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Disputed
The Oort limit is a theoretical location at the outer limits of the Oort cloud, where the amount of comets and minor planets orbiting the Sun drops drastically
Oort_limit
Dutch astronomer (1900–1992)
" The Oort cloud, the Oort constants, Oort Limit, an impact crater on Pluto (Oort), and the asteroid 1691 Oort were all named after him. Oort was born
Jan_Oort
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
border of the interplanetary medium to interstellar space. The theorized Oort cloud – the source for long-period comets – extends from somewhere beyond
Solar_System
Distant planetesimals in the Solar System
The Oort cloud (pronounced /ɔːrt/ ORT or /ʊərt/ OORT), sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a cloud of billions of icy planetesimals
Oort_cloud
Large, round non-stellar astronomical object
stellar mass limit is estimated to be around 75 to 80 times that of Jupiter (MJ). Some authors advocate that this be used as the upper limit for planethood
Planet
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
eccentric in order to better characterize Jupiter's polar regions and to limit its exposure to the planet's harsh inner radiation belts, limiting close
Io_(moon)
Observed discrepancy in galactic angular momenta
1093/mnras/239.2.651. Primary research report discussing Oort limit, and citing original Oort 1932 study. Begeman, K. G.; Broeils, A. H.; Sanders, R.H
Galaxy_rotation_curve
Planets visible to the naked eye
Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Formation Merging stars Protoplanetary disk Ring system Roche limit vs
Classical_planet
Surname list
Oort limit, theoretical edge of the Oort cloud 1691 Oort (1956 RB), a main-belt asteroid Adam van Oort (1561/62–1641), Flemish painter Bart van Oort (born
Oort_(surname)
moon Nereid. 1950 – Jan Oort suggests the presence of a cometary reservoir in the outer limits of the Solar System, the Oort cloud. 1951 – Gerard Kuiper
Timeline of Solar System astronomy
Timeline_of_Solar_System_astronomy
Overview of and topical guide to the Solar System
regions Extreme trans-Neptunian objects Detached objects Sedna Leleākūhonua Oort cloud Heliosphere Heliopause Boundaries From largest to smallest structure:
Outline_of_the_Solar_System
moon of Pluto. In 1950 Jan Oort suggested the presence of a cometary reservoir in the outer limits of the Solar System, the Oort cloud, and in 1951 Gerard
Historical models of the Solar System
Historical_models_of_the_Solar_System
Vast, theoretical circumstellar disc
cloud (also called the inner Oort cloud and inner cloud) is a theoretical vast circumstellar disc, interior to the Oort cloud and roughly aligned with
Hills_cloud
Distant body in the outer Solar System
astronomers instead referred to it as the first known member of the inner Oort cloud, as its perihelion at 76.2 AU (11.4 billion km) is far too distant
Sedna_(dwarf_planet)
Cancelled NASA space telescope
data to understand four topics: fundamental galactic parameters, the Oort Limit, disk mass potential, and mass of the Galaxy to large radii. The first
Space_Interferometry_Mission
Group of trans-Neptunian objects
orbits. Some astronomers consider the sednoids to be Inner Oort Cloud (IOC) objects. The inner Oort cloud, or Hills cloud, lies at 1,000–10,000 AU from the
Sednoid
European Space Agency scientific satellite
halo and thick disk the local density of matter in the Galaxy and the Oort limit ice age epochs and the Sun's path through the Galaxy local kinematics
Hipparcos
Natural object in space that releases gas
middle of the Solar System—the Sun, all the way to outer limits of the Kuiper Belt. The Oort cloud consists of viable materials necessary for the creation
Comet
Observatory for Oort Cloud objects
mission goals included directly detecting the Oort cloud for the first time and determining the outer limit of the Kuiper belt. Whipple would be designed
Whipple_(spacecraft)
Solar system objects beyond Neptune
explain several observed or speculated features of the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. It was recently proposed to use ranging data from the New Horizons
Trans-Neptunian_object
American astronomer
Oort cloud Oort limit Outer space Planet Disrupted Migration System Planetesimal Formation Merging stars Protoplanetary disk Ring system Roche limit vs
Craig_Chester_(astronomer)
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
observed. Dutch radio astronomy pioneer Jan Oort also hypothesized the existence of dark matter in 1932. Oort was studying stellar motions in the galactic
Dark_matter
Hypothetical gas giant in the Oort cloud
Tyche (/ˈtaɪki/) was a hypothetical gas giant located in the Solar System's Oort cloud, first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick Whitman
Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)
Oort cloud comet
Comet ISON, formally known as C/2012 S1, was a sungrazing comet from the Oort cloud which was discovered on 21 September 2012 by Vitaly Nevsky (Віталь
Comet_ISON
Area of the Solar System beyond the planets, comprising small bodies
as 100 AU from the Sun. The Kuiper belt is distinct from the hypothesized Oort cloud, which is believed to be a thousand times more distant and mostly spherical
Kuiper_belt
Scenario for the dynamical evolution of the Solar System
the Late Heavy Bombardment of the inner Solar System, the formation of the Oort cloud, and the existence of populations of small Solar System bodies such
Nice_model
Collection of bodies in the extreme Solar System
of trans-Neptunian objects, the Oort cloud, has been hypothesized, although no confirmed direct observations of the Oort cloud have been made. Some researchers
Scattered_disc
Grouping of stars by similar metallicity
populations. In the abstract of the article by Baade, he recognizes that Jan Oort originally conceived this type of classification in 1926. Baade observed
Stellar_population
All of space observable from the Earth at the present
or whether there is anything to be detected. It refers to the physical limit created by the speed of light itself. No signal can travel faster than light
Observable_universe
Largest known Oort cloud comet
Bernardinelli–Bernstein, or just Bernardinelli–Bernstein (nicknamed BB), is a large Oort cloud comet discovered by astronomers Pedro Bernardinelli and Gary Bernstein
C/2014 UN271 (Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
C/2014_UN271_(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
Hypothetical Solar System planet
inner Oort cloud acquired ≈440 planetesimals through the same encounter. The 8 meter Subaru Telescope has achieved a 27.7 magnitude photographic limit with
Planet_Nine
Small Solar System body
from the Oort cloud, with a roughly equal probability of being an extinct comet and a rocky body that was originally scattered into the Oort cloud. The
1996_PW
Mathematics award
time of the award Wiles was over the age limit for the Fields medal. Although Wiles was slightly over the age limit in 1994, he was thought to be a favorite
Fields_Medal
Tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy
of dwarf or satellite galaxies, and the Milky Way's tidal effect on the Oort cloud of the Solar System. Tidal forces are dependent on the gradient of
Galactic_tide
Void between celestial bodies
paths at one point remain parallel as they travel through space to the limit of the observable universe, except for local gravity. The flat universe
Outer_space
Astronomical object not gravitationally bound to a star
Current models of Oort cloud formation predict that more comets are ejected into interstellar space than are retained in the Oort cloud, with estimates
Interstellar_object
Oort cloud comet
C/2024 E1 (Wierzchoś) is a hyperbolic Oort cloud comet, discovered on 3 March 2024 by Polish astronomer Kacper Wierzchoś. It reached perihelion on 20 January
C/2024_E1_(Wierzchoś)
into two regions: a disc-shaped inner Oort cloud and a spherical outer Oort cloud. The outer limit of the Oort cloud is often considered the cosmographical
Glossary_of_astronomy
Solar System continues into the Kuiper belt, the scattered disc, and the Oort cloud, three sparse populations of small icy bodies thought to be the points
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Scientific projections regarding the far future
Sun before moving away. This will gravitationally perturb members of the Oort cloud, a halo of icy bodies orbiting at the edge of the Solar System, thereafter
Timeline_of_the_far_future
Indian-American physicist (1910–1995)
Chandrasekhar revised the models of stellar dynamics first outlined by Jan Oort and others by considering the effects of fluctuating gravitational fields
Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar
Parabolic comet
System (ATLAS). The comet is dynamically new, having come directly from the Oort cloud. With perihelion only 0.33 AU (49 million km; 31 million mi) from the
C/2025_K1_(ATLAS)
Trans-Neptunian object
double the outer limit of the torus-shaped Kuiper belt that lies outside Neptune's orbit. Far beyond this region is the vast spherical Oort cloud enshrouding
2015_TH367
Hypothetical planets further than Neptune
was a hypothetical gas giant proposed to be located in the Solar System's Oort cloud. It was first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick
Planets_beyond_Neptune
Scenario of giant planet migration
orbits during the giant planet migration are captured in the Oort cloud. The outer Oort cloud, semi-major axes greater than 20,000 AU, forms quickly as
Jumping-Jupiter_scenario
Spectral line of hydrogen state transition in UHF radio frequencies
Galactic Center. These discoveries were published in 1940 and were noted by Jan Oort who knew that significant advances could be made in astronomy if there were
Hydrogen_line
Pulsar in the constellation Taurus
(318): 91. Bibcode:1942PASP...54...91D. doi:10.1086/125409. Mayall, N. U.; Oort, Jan Hendrik (1942). "Further Data Bearing on the Identification of the Crab
Crab_Pulsar
Librairie Universitaire, Louvain, Paris: GauthierVillars, pp. 87–111, MR 0148665 Oort, Frans (1966), Commutative group schemes, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol
Cartier_duality
Measure of a civilization's evolution
masters local space travel could colonize its planetary system and even the Oort cloud without needing an amount of energy that would make it Type II. This
Kardashev_scale
Theorem in complex analysis
The Legacy of Bernhard Riemann After 150 Years (2015) (ed. by L. Ji, F. Oort, S.-T. Yau), Beijing-Boston: Higher Education Press and International Press
Riemann's_existence_theorem
Comet that had a close encounter with Mars in 2014
C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) is an Oort cloud comet discovered on 3 January 2013 by Robert H. McNaught at Siding Spring Observatory using the 0.5-meter (20 in)
C/2013_A1_(Siding_Spring)
Swiss mathematician (1655–1705)
Schweiz. Retrieved 20 May 2016. Kruit, Pieter C. van der (2019). Jan Hendrik Oort: Master of the Galactic System. Springer. p. 639. ISBN 978-3-030-17801-7
Jacob_Bernoulli
Dynamical class of minor planets
that may also be inner Oort cloud objects or (more likely) transitional objects between the scattered disc and the inner Oort cloud. Although Sedna is
Detached_object
Electromagnetic radiation
of radiation was first detected in the Crab Nebula in 1956 by Jan Hendrik Oort and Theodore Walraven, and a few months later in a jet emitted by Messier
Synchrotron_radiation
Natural satellites of the planet Saturn
evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from the materials that formed Saturn
Moons_of_Saturn
Theorem of 2D geometry
Geometry, Dover Publications, 2007 (orig. 1960). Bos, H. J. M.; Kers, C.; Oort, F.; Raven, D. W. "Poncelet's closure theorem". Expositiones Mathematicae
Poncelet's_closure_theorem
Web browser made by Mozilla
Firefox, Chrome, and Opera all achieved the highest possible score on the Oort Online test, measuring WebGL rendering speed (WebGL 2 is now current). In
Firefox
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
edu/jod/augustine/conf.pdf Brown 2000, p. 117. Possidius 2008, 3.1. A'Becket 1907. Oort, Johannes van (5 October 2009). "Augustine, His Sermons, and Their Significance"
Augustine_of_Hippo
Star system in the Centaurus constellation
presumably have done in the Solar System. Such icy bodies probably also reside in Oort clouds of other planetary systems. When they are influenced gravitationally
Alpha_Centauri
Hypotheses for the possible sources of the water on Earth
could condense and form icy planetesimals, which accumulated to form the Oort cloud. The boundary of the region where ice could form in the early Solar
Origin_of_water_on_Earth
Dutch mathematician
doctorate from the University of Amsterdam with thesis advisor Frans Oort and thesis Limits of Hodge Structures and Intermediate Jacobians. He is now a professor
Joseph_H._M._Steenbrink
Species of flightless bird
as much as a third, though the data may have been confounded by a speed limit reduction around the same time. The Australian population is listed as Endangered
Southern_cassowary
Mathematics award
number theory and arithmetic geometry, including breakthroughs on the André–Oort and Griffiths conjecture 2023 Ana Caraiani – "For diverse transformative
Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics
Breakthrough_Prize_in_Mathematics
1997 film by Robert Zemeckis
passing the Moon, Mars, and other features of the Solar System, then to the Oort cloud, interstellar space, the Local Bubble, the Milky Way, other galaxies
Contact_(1997_American_film)
Dutch astronomer (1905–1973)
Ejnar Hertzsprung, Antonie Pannekoek, Willem de Sitter, Jan Woltjer, Jan Oort, and the physicist Paul Ehrenfest. He received his candidate degree in Astronomy
Gerard_Kuiper
Non-periodic comet
dynamically new comet from the Oort cloud with an absolute total magnitude (8.7) lower than the expected Bortle survival limit, the comet remained intact
C/2020_V2_(ZTF)
Prehistoric impact crater in Mexico
asteroid. Two papers in 1984 proposed it to be a comet originating from the Oort cloud, and it was proposed in 1992 that tidal disruption of comets could
Chicxulub_crater
Interstellar comet in 2025
comet will reach the inner Oort cloud (2000 AU from the Sun) around the year 2189, and will reach the outer edge of the Oort cloud (100000+ AU from the
3I/ATLAS
Galaxy containing the Solar System
ultimately led to the finding of galactic rotation by Bertil Lindblad and Jan Oort. In 1917, Heber Doust Curtis had observed the nova S Andromedae within the
Milky_Way
Fifth planet from the Sun
the Kuiper belt, while others believe that Jupiter protects Earth from the Oort cloud. In July 1994, the Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 comet collided with Jupiter
Jupiter
Creation spirit in some schools of philosophy
henosis Archived 2010-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. Quispel, Gilles and Van Oort, Johannes (2008), p. 143. This article incorporates text from this source
Demiurge
Study of the movement of stars
character of galactic rotation in the solar neighborhood is encapsulated in the Oort constants. Structural components of the Milky Way: Using stellar kinematics
Stellar_kinematics
Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group
(The existence of two distinct populations had been noted earlier by Jan Oort.) Baade also discovered that there were two types of Cepheid variable stars
Andromeda_Galaxy
classification of finite simple groups (Koichiro Harada, Ronald Solomon, 2008) André–Oort conjecture (Jonathan Pila, Ananth Shankar, Jacob Tsimerman, 2021) Duffin–Schaeffer
List of unsolved problems in mathematics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_mathematics
Austrian esotericist (1861–1925)
pagan, Anthroposophy a Christian form of modern Gnosis. Quispel, Gilles; Oort, Johannes van (2008). Gnostica, Judaica, Catholica. Collected Essays of Gilles
Rudolf_Steiner
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
and Enceladus Pluto–Charon system Comets and other related Kuiper belt and Oort cloud objects And is also likely present on: Mercury's poles Tethys Water
Water
Mean distance between Earth and the Sun
light travels in one Julian year (365.25 days) — Oort cloud 75000 ± 25000 Distance of the outer limit of Oort cloud from the Sun (estimated, corresponds to
Astronomical_unit
Location of Earth in the Universe
Solar System and Oort cloud
Location_of_Earth
Coming together of two stars
that. Garcia-Sanchez, J.; et al. (24 August 1998), "Perturbation of the Oort Cloud by Close Stellar Approaches", Asteroid and Comet Dynamics, Tatrauska
Stellar_collision
Non-periodic comet
C/2001 A2 (LINEAR) is a non-periodic comet from the Oort cloud discovered by LINEAR on 15 January 2001. The nucleus of comet split in multiple fragments
C/2001_A2_(LINEAR)
Largest moon of Saturn
was possibly sourced from material which is similar to that found in the Oort cloud, and not from sources which were present during the co-accretion of
Titan_(moon)
Change in sea level due to gravity
galaxies orbiting them. The galactic tide's effects on the Solar System's Oort cloud are believed to cause 90 percent of long-period comets. Tsunamis, the
Tide
Accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter
likely point of origin for periodic comets. The classic Oort cloud theory states that the Oort cloud, a sphere measuring about 50,000 AU (0.24 pc) in radius
Accretion_(astrophysics)
Large collections of gas found in the galactic halo of the Milky Way
gaseous corona that surrounds the Milky Way. Inspired by this proposal, Jan Oort, of Leiden University, Netherlands, proposed that cold gas clouds might be
High-velocity_cloud
Unit of length in astronomy
February 2024[update]. Voyager 1 took 46 years to cover that distance. The Oort cloud is estimated to be approximately 0.6 pc in diameter. Distances expressed
Parsec
Long-term future of planet Earth
cause a significant reduction in the perihelion distances of comets in the Oort cloud—a hypothetical spherical region of icy bodies orbiting within half
Future_of_Earth
Periodic comet
Halley was once a long-period comet, it is likely to have originated in the Oort cloud, a sphere of cometary bodies around 20,000–50,000 au from the Sun.
Halley's_Comet
Space propulsion method using Sun radiation
to reach the Sun’s inner gravitational focus, with arrival at the inner Oort Cloud in no more than thirty years." "Such a mission could perform useful
Solar_sail
Substellar object
brown dwarf (sometimes referred to as Nemesis) that could interact with the Oort cloud just as passing stars can. However, this hypothesis has fallen out
Brown_dwarf
Measure of the mass of a planet-like astronomical body
orbit in its current location, but would not do so if it orbited in the Oort cloud. The smaller planets retain only silicates and metals, and are terrestrial
Planetary_mass
Species of bird
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region, Custer, ND. Zanette, L., Smith, J. N., Oort, H. V., & Clinchy, M. (2003). Synergistic effects of food and predators on
Cooper's_hawk
NASA space probe launched in 1977
aphelion of Sedna, and it has not yet entered the postulated position of the Oort cloud, the hypothetical source region of long-period comets, regarded by
Voyager_1
Large self-illuminated object in space
(318): 91–94. Bibcode:1942PASP...54...91D. doi:10.1086/125409. Mayall, N. U.; Oort, Jan Hendrik (April 1942). "Further Data Bearing on the Identification of
Star
Unit of length
light-nanosecond is almost 300 millimetres (299.8 mm, 5 mm less than one foot), which limits the speed of data transfer between different parts of a computer. One light-microsecond
Light-second
the mound's layers, the role of erosion would have been to place an upper limit on the mound's growth. Gravity measurements by Curiosity suggest the crater
List of tallest mountains in the Solar System
List_of_tallest_mountains_in_the_Solar_System
Supernova remnant in the constellation Taurus
Katgert-Merkelijn, J. & Damen, J. (2000). "A short biography of Jan Hendrik Oort: 7. Crab Nebula". Leiden University Library. Archived from the original on
Crab_Nebula
Maharaja of Travancore from 1729 to 1758
armament". In Heesterman, J. C.; Van den Hoek, Albert W.; Kolff, Dirk H. A.; Oort, M. S. (eds.). Ritual, State, and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour
Marthanda_Varma
1992 science fiction novel by John Varley
System have all become populated. There are also minor colonies set in the Oort cloud beyond the Solar System itself. The "steel beach" of the title is Earth's
Steel_Beach
Comparison of a wide range of lengths
of Bok globule Barnard 68 7.5 Pm – 50,000 AU – possible outer boundary of Oort cloud (other estimates are 75,000 to 125,000 or even 189,000 AU (1.18, 2
Orders_of_magnitude_(length)
Fusakichi Omori Onnes effect – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Oort cloud (a.k.a. Öpik–Oort cloud) – Jan Hendrik Oort (and Ernst Julius Öpik) Ostriker–Peebles criterion
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
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