2 − 1 n 2 + 2 )
Rayleigh_scattering
Space experiment satellite
their orientation, and because the drag coefficient, optical cross-sections, and radar cross sections of spheres are well understood. Each spherical micro
Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment
Atmospheric_Neutral_Density_Experiment
Microchip manipulating light instead of electricity
of various optically active and passive functions on the same chip. Initial examples of photonic integrated circuits were simple 2-section distributed
Photonic_integrated_circuit
Optical microscopy illumination technique
Bright-field microscopy (BF) is the simplest of all the optical microscopy illumination techniques. Sample illumination is transmitted (i.e., illuminated
Bright-field_microscopy
Fluorescence imaging technique
two-photon action cross-sections of up to 10,000 GM in the near IR region, unsurpassed by any other class of organic dyes. 3D optical data storage Nonlinear
Two-photon excitation microscopy
Two-photon_excitation_microscopy
Pair of telescopes mounted side-by-side
Trade Fair German optical designer and scientist Ernst Abbe displayed a prism telescope with two cemented Porro prisms. The optical solutions of Porro
Binoculars
Medical diagnostic method
technology that uses a tomographic optical system to obtain virtual 'slices' (a tomographic image) of specific cross section of a scanned object, allowing
Operation of computed tomography
Operation_of_computed_tomography
Compact composite lens
use segments with curved cross-sections and produce sharp images, while non-imaging lenses have segments with flat cross-sections, and do not produce sharp
Fresnel_lens
Branch of physics
Nonlinear optics (NLO) is a branch of optics that studies the case when optical properties of matter depend on the intensity of the input light. Nonlinear
Nonlinear_optics
Distortion in some communications media
circular or square cross-section), travel at different speeds due to random imperfections that break the symmetry. In multimode optical fiber with many wavelengths
Modal_dispersion
Computational electrodynamics technique
that exists in the cross section of the device. The eigenmodes are found by solving Maxwell's equations in each local cross-section. The method can be
Eigenmode_expansion
Plagioclase feldspar with 50–70% anorthite
pyroxenes, amphiboles and magnetite. Labradorite can display an iridescent optical effect (or schiller) known as labradorescence. The term labradorescence
Labradorite
French optical physicist (1788–1827)
mother's house in Mathieu. There he used his enforced leisure to begin his optical experiments. Fresnel made major contributions to several areas of physical
Augustin-Jean_Fresnel
Component of stress coplanar with a material cross section
with a material cross section. It arises from the shear force, the component of force vector parallel to the material cross section. Normal stress, on
Shear_stress
Material which alters light reflection or transmission on optics
An optical coating is one or more thin layers of material deposited on an optical component such as a lens, prism or mirror, which alters the way in which
Optical_coating
Capturing of human-marked data from document forms
Optical mark recognition (OMR) collects data from people by identifying markings on a paper. OMR enables the hourly processing of hundreds or even thousands
Optical_mark_recognition
an optical instrument used in determining the position of the planes of light-vibration in sections of crystals. The word comes from Greek for cross +
Stauroscope
Geology. Minerals and stones
sometimes accompanied by a reddish pleochroic tone visible along one optical direction. Dealers often insist that this reddish pleochroic colour must
Imperial_topaz
Optical network using a mesh topology
networks, evolved from digital cross-connect system (DCS)-based mesh architectures in the 1980s, to SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Networking/Synchronous Digital
Optical_mesh_network
Imaging and diffraction using electrons that pass through samples
may be limited by the scattering cross-section of the atoms from which the material is comprised. Before sectioning, biological tissue is often embedded
Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission_electron_microscopy
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
at a higher computing cost. Although MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), optical coherence tomography and ultrasound are transmission methods, they typically
Tomography
Optical polarization device
A waveplate or retarder is an optical device that alters the polarization state of a light wave travelling through it. Two common types of waveplates
Waveplate
Art technique of using closely-spaced parallel lines for shading
the overall image and emphasize forms creating the illusion of volume. Optically, brighter (less hatched) areas appear closer and darker (more hatched)
Hatching
Device that narrows or straightens a beam of particles or waves
, make collimated light or parallel rays), or to cause the spatial cross section of the beam to become smaller (beam limiting device). The English physicist
Collimator
American series of telescopic sights manufactured by Trijicon
Combat Optical Gunsight. Official website Japanese article with cross-section drawing of ACOG internal optical lay out US patent 4806007A Optical gun sight
Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight
Advanced_Combat_Optical_Gunsight
Controlled break of an optical fiber
A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled break, intended to create a perfectly flat end face perpendicular to the fiber's longitudinal
Cleave_(fiber)
Tower-based signaling network
An optical telegraph is a line of stations, typically towers, for the purpose of conveying textual information by means of visual signals (a form of optical
Optical_telegraph
hat. Due to diffraction, a beam cannot maintain a sharp-edged tophat cross-section for more than a short distance of propagation, and the edges of the
Tophat_beam
neutrons Foundations Neutron temperature Flux, Radiation, Transport Cross section, Absorption, Activation Neutron scattering Neutron diffraction Small-angle
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
Prompt_gamma_neutron_activation_analysis
Igneous rock-forming feldspar mineral
orthoclase in many physical properties, and can be distinguished by x-ray or optical examination. When viewed under a polarizing microscope, microcline exhibits
Microcline
Scientific law describing absorption of light
Gerhardt, Ilja (2017-11-13). "Absorption and Extinction Cross Sections and Photon Streamlines in the Optical Near-field". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 15420. arXiv:1411
Beer–Lambert_law
Physical process by which matter takes up a photon's energy and stores it
absorption coefficient divided by density The absorption cross section and scattering cross-section, related closely to the absorption and attenuation coefficients
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)
Variety of agate with blue and white banding
A cross section of a blue lace agate vein from Malawi, with a surrounding layer of pale green dolomite and a central vug coated with druzy quartz. Its
Blue_lace_agate
relation (or McCumber theory) is a relationship between the effective cross-sections of absorption and emission of light in the physics of solid-state lasers
McCumber_relation
Component that regulates flow between two fluidic ports
Schematic cross-section of a passive microvalve
Microvalve
Camera with view through the main lens
significantly different from what will be captured, due to different optics, and optical path location which changes the perspective of the viewfinder. A single-lens
Reflex_camera
Telecommunication system for establishing telephone calls
infrastructure planning tool for Next Generation Optical Access networks". 2012 16th International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling (ONDM). pp
Telephone_exchange
inversion, the continuum components from both the optical depth and from the species cross sections must be removed. This is the important “trick” of
Differential optical absorption spectroscopy
Differential_optical_absorption_spectroscopy
How much a beam expands as it travels
refers to a beam of circular cross section, but not necessarily so. A beam may, for example, have an elliptical cross section, in which case the orientation
Beam_divergence
African submarine communications cable
dispersion-shifted and non-zero dispersion-shifted. The repeaters are optical amplifier repeaters, using erbium-doped amplifiers. There are over 150
SEACOM_(African_cable_system)
in telecommunications. It is a cross-vendor, cross-technology man-machine language, and is widely used to manage optical (SONET) and broadband access infrastructure
Transaction_Language_1
Sensor-controlled optical focus
Autofocus An autofocus (AF) optical system uses a sensor, a control system and a motor to focus on an automatically or manually selected point or area
Autofocus
Optical sighting device for firearms
A telescopic sight, commonly called a scope informally, is an optical sighting device based on a refracting telescope. Sights are equipped with a referencing
Telescopic_sight
Diffraction pattern in optics
by a uniform intensity profile. The Fourier integral of the circular cross section of radius a {\displaystyle a} is ∫ 0 a r d r ∫ 0 2 π d ϕ e i k → ⋅ r
Airy_disk
Optical fiber that is made out of polymer
Plastic optical fiber (POF) or polymer optical fiber is an optical fiber that is made out of polymer. Similar to glass optical fiber, POF transmits light
Plastic_optical_fiber
Laser light source
An optical parametric amplifier, abbreviated OPA, is a laser light source that emits light of variable wavelengths by an optical parametric amplification
Optical_parametric_amplifier
Measurement method using interference of waves
technique in the fields of astronomy, fiber optics, engineering, metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, spectroscopy (and its applications
Interferometry
Optical device for recording images
to enhance image quality. Features like low-light and HDR photography, optical image stabilization, and depth-sensing became common in smartphone cameras
Camera
Optically transparent and electrically conductive material
Transparent conducting films (TCFs) are thin films of optically transparent and electrically conductive material. They are an important component in a
Transparent_conducting_film
Optical device for aiming
A reflector sight or reflex sight is an optical sight that allows the user to look through a partially reflecting glass element and see an aiming point
Reflector_sight
Fiber-optic communications technology
(WDM) is a technology which multiplexes a number of optical carrier signals onto a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths (i.e., colors)
Wavelength-division multiplexing
Wavelength-division_multiplexing
Special glass type used for optical systems
Optical glass refers to a quality of glass suitable for the manufacture of optical systems such as optical lenses, prisms or mirrors. Unlike window glass
Optical_glass
Refractive property of materials
to generate an optical vortex and full Poincaré beams (optical beams that have every possible polarization state across a cross-section). Birefringence
Birefringence
Optical quantitative imaging technique
ellipsometric contrast microscopy (SEEC) uses an upright or inverted optical microscope in a crossed polarization configuration and specific supporting plates called
SEEC_microscopy
OPTICAL CROSS-SECTION
OPTICAL CROSS-SECTION
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Male
Italian
Short form of Italian Crocifisso, or Croccifixio, CROSS means "cross; crucifix" or "way of the cross."
Boy/Male
Basque
Holy cross.
Boy/Male
Armenian
Small cross.
Male
English
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Gaelic word ros, ROSS means "headland, promontory."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Close 1.German : variant of Kloss.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a stone cross set up by the roadside or in a marketplace, from Old Norse kross (via Gaelic from Latin crux, genitive crucis), which in Middle English quickly and comprehensively displaced the Old English form crūc (see Crouch). In a few cases the surname may have been given originally to someone who lived by a crossroads, but this sense of the word seems to have been a comparatively late development. In other cases, the surname (and its European cognates) may have denoted someone who carried the cross in processions of the Christian Church, but in English at least the usual word for this sense was Crozier.Irish : reduced form of McCrossen.In North America this name has absorbed examples of cognate names from other languages, such as French Lacroix.
Boy/Male
African, Hindu, Indian
To Cross
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Cross.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wood
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French, Middle English cras ‘big’, ‘fat’ (Latin crassus).Possibly an altered spelling of German Krass.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Latin, Spanish
Cross
Girl/Female
Indian
Optional
Boy/Male
German American Scottish Shakespearean Teutonic
Red. Surname.
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a big man, from Middle High German grÅz ‘large’, ‘thick’, ‘corpulent’, German gross. The Jewish name has been Hebraicized as Gadol, from Hebrew gadol ‘large’.English : nickname for a big man, from Middle English, Old French gros (Late Latin grossus, of Germanic origin, thus etymologically the same word as in 1 above). The English vocabulary word did not develop the sense ‘excessively fat’ until the 16th century.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Holy cross.
Boy/Male
English Norse Teutonic
By the cross.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English (of Norman origin)
Scottish and English (of Norman origin) : habitational name for someone from Rots near Caen in Normandy, probably named with the Germanic element rod ‘clearing’. Compare Rhodes. This was the original home of a family de Ros, who were established in Kent in 1130.Scottish and English : habitational name from any of various places called Ross or Roos(e), deriving the name from Welsh rhós ‘upland’ or moorland, or from a British ancestor of this word, which also had the sense ‘promontory’. This is the sense of the cognate Gaelic word ros. Known sources of the surname include Roos in Humberside (formerly in East Yorkshire) and the region of northern Scotland known as Ross. Other possible sources are Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, Ross in Northumbria (which is on a promontory), and Roose in LancashireEnglish and German : from the Germanic personal name Rozzo, a short form of the various compound names with the first element hrÅd ‘renown’, introduced into England by the Normans in the form Roce.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses, from Middle High German ros, German Ross ‘horse’; perhaps also a nickname for someone thought to resemble a horse or a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a horse.Jewish : Americanized form of Rose 3.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Gaelic, German, Irish, Latin, Scandinavian, Scottish, Teutonic
Red Haired; Headland; Red; Surname; Wood; Rose; Having a Big Heart
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