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Open-source economics is an economic platform based on open collaboration for the production of software, services, or other products. First applied to
Open-source_economics
Source code made freely available
Open source typically refers to software whose source code is made available, enabling use, modification, and redistribution. It is primarily associated
Open_source
Freely licensed software with open code
Free and open-source software (FOSS) is software available under a license that gives users the right to use, share, modify, and distribute the software
Free_and_open-source_software
Hardware from the open-design movement
Open-source hardware (OSH, OSHW) consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open-design movement. Both free and open-source
Open-source_hardware
Software licensed to ensure source code usage rights
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study,
Open-source_software
Business models that can be compatible with open source software projects
of open-source software (OSS) employ a variety of business models to solve the challenge of making profits from software that is under an open-source license
Business models for open-source software
Business_models_for_open-source_software
Open collaboration movement supporting open-source licenses
The open-source software movement is a social movement that supports the use of open-source licenses for some or all software, as part of the broader
Open-source_software_movement
Movement for publicly shared designs
information. This includes the making of both free and open-source software (FOSS) as well as open-source hardware. The process is generally facilitated by
Open-design_movement
Model of localised production
objects are produced in an open, collaborative and distributed manner and based on open design and open-source principles. Open manufacturing combines the
Open_manufacturing
An Open Source Program Office (OSPO) is a department formed by subject-matter experts involved in free and open software. This team may also oversee the
Open_Source_Program_Office
This is a list of open-source software to be used for high-order mathematical calculations. This software has played an important role in the field of
List of open-source software for mathematics
List_of_open-source_software_for_mathematics
Free/open-source software – the source availability model used by free and open-source software (FOSS) – and closed source are two approaches to the distribution
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
Comparison_of_open-source_and_closed-source_software
Social science studying goods and services
Economics (/ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks, ˌiːkə-/) is a social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses
Economics
The history of free and open-source software begins at the advent of computer software in the early half of the 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s,
History of free and open-source software
History_of_free_and_open-source_software
Free licensed works in any field
Mikko. "Copyleft – the economics of Linux and other open-source software" (PDF). Discussion Paper No. 493. Department of Economics, University of Helsinki
Free_content
Book on development of open source laboratory hardware by Joshua Pearce
lab, and his various studies on the economics of printing lab equipment, such as a PLOS ONE article on open-source optics have generally found over 90%
Open-Source_Lab_(book)
Method of producing value
collective invention, a model of open innovation in economics coined by Robert Allen. Also related: Open-source economics and Commercial use of copyleft
Commons-based_peer_production
Independent software derived from existing software
Nyman, Linus (2015). Understanding Code Forking in Open Source Software (PhD). Hanken School of Economics. p. 57. hdl:10138/153135. Where practitioners have
Fork_(software_development)
Energy system models that are open source
Open energy-system models are energy-system models that are open source. Some may use third-party proprietary software as part of their workflows. These
Open_energy_system_models
Software license
2024. Retrieved June 13, 2024. Kshetri, Nir (8 January 2025). "Economics of Open Source Software and AI Models". Computer. Vol. 58, no. 1. pp. 134–141
Business_Source_License
Online textbook under an open license
"Outstanding Business Reference Sources: The 2010 Selection of Recent Titles". The categories of business and economics open textbooks from Flat World Knowledge's
Open_textbook
Book by Don Tapscott
Human-based computation Linux Mutualism (economic theory) Open business Open-source economics Participatory organization Stigmergy The Cathedral and the
Wikinomics
Social movement
Movement of India International Centre for Free and Open Source Software (ICFOSS) Free Software and Open Source Foundation for Africa Free Software Foundation
Free_software_movement
Open Source Information System (OSIS) is the former name of an American unclassified network serving the U.S. intelligence community with open source
Open Source Information System
Open_Source_Information_System
Software released under a license restricting rights
subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary
Proprietary_software
developed as proprietary closed source software products, with the source code treated as a trade secret (unlike open-source video games). When there is no
List of commercial video games with later released source code
List_of_commercial_video_games_with_later_released_source_code
German organization promoting open source software
The Open Source Business Alliance - Bundesverband für digitale Souveränität e.V. (OSBA) is a German non-profit that operates Europe's biggest network
Open_Source_Business_Alliance
Open-source business simulation game
water and air. It is an open-source remake and expansion of the 1995 Chris Sawyer video game Transport Tycoon Deluxe. OpenTTD duplicates most features
OpenTTD
The economics of open data refers to the production, or loss, of wealth related to the use of open data. The cost of open data is a primary concern that
Economics_of_open_data
Group of macroeconomic theories
Keynesian economics (/ˈkeɪnziən/ KAYN-zee-ən; sometimes Keynesianism, named after British economist John Maynard Keynes) are the various macroeconomic
Keynesian_economics
Israeli-American technology law expert, political economist, and author
at Pop!Tech 2005 Yochai Benkler at TED Yochai Benkler on the new open-source economics, a TED talk (TEDGlobal 2005) The Penguin and The Leviathan: The
Yochai_Benkler
The economics of open science describe the economic aspects of making a wide range of scientific outputs (e.g., publications, data, software) to all levels
Economics_of_open_science
Public decentralised layer-1 blockchain platform
name introduced in the first white paper. Internet portal Economics portal Free and open-source software portal Durov, Nikolai (2021). "TON Whitepaper"
TON_(blockchain)
Ethical dilemma
open copyleft license is used or if the copyleft license is de facto a commercial one, restricting certain use cases. The economics for free and open
Commercial use of copyleft works
Commercial_use_of_copyleft_works
Approach to economics
Neoclassical economics is an approach to economics in which the production, consumption, and valuation (pricing) of goods and services are observed as
Neoclassical_economics
Open learning resource
availability of source files, the editable formats from which final resources are derived, leading by extension to the proposed notion of "Open Source Educational
Open_educational_resources
Academic journal
Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics is an open access peer-reviewed academic journal of economics, published by SpringerOpen on behalf of the Swiss
Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics
Swiss_Journal_of_Economics_and_Statistics
Software licensed to ensure access to source code
modified, but without necessarily meeting the criteria to be called open-source. The licenses associated with the offerings range from allowing code
Source-available_software
initiative promotes the use of open-source software and open data in energy modelling for research and policy advice. The Open Energy Modelling Initiative
Open Energy Modelling Initiative
Open_Energy_Modelling_Initiative
Cryptocurrency
Litecoin (Abbreviation: LTC) is a cryptocurrency and open-source software project. Litecoin was the first cryptocurrency after bitcoin, starting in October
Litecoin
European open standard think tank
for open source, open source software security, the economics of open source, and supporting the green transition through open source solutions. OpenForum
OpenForum_Europe
Economics education organisation
Curriculum Open-Access Resources in Economics Project (CORE Econ) is an organisation that creates and distributes open-access teaching material on economics. The
CORE_Econ
Systems with external interactions
definition of an open system assumes that there are supplies of energy that cannot be depleted; in practice, this energy is supplied from some source in the surrounding
Open_system_(systems_theory)
Academic journal
Real-World Economics Review is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal of heterodox economics published by the "Post-Autistic Economics Network".
Real-World_Economics_Review
Public university in England
The London School of Economics and Political Science, commonly known as the London School of Economics (LSE), is a public research university in London
London_School_of_Economics
Turkish-American economist (born 1967)
Economics (RePEc) data. According to the Open Syllabus Project, Acemoglu is the third most frequently cited author on college syllabi for economics courses
Daron_Acemoglu
1990s software development essay and book by Eric S. Raymond
The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (abbreviated CatB) is an essay, and later a book, by Eric
The_Cathedral_and_the_Bazaar
Branch of economics covering theories of money
Monetary economics is the branch of economics that studies the nature, role, and impact of money and monetary institutions. It provides a framework for
Monetary_economics
Interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems
Ecological economics, bioeconomics, ecolonomy, eco-economics, or ecol-econ is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research
Ecological_economics
Market failure benefitting non-paying users
In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources
Free-rider_problem
Rare schools of economic thought
Heterodox economics is a broad, relative term referring to schools of economic thought which are not commonly perceived as belonging to mainstream economics. There
Heterodox_economics
Vietnamese and English. It has an Open Source Education portal available to everyone in the world similar to MIT OpenCourseWare and actually very influenced
Fulbright Economics Teaching Program
Fulbright_Economics_Teaching_Program
of Machine Learning Research Journal of Object Technology Journal of Open Source Software Journal of Statistical Software Logical Methods in Computer
List_of_open-access_journals
American computer scientist
created The Open Source Definition and published the first formal announcement and manifesto of open source. He co-founded the Open Source Initiative (OSI)
Bruce_Perens
Indian economist and writer
received a BA in philosophy, politics and economics in 1992, he was a Rhodes scholar, and received an MSc in Economics in 1994. Sanyal began working in financial
Sanjeev_Sanyal
French research institute
The Paris School of Economics (PSE; French: École d'économie de Paris) is a French research institute in the field of economics. It offers MPhil, MSc
Paris_School_of_Economics
Economic view of human attention as a commodity
maximize the time and attention their users give to their product. Attention economics is an approach to the management of information that treats human attention
Attention_economy
Golf tournament held in the UK
The Open Championship, often referred to as The Open or the British Open outside of the UK, is the oldest golf tournament in the world, and one of the
The_Open_Championship
Unrestricted availability of scholarly publications
Economics (RePEc), is a collaborative effort of over 100 volunteers in 45 countries. The Public Knowledge Project in Canada developed the open-source
Open_access
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's book
Women and Economics – A Study of the Economic Relation Between Men and Women as a Factor in Social Evolution is a book written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Women_and_Economics
Non-profit organisation promoting free and reusable access to knowledge
Transparency Open Access Open Bibliography Open Definition Open Design & Hardware Open Development Open Economics Open Education OpenGLAM Open Government
Open_Knowledge_Foundation
This glossary of economics is a list of definitions containing terms and concepts used in economics, its sub-disciplines, and related fields. Contents:
Glossary_of_economics
Study of an economy as a whole
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole. This includes
Macroeconomics
Peer-reviewed academic journal
"Source details: American Journal of Economics and Sociology". Scopus Preview. Elsevier. Retrieved 2020-05-21. "Journals Ranked by Impact: Economics"
The American Journal of Economics and Sociology
The_American_Journal_of_Economics_and_Sociology
his most well-known book is The Success of Open Source, on the economy and motivations behind open source and free software. There he proposes the concept
Steven_Weber_(professor)
Energy collected from renewable resources
energy sources are those that have a fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power. In contrast, controllable renewable energy sources include
Renewable_energy
School of economic thought
Marxian economics, or the Marxian school of economics, is a heterodox school of political economic thought. Its foundations can be traced back to Karl
Marxian_economics
Australian economist and author (born 1953)
neoclassical economics as inconsistent, unscientific, and empirically unsupported. Keen was formerly an associate professor of economics at University
Steve_Keen
German think tank
Publishing, IZA World of Labor, an open access resource providing empirically founded research articles on labor economics for a non-academic readership.
IZA Institute of Labor Economics
IZA_Institute_of_Labor_Economics
Topics referred to by the same term
communications infrastructure and services Open access (economics), non-excludable resources in economics Open Access (UK and Ireland TV channels), a set
Open_access_(disambiguation)
Open access distributed with no fees to author and reader
Alternative labels include platinum open access, non-commercial open access, cooperative open access or, more recently, open access commons. While these terms
Diamond_open_access
Academic journal
2023. "Economics & Philosophy". MIAR: Information Matrix for the Analysis of Journals. University of Barcelona. Retrieved 19 February 2023. "Source details:
Economics_&_Philosophy
Publishing arm of the University of Cambridge
(Economics – 2010) Peter Diamond (Economics – 2010) Christopher A. Sims (Economics – 2011) Alvin E. Roth (Economics – 2012) Angus Deaton (Economics –
Cambridge_University_Press
Study of happiness and quality of life
The economics of happiness or happiness economics is the theoretical, qualitative and quantitative study of happiness and quality of life, including positive
Happiness_economics
Academic journal
2023, it is being published as open access, under the Subscribe to Open model. The Annual Review of Financial Economics was first published in 2009 by
Annual Review of Financial Economics
Annual_Review_of_Financial_Economics
American physician-scientist and health economist (born 1968)
earned his M.D. and Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University. He does not practice medicine but specializes in health economics. Bhattacharya was a professor
Jay_Bhattacharya
Public university in Russia
экономики», ВШЭ), officially the National Research University Higher School of Economics (Russian: Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»)
Higher_School_of_Economics
Open culture movement
Open education is an international learning standards and education policy open standards movement based on open source openness. It was created inspired
Open_education
on an asset with stochastic volatility is considered an open problem in financial economics.[citation needed] Home bias in trade puzzle: The home bias
List of unsolved problems in economics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_economics
Constant capital and population size
License 3.0. Taylor, Timothy; et al. (2014). Principles of Economics (PDF). Houston: OpenStax College. ISBN 978-1-938168-23-9. Schmitz, John E.J. (2007)
Steady-state_economy
1975 book by Thomas Sowell
Race and Economics is a book by Thomas Sowell, in which the author analyzes the relationship between race and wealth in the United States, specifically
Race_and_Economics
Sub-field of economics
Environmental economics is a sub-field of economics concerned with environmental issues. It has become a widely studied subject due to growing environmental
Environmental_economics
First-hand account of information
a primary source (also called an original source) is an artifact, document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, recording, or any other source of information
Primary_source
System in which parties engage in transactions according to supply and demand
In economics, a market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.
Market_(economics)
Economic effect
In economics, a spillover is a positive or a negative, but more often negative, impact experienced in one region or across the world due to an independent
Spillover_(economics)
Book by Carl Menger (1871)
Principles of Economics (German: Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre; 1871) is a book by economist Carl Menger which is credited with the founding of
Principles of Economics (Menger book)
Principles_of_Economics_(Menger_book)
Behavior of individuals and firms
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of individuals and firms in making decisions regarding the allocation of scarce resources
Microeconomics
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
all books on economics in the period. As Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations had during an earlier period, Mill's Principles dominated economics teaching. In
Market_socialism
Field that examines the structure of firms and markets
Contract Based approach (aka IOCB)”, Open Source Textbook The RAND Journal of Economics International Journal of the Economics of Business and issue preview
Industrial_organization
1990 open letter by Western economists
1990, an open letter to then President of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev was published and signed by a rank of thirty Western sources, most of whom
Open_letter_to_Gorbachev
Bibliographic database for economics
rankings Economics rankings IDEAS/RePEc EDIRC database About Open Access - The RePEc Blog RePEc in October 2018 Female representation in Economics Christian
Research_Papers_in_Economics
Book by Henry Hazlitt
Economics in One Lesson is an introduction to economics written by Henry Hazlitt and first published in 1946. It is based on Frédéric Bastiat's essay
Economics_in_One_Lesson
File transfer software for Windows
Microsoft Windows. The WinSCP project has released its source code on GitHub under an open source license, while the program itself is distributed as proprietary
WinSCP
Digital good that is non-excludable and non-rival
identity systems or data exchange. Digital public goods are generally open source or free cultural works that are intended to contribute to sustainable
Digital_public_goods
Study of the development of social production
comparative economy – is an interdisciplinary field in political science and economics that studies the relationship between political and economic systems,
Political_economy
School of economic thought
The Austrian school of economics is a school of economic thought that advocates strict adherence to methodological individualism, the concept that social
Austrian_school_of_economics
Professional association
Review), and real-world economics review. It also publishes books, has a bimonthly newsletter,[user-generated source?] and hosts open access, online conferences
World_Economics_Association
Political ideology promoting free-market capitalism
Paradigms in Economics". Foreign Policy in Focus. Retrieved March 25, 2017. Gerstle (2022), pp. 10–12, 149:"The collapse of communism, then, opened the entire
Neoliberalism
Things or services that satisfy human wants
In economics, goods are anything that is good, usually in the sense that it provides welfare or utility to someone. Goods can be contrasted with bads
Goods
as OSS, FOSS, and FLOSS, have been a recurring issue among free and open-source software users from the late 1990s onwards. These terms share almost
Alternative terms for free software
Alternative_terms_for_free_software
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
Boy/Male
English French American
Open.
Female
English
English short form of Latin Penelope, PEN means "weaver of cunning."
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Male
Welsh
 Modern Welsh form of Old Welsh Owain, OWEN means "born of yew." Compare with another form of Owen.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Penn.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for a clerk or penman, from Dutch pen ‘pen’.Cambodian : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Middle English sour ‘sour’, ‘tart’, used as a nickname for a sour-tempered, sharp-tongued person.
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Male
Welsh
Variant form of Welsh Owen, possibly OUEN means "born of yew."
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Male
Swedish
Norwegian and Swedish form of Old Norse Óðinn, ODEN means "poetry, song" and "eager, frenzied, raging."
Male
Swedish
Swedish name derived from Old Norse stúra, STURE means "obstinate."
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Eóghan, OWEN means "born of yew." Compare with another form of Owen.
Boy/Male
English
Open.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : ethnic name for someone from Prussia, Middle English Spruce, Sprewse. Compare German Preuss. The adjective spruce ‘neat’, ‘dapper’, which probably derives from an attributive use of the name of the country, is not recorded until the late 16th century, too late for it to be a likely source of the surname. The tree (earlier called spruce fir) has likewise only come to be known by this name in the last couple of centuries.
Boy/Male
Celtic Welsh
Son of Owen.
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name PEN-CHAN means "full moon."
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Boy/Male
English French
Open.
Boy/Male
Welsh
Son of Owen.
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
Biblical
a miracle of God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Latin
Goddess of shepherds and flocks.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Fortunate
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Mountain Valley
Male
Egyptian
, Osiris.
Boy/Male
Christian, Hindu, Indian
Elamaran All
Female
Slovene
Feminine form of Slovene Jožef, JOŽEFA means "(God) shall add (another son)."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Human, Born of Manu, Woman
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
OPEN SOURCE-ECONOMICS
v. t. & i.
To open.
a.
Not concealed or secret; not hidden or disguised; exposed to view or to knowledge; revealed; apparent; as, open schemes or plans; open shame or guilt.
n.
Source. See Source.
v. t.
To spread; to expand; as, to open the hand.
v. t.
To make or set open; to render free of access; to unclose; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fastening or covering from; as, to open a door; to open a box; to open a room; to open a letter.
a.
Open.
n.
Open or unobstructed space; clear land, without trees or obstructions; open ocean; open water.
a.
Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing water ways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; -- used of the weather or the climate; as, an open season; an open winter.
v. i.
To have origin or source; to rise; to spring.
a.
Free; disengaged; unappropriated; as, to keep a day open for any purpose; to be open for an engagement.
a.
Free of access; not shut up; not closed; affording unobstructed ingress or egress; not impeding or preventing passage; not locked up or covered over; -- applied to passageways; as, an open door, window, road, etc.; also, to inclosed structures or objects; as, open houses, boxes, baskets, bottles, etc.; also, to means of communication or approach by water or land; as, an open harbor or roadstead.
v. t.
To enter upon; to begin; as, to open a discussion; to open fire upon an enemy; to open trade, or correspondence; to open a case in court, or a meeting.
a.
Produced by an open string; as, an open tone.
a.
Having the mouth open; gaping; hence, greedy; clamorous.
a.
With eyes widely open; watchful; vigilant.
a.
Not drawn together, closed, or contracted; extended; expanded; as, an open hand; open arms; an open flower; an open prospect.
a.
Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration; as, an open account; an open question; to keep an offer or opportunity open.
v. t.
To loosen or make less compact; as, to open matted cotton by separating the fibers.
a.
Taking place in the open air; outdoor; as, an open-air game or meeting.
a.
Free or cleared of obstruction to progress or to view; accessible; as, an open tract; the open sea.