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Minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing
processing, the Nyquist rate is a value equal to twice the highest frequency (bandwidth) of a given function or signal. It is named after Harry Nyquist. It has
Nyquist_rate
Maximum frequency of non-aliased component upon sampling
discrete sequence. It is named after Harry Nyquist. For a given sampling rate (samples per second), the Nyquist frequency (cycles per second) is the frequency
Nyquist_frequency
Sufficiency theorem for reconstructing signals from samples
The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem is a theorem in the field of signal processing which serves as a fundamental bridge between continuous-time signals
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Nyquist–Shannon_sampling_theorem
Theorem that tells the maximum rate at which information can be transmitted
the Nyquist rate, and transmitting at the limiting pulse rate of 2 B {\displaystyle 2B} pulses per second as signalling at the Nyquist rate. Nyquist published
Shannon–Hartley_theorem
Measurement of a signal at discrete time intervals
2 kHz, or 96 kHz. The approximately double-rate requirement is a consequence of the Nyquist theorem. Sampling rates higher than about 50 kHz to 60 kHz cannot
Sampling_(signal_processing)
Swedish-American physicist (1889–1976)
Harry Theodor Nyquist (/ˈnaɪkwɪst/, Swedish: [ˈnŷːkvɪst]; February 7, 1889 – April 4, 1976) was a Swedish-American physicist and electronic engineer who
Harry_Nyquist
Sampling higher than the Nyquist rate
Nyquist rate. Theoretically, a bandwidth-limited signal can be perfectly reconstructed if sampled at the Nyquist rate or above it. The Nyquist rate is
Oversampling
Signal processing sample technique
technique where one samples a bandpass-filtered signal at a sample rate below its Nyquist rate (twice the upper cutoff frequency), but is still able to reconstruct
Undersampling
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
is given by the Nyquist law: symbol rate ≤ Nyquist rate = 2 × bandwidth {\displaystyle {\text{symbol rate}}\leq {\text{Nyquist rate}}=2\times {\text{bandwidth}}}
Bit_rate
American-bred Thoroughbred racehorse
Nyquist (foaled March 10, 2013) is a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the 2016 Kentucky Derby and 2015 Breeders' Cup Juvenile, only the
Nyquist_(horse)
Method for converting signals between digital and analog
digitization. In Nyquist-rate ADCs, an analog signal is sampled at a relatively low sampling frequency just above its Nyquist rate (twice the signal's
Delta-sigma_modulation
Topics referred to by the same term
theory Nyquist frequency, digital signal processing Nyquist rate, telecommunication theory Nyquist ISI criterion, telecommunication theory 6625 Nyquist, a
Nyquist
Topics referred to by the same term
frequency, ½ of the sampling rate of a discrete signal processing system Nyquist rate, a rate used in signal processing Nyquist ISI criterion, a condition
Nyquist_criterion
Condition to avoid intersymbol interference
In communications, the Nyquist ISI criterion describes the conditions which, when satisfied by a communication channel (including responses of transmit
Nyquist_ISI_criterion
Symbol rate measurement in telecommunications
Nyquist rate Pulse-code modulation EFM requires three merging bits between adjacent fourteen-bit codewords. "What's The Difference Between Bit Rate And
Baud
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
baud rate is synonymous to the pulse rate in pulses/second. The maximum baud rate or pulse rate for a base band channel is called the Nyquist rate, and
Symbol_rate
Signal processing effect
lower rate. Some digital channelizers exploit aliasing in this way for computational efficiency. (See Sampling (signal processing), Nyquist rate (relative
Aliasing
System that converts an analog signal into a digital signal
resolution. If an ADC operates at a sampling rate greater than twice the bandwidth of the signal, then per the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, near-perfect
Analog-to-digital_converter
Characteristic of an optical system
this is far from the case, and spatial frequencies that approach the Nyquist rate will generally be reproduced with decreasing amplitude, so that fine
Optical_transfer_function
Signal conversion technique
techniques, that is, the analog signal is sampled at a rate several times higher than the Nyquist rate. Derived forms of delta modulation are continuously
Delta_modulation
Oscilloscope that stores and analyses signals digitally
each sample time. The sampling frequency should be not less than the Nyquist rate to avoid aliasing. These digital values are then turned back into an
Digital_storage_oscilloscope
Carrier system for digital transmission of multiplexed telephone calls
(including guardband) is 4,000 Hz, the required digital sampling rate is 8,000 Hz (see Nyquist rate). Since each T1 frame contains 1 byte of voice data for each
T-carrier
Spatial anti-aliasing method
achieve perfect elimination of aliasing, proper spatial sampling at the Nyquist rate (or higher) after applying a 2D Anti-aliasing filter is required. As
Supersampling
Signal (re-)construction algorithm
sample rate, and f s / 2 {\displaystyle f_{s}/2} is the corresponding Nyquist frequency. When the sampled function has a bandlimit less than the Nyquist frequency
Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula
Whittaker–Shannon_interpolation_formula
Data format used for audio compact discs
September 2022. The Nyquist rate is twice the bandwidth of the signal ... The Nyquist frequency or folding frequency is half the sampling rate and corresponds
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
Limiting a signal to contain only low-frequency components
frequencies it contains). This minimum rate is called the Nyquist rate, a key idea in the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which ensures no information
Bandlimiting
Electromechanical device
decoder to process (i.e., the rate of AB state changes exceeds the quadrature decoder's sampling rate; see Nyquist rate) or if the A or B signal is noisy
Incremental_encoder
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
efficiency, with a total symbol rate near the Nyquist rate for the equivalent baseband signal (i.e., near half the Nyquist rate for the double-side band physical
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
optical superresolution, i.e., resolution beyond the diffraction limit. Nyquist rate Optical superresolution Berry, M V, 1994, 'Faster than Fourier', in 'Quantum
Superoscillation
the array pattern. For this reason, the sample rate must be generally much greater than the Nyquist rate. Beamforming aims to solve the problem of filtering
Discrete-time_beamforming
Filter used to construct a smooth analog signal from a digital input
reconstruction filters typically either allow some energy above the Nyquist rate, attenuate some in-band frequencies, or both. For this reason, oversampling
Reconstruction_filter
Measure of frequency stability in clocks and oscillators
measurement system is expected to have a bandwidth at or below that of the Nyquist rate, as described within the Shannon–Hartley theorem. As can be seen in the
Allan_variance
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
the analog signal were taken at the rate of 44,100 samples per second. This sample rate was based on the Nyquist rate of 40,000 samples per second required
Optical_disc
Voice encryption, transformation, and synthesis device
sampling rate of 8 kHz (slightly greater than the Nyquist rate). The sampling resolution is typically 8 or more bits per sample, for a data rate in the
Vocoder
Information-theoretical limit on transmission rate in a communication channel
Bandwidth (computing) Bandwidth (signal processing) Bit rate Code rate Error exponent Nyquist rate Negentropy Redundancy Sender, Data compression, Receiver
Channel_capacity
Telecommunications protocol
from 1.544 Mbit/s to 1.568 Mbit/s, resulting in a symbol rate of 392 kilobaud and a Nyquist frequency of 196 kHz. Legacy T1 required repeaters every 35 dB
High-bit-rate digital subscriber line
High-bit-rate_digital_subscriber_line
Digital audio effect
record all frequencies right up to the Nyquist limit for a given sample rate. The solution is to increase the sample rate by an amount that accommodates the
Bitcrusher
Mathematical transformation reducing the damage caused by aliasing
a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem over the band of interest. Since the theorem states
Anti-aliasing_filter
American engineer and intelligent design advocate (born 1950)
samples", Marks first showed that, when a signal is sampled above its Nyquist rate, lost samples "are redundant, in the sense that any finite number of
Robert_J._Marks_II
effect – Kenneth L. Nordtvedt Nyquist frequency, Nyquist rate – Harry Nyquist Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (a.k.a. Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov,
Scientific phenomena named after people
Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people
List of definitions of terms and concepts used in electrical engineering and electronics
evaluating stability of a feedback system. Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem A theorem that establishes the necessary rate to accurately sample a band-limited
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Information rate that can be transmitted over a given bandwidth
upper bound for the attainable modulation efficiency is given by the Nyquist rate or Hartley's law as follows: For a signaling alphabet with M alternative
Spectral_efficiency
Function in discrete mathematics
of distortion called aliasing. Choice of an appropriate sample-rate (see Nyquist rate) is the key to minimizing that distortion. Similarly, the conversion
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Signal processing technique
processing was the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. It states that if a real signal's highest frequency is less than half of the sampling rate, then the signal
Compressed_sensing
Overview of and topical guide to telecommunication
modulation Frequency modulation Quadrature amplitude modulation Nyquist rate Nyquist ISI criterion Pulse shaping Intersymbol interference Physical media
Outline_of_telecommunication
Computational imaging technique
uniformly sampling discrete points of an analog signal at or above the Nyquist rate. For example, in a digital camera, the sampling is done with a 2-D array
Single-pixel_imaging
Israeli academic and engineer
the Northeastern University, Boston known for her pioneering work on sub-Nyquist sampling. Eldar was born in Toronto, Canada. She is the third daughter
Yonina_Eldar
1980s analog high-definition television standard
MUSE (Multiple sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding), commercially known as Hi-Vision (a contraction of HIgh-definition teleVISION) was a Japanese analog high-definition
Multiple Sub-Nyquist Sampling Encoding
Multiple_Sub-Nyquist_Sampling_Encoding
Audible defect generated during the recording or editing of a sound
music samplers since they could record audio at bit rates and sampling frequencies below the Nyquist rate, considered desirable by some musicians. Aliasing
Sonic_artifact
Mathematical analysis of frequency content of signals
of distortion called aliasing. Choice of an appropriate sample-rate (see Nyquist rate) is the key to minimizing that distortion. Similarly, the conversion
Multidimensional_transform
Underwater acoustic signal processing
about 50 kHz. To avoid having to sample the received process at the Nyquist rate of 100 kHz, it is more efficient to demodulate the process to baseband
Sonar_signal_processing
Specifies when restoration of a signal by the sampling theorem can become ill-posed
of simultaneous sampling of the signal and its derivative at half the Nyquist rate results in well behaved interpolation. The Cheung–Marks theorem shows
Cheung–Marks_theorem
resolution of the sample rate. When not using equivalent-time sampling, the sampling frequency should be higher than the Nyquist rate which is double the frequency
Oscilloscope_types
Testing equipment for race cars
wheel feedback 4-poster Automobile handling Automotive suspension design Nyquist rate Roll center Scrub radius Shock absorber Suspension (vehicle) Unsprung
7_post_shaker
48 kHz, a common sampling rate
sampling rate. Principally, the sampling rate had to be at least double the maximal frequency carried (as per the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem) — at least
48,000_Hz
Frequency divided by a characteristic frequency
reference to the sampling rate as ω ′ = ω f s , {\displaystyle \omega '={\tfrac {\omega }{f_{s}}},} the normalized Nyquist angular frequency is π radians/sample
Normalized frequency (signal processing)
Normalized_frequency_(signal_processing)
Engineering professor
simulations and measurement to evaluate CMOS technology operating at sub-Nyquist rates. Emami joined the California Institute of Technology in 2007. She was
Azita_Emami
Common sampling frequency in digital audio
of the sample rate was based primarily on the need to reproduce the audible frequency range of 20–20,000 Hz (20 Hz–20 kHz). The Nyquist–Shannon sampling
44,100_Hz
Month of 1976
Harry Nyquist, 87, Swedish physicist and specialist in signal processing, for whom the Nyquist stability criterion, the Nyquist rate and the Nyquist frequency
April_1976
Electronic moving image
Multiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) – Europe; obsolete Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) – Japan NTSC – United States, Canada, Japan EDTV-II
Video
Limit on data transfer rate
maximum rate through the channel. This result was presented by Claude Shannon in 1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of Harry Nyquist and
Noisy-channel_coding_theorem
Index of articles associated with the same name
correct connections between frames. Aliasing Pixel-art scaling algorithms Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem "Conservative Morphological Anti-Aliasing (CMAA)"
Anti-aliasing
Spectrograph equipped with an integral field unit
correctly approach the case of spatial and spectral samplings above the Nyquist rate over diffraction limited scenes, as required by high-contrast imaging
Integral_field_spectrograph
Video mode
cable transmission. The origins of 1080i can be traced from Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding, a Japanese analog high-definition television system
1080i
Audio or video represented as a stream of discrete numbers
reconstructed, within the constraints of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, which dictates the sampling rate and quantization error dependent on the audio
Digital_recording
Digital representation of sampled analog signals
the Nyquist frequency); higher frequencies will not be correctly represented or recovered and add aliasing distortion to the signal below the Nyquist frequency
Pulse-code_modulation
Range of usable frequencies
sampling theorem and Nyquist sampling rate, bandwidth typically refers to baseband bandwidth. In the context of Nyquist symbol rate or Shannon-Hartley channel
Bandwidth_(signal_processing)
Scientific study of digital information
early contributions were made in the 1920s through the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley. Information theory was initially formed in the context
Information_theory
Device or program that encodes/decodes audio data in some bitstream format
Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence compression
Audio_codec
Process where information about current status is used to influence future status
is used deliberately in electronic oscillators. Harry Nyquist at Bell Labs derived the Nyquist stability criterion for determining the stability of feedback
Feedback
Practice of encoding color images
corresponds to a maximum Nyquist bandwidth of 1.6875 MHz, whereas traditional "high-end broadcast analog NTSC encoder" would have a Nyquist bandwidth of 1.5 MHz
Chroma_subsampling
Generalizations of Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem for reconstructing signals
perfectly reconstructed from its samples if the average sampling rate satisfies the Nyquist condition. Therefore, although uniformly spaced samples may result
Nonuniform_sampling
Audio performance differences between technologies
bandwidth of the digital system is determined, according to the Nyquist frequency, by the sample rate used. The bandwidth of an analog system is dependent on
Comparison of analog and digital recording
Comparison_of_analog_and_digital_recording
Form of distortion affecting communication reliability
amount of ISI into the system at the transmitter side, known as faster-than-Nyquist signaling. Such a design trades a computational complexity penalty at the
Intersymbol_interference
Process in electronics and telecommunications
introduce intersymbol interference — it needs to satisfy certain criteria. The Nyquist ISI criterion is a commonly used criterion for evaluation, because it relates
Pulse_shaping
Open-source digital audio editor and recording software
Audacity, with Dannenberg remaining at CMU and continuing development of Nyquist, a scripting language which Audacity uses for some effects. Over the years
Audacity_(audio_editor)
Normalized signal-to-noise ratio measure
can be encoded with 2 B {\displaystyle 2B} dimensions, according to the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem). Making appropriate substitutions, the Shannon
Eb/N0
Pulse-shaping filter in digital modulation
(horizontal) axis. The raised-cosine filter is an implementation of a low-pass Nyquist filter, i.e., one that has the property of vestigial symmetry. This means
Raised-cosine_filter
Device that converts a digital signal into an analog signal
applications. Maximum sampling rate The maximum speed at which the DACs circuitry can operate and still produce correct output. The Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
Digital-to-analog_converter
Network in mathematical dynamics
these devices are discrete in the time domain and thus are limited by the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem; both the input and output signals are generally
Bucket-brigade_device
Audio frequencies used for the transmission of speech
allowing a sampling rate of 8 kHz to be used as the basis of the pulse-code modulation system used for the digital PSTN. Per the Nyquist–Shannon sampling
Voice_frequency
File format for block-based Gzip compression
Vector Psychoacoustic Audio Concepts Bit rate ABR CBR VBR Companding Convolution Dynamic range Latency Nyquist–Shannon theorem Sampling Silence compression
BGZF
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
Widrow, B. (1956). "A Study of Rough Amplitude Quantization by Means of Nyquist Sampling Theory". IRE Transactions on Circuit Theory. 3 (4): 266–276. doi:10
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Technology that records, stores, and reproduces sound
caused by audio signals with frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency (half the sampling rate). A digital audio signal may be stored or transmitted
Digital_audio
Metrics in magnetic resonance imaging
The exact upper cutoff depends on the sampling rate (repetition time, TR) and must be below the Nyquist frequency (1/(2·TR)). fALFF is the ratio of power
Amplitude of low frequency fluctuations
Amplitude_of_low_frequency_fluctuations
Computer graphic effect
or sample-rate conversion, energy from frequencies outside of the signal frequency band of interest are folded across multiples of the Nyquist frequency
Digital_artifact
Type of filter in signal processing
design applications. The value ω = π {\displaystyle \omega =\pi } , called Nyquist frequency, corresponds to f ′ = 1 2 . {\displaystyle f'={\tfrac {1}{2}}
Finite_impulse_response
Research and scientific development company
by John B. Johnson, for which Harry Nyquist provided the theoretical analysis; this is now termed Johnson-Nyquist noise. During the 1920s, the one-time
Bell_Labs
Type of sensor
long the maximum pulse rate is just over 2 kHz. Therefore, strains can be measured which vary at frequencies up to the Nyquist frequency of 1 kHz. Shorter
Distributed_acoustic_sensing
Representation of a signal as a rectangular wave with varying duty cycle
number of Nyquist samples and the peak constraint is independent of whether the waveform is two-level or three-level. For comparison, the Nyquist–Shannon
Pulse-width_modulation
Instrument for displaying time-varying signals
signals with a bandwidth of less than half the sampling rate of the ADC (called the Nyquist limit). There is a variation of the DSO called the digital
Oscilloscope
Mathematical technique for manipulating signals
capture can be sampled at 200 million samples per second (according to Nyquist) as opposed to the 10,000 million samples per second required to sample
In-phase and quadrature components
In-phase_and_quadrature_components
Manufacturing styles of an electronic device
double layer capacitor (ELDC) these resistance values can be derived from a Nyquist plot of the capacitor's complex impedance. ESR is dependent on frequency
Capacitor_types
Electromagnetic measurement technique
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is expressed graphically in a Bode plot or a Nyquist plot. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current (AC)
Dielectric_spectroscopy
Linear filter in the time domain
of transmit filter, channel response and receive filter has to satisfy Nyquist ISI criterion. The raised-cosine filter is the most popular filter response
Root-raised-cosine_filter
Computer technology
trimming algorithms include the Short-Time Energy (STE) and Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR) methods. Similarly, those algorithms are also used in voice activity
Silence_compression
Control loop feedback mechanism
phase shifts. A more general formalism of this effect is known as the Nyquist stability criterion. The optimal behavior on a process change or setpoint
PID_controller
Fourier-related transform for signals that change over time
reference to the sampling and Nyquist frequency. Take a window of N samples from an arbitrary real-valued signal at sampling rate fs . Taking the Fourier transform
Short-time_Fourier_transform
Process of decline in quality of decisions over time
Suchitra; Nyquist, Ann-Christine (14 September 2018). "The Power of the Nudge to Decrease Decision Fatigue and Increase Influenza Vaccination Rates". JAMA
Decision_fatigue
Stage of seismic exploration
(see Sampling (signal processing) for more details). According to the Nyquist criterion, the frequency with which the seismic signal needs to be sampled
Seismic_data_acquisition
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German
Of High Quality; Pure; Genuine; First-rate
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Modern
Lord of Truth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil
Gem
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Latin
Unity; First-rate; Number One
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, German
Of High Quality; Pure; Genuine; First-rate
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Shear 1.Indian (Maharashtra); pronounced as two syllables : Hindu (Vani) name, probably from Marathi šera ‘rate’.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Arranger
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE
NYQUIST RATE