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Excessively strong or long contractions of the esophagus
Nutcracker esophagus, jackhammer esophagus, or hypercontractile peristalsis, is a disorder of the movement of the esophagus characterized by contractions
Nutcracker_esophagus
Vertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomach
leads to progressive enlargement of the esophagus, and possibly eventual megaesophagus. A nutcracker esophagus refers to swallowing that can be extremely
Esophagus
Medical condition
spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions
Esophageal_spasm
Precancerous tissue formation in the esophagus
Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which there is an abnormal (metaplastic) change in the mucosal cells that line the lower part of the esophagus. The cells
Barrett's_esophagus
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
less than 0.07% of all gastrointestinal Crohn's disease. However, the esophagus and stomach are increasingly understood to be affected in people with
Crohn's_disease
Allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus
inflammatory condition of the esophagus that involves eosinophils, a type of white blood cell. In healthy individuals, the esophagus is typically devoid of eosinophils
Eosinophilic_esophagitis
Inability to coordinate movement of the esophagus
Primary motility disorders are: Achalasia Diffuse esophageal spasm Nutcracker esophagus Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter An esophageal motility disorder
Esophageal_motility_disorder
Branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders
gastrointestinal tract, sometimes referred to as the GI tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine as well as the accessory
Gastroenterology
Inflammation of abdominal organ lining
common cause of peritonitis. Examples include perforation of the distal esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome), of the stomach (peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma)
Peritonitis
Medical condition with dark feces
bleeding that may result in melena include malignant tumors affecting the esophagus, stomach or small intestine, hemorrhagic blood diseases, such as thrombocytopenia
Melena
Medical condition
esophageal dilatation, is a disorder of the esophagus in humans and other mammals, whereby the esophagus becomes abnormally enlarged. Megaesophagus may
Megaesophagus
Entrance of abdominal organs into the middle chest through the diaphragm
and paraesophageal hernia, in which an abdominal organ moves beside the esophagus. The diagnosis may be confirmed with endoscopy or medical imaging. Endoscopy
Hiatal_hernia
Blockage of the esophagus by a food bolus
rarely it can be seen in disorders of the movement of the esophagus, such as nutcracker esophagus. While some esophageal food boli can pass by themselves
Esophageal food bolus obstruction
Esophageal_food_bolus_obstruction
Illnesses of the digestive system
illnesses) refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum; and the accessory
Gastrointestinal_disease
Chronic inflammation and degradation of the stomach lining
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Atrophic_gastritis
Chronic disease of the liver, characterized by fibrosis
complications include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, and liver cancer. Cirrhosis is most commonly
Cirrhosis
Vomiting of blood
muscle of duodenum. It may be caused by ulcers, tumors of the stomach or esophagus, varices, prolonged and vigorous retching, gastroenteritis, ingested blood
Hematemesis
Flow of stomach contents into the esophagus
in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. Symptoms include dental corrosion
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease
Medical test
of motility or peristalsis of the esophagus. These include achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and hypertensive lower esophageal
Esophageal_motility_study
Digestive system in humans
the food with saliva to produce a food bolus to be swallowed down the esophagus to enter the stomach. The second stage, the gastric phase, takes place
Human_digestive_system
Hole in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract
the gastrointestinal wall, resulting in a hole in the hollow GI tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine). A hole can occur due to
Gastrointestinal_perforation
Dilated veins in the lower oesophagus
varices are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. They are most often a consequence of portal hypertension, commonly due
Esophageal_varices
Digestive disease of the large intestine
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Diverticulitis
Tearing of the wall of the esophagus
of the esophagus or Boerhaave syndrome). Other causes of spontaneous perforation include caustic ingestion, pill esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, infectious
Esophageal_rupture
Bodily stone made of feces
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Fecalith
Medical condition
syndrome. The health care provider may also examine the structure of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine with the following tests: An upper
Dumping_syndrome
Inflammation of the appendix
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Appendicitis
Bowel movement consisting of fresh blood
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Hematochezia
Inflammatory bowel disease that causes ulcers in the colon
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Ulcerative_colitis
Autoimmune disorder
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Coeliac_disease
Medical condition
affects the small intestine and large intestine, as well as the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus, whereas UC primarily affects the colon and the
Inflammatory_bowel_disease
Inflammation of the small intestine
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Enteritis
Narrowing of the lower esophagus due to mucosal or muscular tissue
lower esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). The narrowing is caused by a ring of mucosal tissue (which lines the esophagus) or muscular
Schatzki_ring
Functional gastrointestinal disorder
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Irritable_bowel_syndrome
Disruption to the propulsive ability of the intestine
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Ileus
Medical condition
Esophageal candidiasis is an opportunistic infection of the esophagus by Candida albicans. The disease usually occurs in patients in immunocompromised
Esophageal_candidiasis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Proctalgia_fugax
Medical condition
Mallory–Weiss syndrome Neurogenic dysphagia Nutcracker esophagus Schatzki's ring Zenker's diverticulum "Esophagus Disorders SECTION II: FGIDs: DIAGNOSTIC
Esophageal_disease
Inability of the liver to perform its normal functions
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Liver_failure
Medical condition
the lower intestine from harmful organisms. The stomach connects to the esophagus above and to the small intestine below. It is intricately related to the
Stomach_disease
Medical condition
by the colon (5%), surgical anastamoses (5%), the jejunum (1%) and the esophagus (1%). Dieulafoy's lesions have been reported in the gallbladder. The pathology
Dieulafoy's_lesion
Ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract
stomach), the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first
Peptic_ulcer_disease
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Pyloric_stenosis
Protrusion of abdominal contents through the inguinal canal in the pelvis
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Inguinal_hernia
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Gastroenteritis
Presence of excess fat in feces
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Steatorrhea
Condition of impaired digestion
little evidence to prove causation. Esophagitis is an inflammation of the esophagus, most commonly caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is
Indigestion
Excessive fat buildup in the liver with other metabolic disease
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Metabolic_dysfunction–associated_steatotic_liver_disease
Abnormal exit of tissues or organs from the cavity they usually reside in
variant of this type, in which the normal passageway through which the esophagus meets the stomach (esophageal hiatus) serves as a functional "defect"
Hernia
Pinching of the intestine between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery
ileus and intermittent arterio-mesenteric occlusion. It is distinct from nutcracker syndrome, which is the entrapment of the left renal vein between the AA
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome
Medical specialty
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Hepatology
Human viral infection
such as liver failure, liver cancer, or dilated blood vessels in the esophagus and stomach. HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated
Hepatitis_C
Inflammation of the liver
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Hepatitis
Long-term abdominal symptoms after gall bladder removal
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Postcholecystectomy_syndrome
Condition in which tumours stimulate excessive gastric acid production
treatment. Chronic diarrhea, including steatorrhea (fatty stools) Pain in the esophagus, especially between and after meals at night Nausea Wheezing Vomiting
Zollinger–Ellison_syndrome
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Microscopic_colitis
Protrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal wall
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Umbilical_hernia
Inflammation of the esophagus
oesophagitis, is a disease characterized by inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube composed of a mucosal lining, and longitudinal and circular
Esophagitis
Loose or liquid bowel movements
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Diarrhea
Uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus
may be considered. It affects about 1 per 100,000 people per year. Nutcracker esophagus Esophageal spasm Goel, S; Nookala, V (January 2019). "Diffuse Esophageal
Diffuse_esophageal_spasm
Intestinal inflammation causing bloody diarrhea
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Dysentery
Medical condition
where the esophagus meets the stomach (gastroesophageal junction). However, the tears can happen anywhere from the middle of the esophagus to the cardia
Mallory–Weiss_syndrome
Cancer of the colon or rectum
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Colorectal_cancer
Protrusion of the walls of the rectum outside the body
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Rectal_prolapse
Folding of part of the intestine into itself
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Intussusception (medical disorder)
Intussusception_(medical_disorder)
Effect of alcohol consumption on the human body
impact of ADH1B and ALDH2 genes on squamous cell carcinoma risk of the esophagus with regard to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and betel quid". International
Alcohol_flush_reaction
Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Colitis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Acute_pancreatitis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Whipple's_disease
Medical intervention
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Carbonated soda treatment of phytobezoars
Carbonated_soda_treatment_of_phytobezoars
Mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Bowel_obstruction
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Enterocolitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Cholecystitis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Chronic_pancreatitis
Flow of stomach contents into the throat (larynx and pharynx)
little to no heartburn as refluxed stomach contents do not remain in the esophagus long enough to irritate the surrounding tissue. Individuals with more
Laryngopharyngeal_reflux
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Chilaiditi_syndrome
Brain disease resulting from liver failure
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Hepatic_encephalopathy
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital_diaphragmatic_hernia
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Ileitis
Narrowing of rectum
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Rectal_stricture
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Gastroparesis
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
attempted in those with presumed esophageal varices. Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum or endoscopy of the large bowel are generally recommended
Gastrointestinal_bleeding
Human disease
condition drink water to reduce the irritation of bile and acid on the esophagus during emesis. Between episodes, the affected person is usually healthy
Cyclic_vomiting_syndrome
Cancer of the oesophagus
smoking (with a twofold-increase) and obesity. Patients with Barrett's esophagus and patients with esophageal/esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma were
Oesophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma
Oesophagogastric_junctional_adenocarcinoma
Autoimmune disease of the liver
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Primary_biliary_cholangitis
Irritation of the skin of the anus, causing itching
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Pruritus_ani
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Constipation
Break or tear in anal canal skin
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Anal_fissure
Fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs, usually due to injury
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Adhesion_(medicine)
Inability to digest lactose
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Lactose_intolerance
Stomach and intestinal infection
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Travelers'_diarrhea
Surgical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Spigelian_hernia
Inflammation of the pancreas
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Pancreatitis
Medical condition where fat accumulates in the liver
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Fatty_liver_disease
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Spontaneous_bacterial_peritonitis
Inflammation of the stomach lining
flow up into the stomach; when bile travels further upwards into the esophagus, it is called gastric reflux. Excessive refluxed bile in the stomach causes
Gastritis
Blockage of the hepatic veins that drain the liver
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Budd–Chiari_syndrome
Medical condition
involves the use of endoscopy (passing a tube through the mouth into the esophagus, stomach and thence to the duodenum) to pass a small cannula into the
Ascending_cholangitis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Collagenous_colitis
Medical condition
Zenker's diverticulum Barrett's esophagus Esophageal motility disorder Nutcracker esophagus Achalasia Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Diffuse esophageal
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth
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