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Adjective
Look up obligate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology
Obligate
Type of organism
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite
Obligate_parasite
Microorganism killed by normal atmospheric levels of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with
Obligate_anaerobe
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
are meat eaters; a few, such as the large and small cats (Felidae) are obligate carnivores whose diet requires nutrients found only in animal flesh. Other
Carnivore
Special case of mutualism
Obligate mutualism is a special case of mutualism where an ecological interaction between species mutually benefits each other, and one or all species
Obligate_mutualism
Organism that requires oxygen to grow
An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like
Obligate_aerobe
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
lost the sexual phase and are now completely asexual. Many other cases of obligate parthenogenesis (or gynogenesis) are found among polyploids and hybrids
Parthenogenesis
Predatory cartilaginous fishes
without rest. These species are obligate ram ventilators and would presumably asphyxiate if unable to move. Obligate ram ventilation is also true of some
Shark
Instinct to breathe through the nose rather than the mouth
Obligate nasal breathing describes a physiological instinct to breathe through the nose (or other forms of external nasal passages, depending on the species)
Obligate_nasal_breathing
Ecological interaction between taxa
Symbiosis is diverse and can be classified in multiple ways. It can be obligate, meaning that one or both of the organisms depend on each other for survival
Symbiosis
Course of action someone must take
in return for an increase in an individual's rights or power. The term "obligate" can also be used in a biological context, in reference to species which
Obligation
Organism that thrives in an oxygenated environment
in the ocean"), and could be the longest-living life forms ever found. Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration
Aerobic_organism
An obligate carrier is an individual who must carry a particular gene variant based on analysis of family history but who is clinically unaffected. The
Obligate_carrier
Microparasite that grows within a host cell
Facultative and Obligate. Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. Obligate intracellular
Intracellular_parasite
Organism not requiring oxygen for its growth
Anaerobes are commonly classified according to their relationship with oxygen. Obligate anaerobes are harmed by it. Aerotolerant organisms do not use oxygen but
Anaerobic_organism
Type of interaction between species
interactions with their hosts and on their life cycles, which can be complex. An obligate parasite depends completely on the host to complete its life cycle, while
Parasitism
Reproduction without a sexual process
eggs for the next season. However, some aphid species are obligate parthenotes. In obligate parthenogenesis, females only reproduce asexually. One example
Asexual_reproduction
Culture medium used in microbiology
differentiation of obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and aerotolerant organisms. For example, obligately anaerobic
Thioglycolate_broth
Type of plant
Christmas tree) is an obligate root hemiparasite. Rhinanthus (e.g. Yellow rattle) is a facultative root hemiparasite. Mistletoe is an obligate stem hemiparasite
Parasitic_plant
Biological interaction
opportunistic or omnivorous and only practice predation occasionally. Most obligate carnivores are specialized for hunting. They may have acute senses such
Predation
American singer (1958–2009)
MJJ Productions Inc. and MJJ Ventures Inc. employees were not legally obligated to protect the two men from Jackson. In August 2023, California's Second
Michael_Jackson
Scientific name that also applies to a taxon
In biological taxonomy, a synonym is one of two or more scientific names that apply to the same taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature
Synonym_(taxonomy)
Beings that can respire with and without oxygen
mutations to be either obligate aerobes or anaerobes, there were varying levels of chromatin-remodeling proteins. The obligate aerobes were later found
Facultative anaerobic organism
Facultative_anaerobic_organism
Terrestrial locomotion using two limbs
"obligate", and focuses on the range of styles of locomotion normally used by various groups of animals. Normal humans may be considered "obligate" bipeds
Bipedalism
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
in the order Carnivora also colloquially referred to as cats. It is an obligate carnivore, requiring a predominantly meat-based diet. Its retractable claws
Cat
Animal that feeds on coral
one-third of known corallivores are obligate corallivores, while the remaining two-thirds are facultative corallivores. Obligate corallivory is defined as having
Corallivore
Type of symbiosis
Vachellia trees (ant acacias) and ants that nest on them (acacia ants). Obligate acacia ants dwell in the gall-like domatia within the swollen stipular
Acacia-ant_symbiosis
Class of ethical theories
In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Ancient Greek δέον (déon) 'duty, obligation' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the normative
Deontology
Video-focused social media platform
to stop creating new content which they were not already contractually obligated to create. Creators who posted saying that they would not be changing
TikTok
Microorganisms whose metabolism is not dependent on, and not poisoned by, oxygen
contrast, obligate anaerobes can be harmed by reactive oxygen molecules.[citation needed] There are three categories of anaerobes. Where obligate aerobes
Aerotolerant_anaerobe
Type of bird
woodcreepers. Ant followers may be obligate, meaning that they derive most of their diet by following ant swarms, or non-obligate, meaning they derive only some
Ant_follower
Concept that nobility confers social responsibilities
Noblesse oblige (French: [nɔblɛs ɔbliʒ] ; lit. 'nobility obliges') is a French expression that means that nobility extends beyond mere entitlement, requiring
Noblesse_oblige
Evolutionary reproductive strategy of mammals
stressors, such as drastic changes in temperature, feeding, or lactation. Obligate diapause occurs regularly in the reproductive cycle of the affected species
Embryonic_diapause
2016 Marvel Studios film
not confirm his involvement in Civil War, due to being contractually obligated not to talk about his inclusion publicly. The Russos discussed this, saying
Captain_America:_Civil_War
Regulation of enzyme activity
interactions. Some allosteric activators are referred to as "essential", or "obligate" activators, in the sense that in their absence, the activity of their
Allosteric_regulation
Type of stable macromolecular complex
half-life. Typically, the obligate interactions (protein–protein interactions in an obligate complex) are permanent, whereas non-obligate interactions have been
Protein_complex
American basketball player and businessman (born 1963)
May 6, 2022. Associated Press (June 12, 2003). "Judge says Jordan not obligated to pay ex-lover". USA Today. Retrieved January 16, 2007. Associated Press
Michael_Jordan
Mutually beneficial interaction between species
it is sometimes used to refer to mutualistic interactions that are not obligate. Symbiosis involves two species living in close physical contact over a
Mutualism_(biology)
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
Invictus, found as far north as Roman Britain. Because Romans had never been obligated to cultivate one god or cult only, religious tolerance was not an issue
Roman_Empire
Microorganism requiring lower levels of oxygen than normally found in atmosphere
growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement. Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring
Microaerophile
Killing of an infant individual by its siblings
sometimes its parents. Siblicidal behavior can be either obligate or facultative. In obligate siblicide, a sibling almost always ends up being killed.
Siblicide
Study of fire in ecosystems
adapted to ensure that their offspring survives into the next generation. "Obligate seeders" are plants with large, fire-activated seed banks that germinate
Fire_ecology
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
created the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management, which obligated nations to establish proper policies for the management of nuclear power
Chernobyl_disaster
German actress (born 1976)
prima ballerina status. A knee injury put an end to her ballet plans, obligating her to resume her education by returning to her "strict" Catholic school
Diane_Kruger
Classification of United States plant species by frequency of occurrence in wetlands
While many Obligate Wetland (OBL) species do occur in permanently or semi-permanently flooded wetlands, there are also a number of obligates that occur
Wetland_indicator_status
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
chimpanzees. The most significant of these adaptations are hairlessness, obligate bipedalism, increased brain size and decreased sexual dimorphism (neoteny)
Human
Genus of bacteria
Thermobrachium is an obligate anaerobic, moderately alkaliphilic, thermophilic and proteolytic genus of bacteria from the family Clostridiaceae with one
Thermobrachium
Species of horsehair worm
that uses the praying mantis as its definitive host. Horsehair worms are obligate parasites that pass through different hosts at various stages. These worms
Chordodes_formosanus
Fish that remove parasites and dead tissue from other species
animals, such as cleaner shrimps. There are two types of cleaner fish, obligate full time cleaners and facultative part time cleaners where different strategies
Cleaner_fish
1968 film by Stanley Kubrick
want to spell out a verbal road map for 2001 that every viewer will feel obligated to pursue or else fear he's missed the point. In a subsequent discussion
2001:_A_Space_Odyssey
Genus of jellyfish
parasitism varies between populations, but Hyperia galba has been defined as obligate parasites that alternate between endoparasitic and ectoparasitic during
Desmonema_(cnidarian)
Supranational political and economic union
members that are not part of the Schengen Area, one—Cyprus—is legally obligated to join the area in the future; Ireland maintains an opt-out, and instead
European_Union
Order of bacteria
produced in equimolar quantities from the catabolism of one mole of glucose. Obligate heterofermentative LAB include Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Weissella, and
Lactic_acid_bacteria
Genus of bacteria
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria within the Lactobacillaceae family. Members of the genus are aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic
Lactobacillus
Marvel Studios film
executives. He wanted his role to be recast instead, but was contractually obligated to return. A scene of Romanoff wearing underwear and a T-shirt that Shortland
Black_Widow_(2021_film)
German Nazi politician and military leader (1893–1946)
the police showed that the young bride was a prostitute. Göring felt obligated to tell Hitler, but also saw this event as an opportunity to dispose of
Hermann_Göring
Group of fraternal organizations
elected officers. In some jurisdictions, an Installed Master elected, obligated, and invested to preside over a Lodge, is valued as a separate rank with
Freemasonry
British actress (born 1983)
Romanoff / Black Widow for Iron Man 2 (2010), but she was contractually obligated by 20th Century Fox to join the Jack Black-led comedy film Gulliver's
Emily_Blunt
2017 American film
Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond – Featuring a Very Special, Contractually Obligated Mention of Tony Clifton (or simply Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond) is a
Jim_&_Andy:_The_Great_Beyond
American television series (1999–present)
partner." Wolf did make Winters Belzer's partner, but he was contractually obligated to his other show at the time, the HBO drama Oz. Since the role on Law
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit
Family of bacteria
bacteria and belong to the Gammaproteobacteria. They are rod-shaped and obligate anaerobes. "Succinivibrionaceae". www.uniprot.org. Euzéby, J. P. "List
Succinivibrionaceae
President of Syria from 2000 to 2024
record all the comments users post on chat forums. Another decree in 2008 obligated internet cafes to keep records of their customers and report them routinely
Bashar_al-Assad
Species of bacterium
nitrogen-fixing species of cyanobacteria that exists exclusively as an obligate symbiont. Despite being found in measurable quantities throughout the world's
Atelocyanobacterium_thalassa
Bacteria that can enter and survive in host cells
intracellular bacteria, which can grow extracellularly or intracellularly, and obligate intracellular bacteria, which can grow only intracellularly. Examples of
Intracellular_bacteria
Country in East Africa
statutory financial reports that listed companies in Tanzania are legally obligated to release – are simply not true. Bank lending to companies as far as
Tanzania
Infection transmitted by ticks
bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported
Ehrlichiosis
Class of parthenogenetic freshwater rotifers
reproduction in the bdelloid rotifers was wholly unknown. One theory of how obligate parthenogenesis arose in bdelloid rotifers was that parthenogenic lineages
Bdelloidea
1950–1953 conflict on the Korean Peninsula
Acheson discussed a US response to the invasion and agreed the US was obligated to act, comparing the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions
Korean_War
Respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen
Electron acceptor Products Eo′ (V) Example organisms Aerobic respiration Obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes O2 H2O +0.82 Aerobic organisms such as
Anaerobic_respiration
American film and distribution company
while they finished the remaining Oswald films they were contractually obligated to finish. Universal subsequently terminated Winkler's contract and formed
Universal_Pictures
Jacksonville, Florida (official convention business was still contractually obligated to be conducted in Charlotte). Due to the worsening situation with regards
2020 United States presidential election
2020_United_States_presidential_election
Bacterium
Niabella ginsengisoli is a Gram-negative, obligately aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Niabella which has been isolated from a ginseng
Niabella_ginsengisoli
Species of bird
The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a small, obligate brood parasitic icterid native to temperate and subtropical North America. It is a permanent
Brown-headed_cowbird
Appointed member of the peerage of the United Kingdom whose title cannot be inherited
Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron. Such peerages entitle (or perhaps obligate) the holder to sit and vote in the House of Lords (so long as they meet
Life_peer
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
leniently. Hong Taiji incorporated Han into the Jurchen polity as citizens obligated to provide military service. By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen
Qing_dynasty
American singer (1943–1970)
earlier, Travis Rivers had seduced her and slept with her so she would feel obligated to join Big Brother, and the story was false, according to many Joplin
Janis_Joplin
Plants that live in association with ants
plants and ants. This association may be either facultative or obligate. In obligate mutualisms, the organisms involved are interdependent; they cannot
Myrmecophyte
Country in South America
Guyana incl. Dougla incl. Portuguese The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against
Guyana
Species of single-celled organism
kkathattiyawitsanukamprasitnonopsis is a species of oomycete. It is an obligate plant parasite on Crepis pyrenaica, a member of the hawksbeard plant genus
Bremia_krungthepmahanakhonamonrattanakosinmahintharayuthayamahadilokphopnoppharatratchathaniburiromudomratchaniwetmahasathanamonpimanawatansathitsakkathattiyawitsanukamprasitnonopsis
Family of roundworms
of nematodes belonging to the order Rhabditida. All Philometridae are obligate tissue parasites of fish. Philometridae cycle between two hosts: Cyclopoida
Philometridae
Method of analyzing tonal music
music normally unfolds in one register, the "obligatory register" (Ger. Obligate Lage), but at times is displaced to higher or lower registers. These are
Schenkerian_analysis
Genus of Late Cretaceous theropod
dismissed notions that the forelimbs were useless or that Tyrannosaurus was an obligate scavenger. The idea that the arms served as weapons when hunting prey have
Tyrannosaurus
American singer (born 1946)
remains one of Ronstadt's most popular recordings. Still contractually obligated to Capitol Records, Ronstadt released her first solo album, Hand Sown
Linda_Ronstadt
Autonomous community of Spain
compete in the industrial sector against more developed regions, and was obligated to invest in sectors that were easier to enter. 2. The absence of an industrial
Andalusia
Superhero media franchise
late November. Because of this, staff writers were still contractually obligated to the series without pay but were unable to pursue other opportunities
Sony's_Spider-Man_Universe
Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976
This was a rotational forced labor system where indigenous pueblos were obligated to send laborers to work in Spanish mines and plantations for a set number
Spanish_Empire
Wife of Odysseus in Greek mythology
abduct Helen from her chosen husband, all the other suitors would be obligated to unite and take action against the offender to see justice done. Eager
Penelope
Genus of birds
Molothrus in the family Icteridae. They are of New World origin and are obligate brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other species. The genus
Cowbird
Military coalition in World War II
September 1939, just hours after Britain. Unlike Australia, which had felt obligated to declare war, as it also had not ratified the Statute of Westminster
Allies_of_World_War_II
Family of mammals
Their teeth and facial muscles allow for a powerful bite. They are all obligate carnivores, and most are solitary predators ambushing or stalking their
Felidae
Canadian and American actor (born 1962)
Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond—Featuring a Very Special, Contractually Obligated Mention of Tony Clifton, premiered at The Venice Film Festival and was
Jim_Carrey
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium. M. leprae and M. lepromatosis are obligate intracellular pathogens and cannot grow or be cultured outside of host
Leprosy
Philosophy dealing with absurdity of existence
reader, but may develop a sense of reality/God. Such a reader is not obligated to follow the commandments as if an external agent is forcing these commandments
Existentialism
Highest award in the United States Armed Forces
Advocate General advised the Medal of Honor Board that the Army was not obligated to police the matter. Walker continued to wear her medal until her death
Medal_of_Honor
1941 Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII
signed the Geneva Convention, Germany had signed the treaty and was thus obligated to offer Soviet POWs humane treatment according to its provisions (as
Operation_Barbarossa
American author (born 1947)
necessity and moral imperative that those who have received much should be obligated to pay ... in the same proportion". King testified in an August 2022 case
Stephen_King
Disease-causing bacteria
cells. Infections due to obligate intracellular bacteria may be asymptomatic, requiring an incubation period. Examples of obligate intracellular bacteria
Pathogenic_bacteria
Type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse without consent
patient is informed that submitting to the use of the rape kit does not obligate them to file criminal charges against the perpetrator. The patient is discouraged
Rape
Physiological state of dormant inactivity in order to pass the winter season
Obligate hibernators are animals that spontaneously, and annually, enter hibernation regardless of ambient temperature and access to food. Obligate hibernators
Hibernation
Country in South Asia
22 languages, including Hindi but not English, which the government is obligated to develop. These are sometimes called "scheduled languages". This list
India
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