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Type of subroutine in computer science
In computer science, a null function (or null operator) is a subroutine that leaves the program state unchanged. When it is part of the instruction set
Null_function
Object with no referenced value or with defined neutral ("null") behavior
computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior. The null object design pattern, which
Null_object_pattern
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
In the SQL database query language, null or NULL is a special marker used to indicate that a data value does not exist in the database. Introduced by the
Null_(SQL)
Measurable set whose measure is zero
as sets of equivalence classes of functions which differ only on null sets. A measure in which all subsets of null sets are measurable is complete. Any
Null_set
Feature of some programming languages
provided by having a single null value. NULL is frequently used to represent a missing value or invalid value, such as from a function that failed to return
Nullable_type
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
distribution functions of the first and the second sample respectively, and sup {\displaystyle \sup } is the supremum function. For large samples, the null hypothesis
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Binary operator in computer programming
COALESCE function returns the first argument that is not null. If all terms are null, returns null. COALESCE(possibly_null_value[, possibly_null_value,
Null_coalescing_operator
Choosing not to use encryption
mathematics such a function is known as the identity function. Examples of this are the "eNULL" cipher suite in OpenSSL, and the "NULL Encryption Algorithm"
Null_encryption
Infinite cardinal number
ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} (read aleph-nought, aleph-zero, or aleph-null); the next larger cardinality of a well-ordered set is ℵ 1 , {\displaystyle
Aleph_number
Machine instruction that indicates to a computer to do nothing
all-zeroes opcode. A function or a sequence of programming language statements is a NOP or null statement if it has no effect. Null statements may be required
NOP_(code)
Visual Basic built-in functions
considered null. IsNull(expression1,expression2) This function, taking two arguments, is specific to Transact-SQL. In contrast to the Visual Basic function by
Is_functions
Signature pavilion at Expo 2025
null² (Japanese: ヌルヌル, pronounced Nurunuru) was a Signature Pavilion at the Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan, held on Yumeshima Island in Osaka. It was produced
Null²
Mathematical representation of absence of a value
vector addition; depending on the context, a null vector may also be a vector mapped to some null by a function under consideration (such as a quadratic form
Null_(mathematics)
Fourier series type expansion
\end{aligned}}} Some examples of Schlömilch's series are the following: Null functions in the interval ( 0 , π ) {\displaystyle (0,\pi )} can be expressed
Schlömilch's_series
Path planning algorithm
gScore(neighbor) := infinity parent(neighbor) := Null update_vertex(s, neighbor) return Null function update_vertex(s, neighbor) // This part of the algorithm
Theta*
Binary operator in computer programming
left is null as well. In C#, the null-conditional operator, ?. is referred to as the "Elvis operator", but it does not perform the same function. Instead
Elvis_operator
Position that there is no relationship between two phenomena
The null hypothesis (often denoted H 0 {\textstyle H_{0}} ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis
Null_hypothesis
A stubroutine (also known as a stub function, null script, null subroutine, or null function) is a command script or program subroutine which does nothing
Stubroutine
Probability distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis
the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. For example, in an F-test, the null distribution
Null_distribution
Function that is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere
of continuous functions do exist, for example the Lipschitz functions, whose set of non-differentiability points must be a Lebesgue null set (Rademacher's
Weierstrass_function
Nonfunctional allele caused by a genetic mutation
a product that does not function properly; in either case, the allele may be considered nonfunctional. The presence of a null allele cannot be distinguished
Null_allele
General-purpose programming language
(diverts execution to) the C standard library function printf with the address of the first character of a null-terminated string specified as a string literal
C_(programming_language)
Type that allows only one value
to the null expression. A type will be defined for null and it will only have this value. For example in D, it is possible to declare functions that may
Unit_type
Soviet and Russian test pilot (1927–2010)
software initially used in the nav/attack system of the Su-24 lacked a null function, and failed to proceed after it hit the so-called "machine zero", i
Vladimir_Ilyushin
Scripting language created in 1994
breaking change in a future major version, such as passing null to non-nullable internal function parameters and referring to properties which have not been
PHP
Data structure
computer programming, a null-terminated string is a character string stored as an array containing the characters and terminated with a null character (a character
Null-terminated_string
vertex in the original graph. The null model is the basic concept behind the definition of modularity, a function which evaluates the goodness of partitions
Null_model
General-purpose programming language
neverNull: Int) { // use of Elvis operator val name: String = maybe ?: "stranger" println("Hello $name") } Kotlin supports higher-order functions and anonymous
Kotlin
Computer fault caused by access to restricted memory
error in programs written in languages that support pointers that can be null, or that can be set to an arbitrary value, or that support arrays, and in
Segmentation_fault
Boundary region of asymptotically flat spacetimes in general relativity
In theoretical physics, null infinity is a region at the boundary of asymptotically flat spacetimes. In general relativity, straight paths in spacetime
Null_infinity
JavaScript syntax extension
createElement("div", null, React.createElement("p", null, "Header"), React.createElement("p", null, "Content"), React.createElement("p", null, "Footer")); };
JavaScript_XML
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Null-terminated string, known as a C string or C-style string due to its use by the C programming language C string handling, C functions to work
C_string
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values, though there are some hash functions that support
Hash_function
Generalized function whose value is zero everywhere except at zero
Dirac delta function (or δ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\delta }}} distribution), also known as the unit impulse, is a generalized function on the real
Dirac_delta_function
gene function. Amorph is sometimes used interchangeably with "genetic null". An amorphic mutation might cause complete loss of protein function by disrupting
Muller's_morphs
Type of function in database management
(mean ignoring NaN values, also known as "nil" or "null") Stddev Formally, an aggregate function takes as input a set, a multiset (bag), or a list from
Aggregate_function
Boolean operator
call operator, null-conditional operator, null-propagation operator) is a binary operator that returns null if its first argument is null; otherwise it
Safe_navigation_operator
Function that "converges" to periodicity
almost periodic functions. If one quotients out a subspace of "null" functions, it can be identified with the space of Lp functions on the Bohr compactification
Almost_periodic_function
^{(\gamma )})=\mathbf {0} } , where ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is not the null function. If these conditions are satisfied at least locally, then the (possibly
Flatness_(systems_theory)
Mathematical description of quantum state
normalizable wave functions for a system with a particular choice of basis, together with the null vector, constitute a Hilbert space. Not all functions of interest
Wave_function
Function used in signal processing
processing and statistics, a window function (also known as an apodization function or tapering function) is a mathematical function that is zero-valued outside
Window_function
Study of collection and analysis of data
an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship between two data sets. Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using statistical
Statistics
SQL clause
above tables: CREATE TABLE department( DepartmentID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, DepartmentName VARCHAR(20) ); CREATE TABLE employee ( LastName VARCHAR(20)
Join_(SQL)
Tree searching strategy
remaining then return null function DLS(node, depth) is if depth = 0 then if node is a goal then return (node, true) else return (null, true) (Not found,
Iterative deepening depth-first search
Iterative_deepening_depth-first_search
2024 video game
created the universe over the void to seal away Null, causing it to resent them. After Hyrule was founded, Null attempted to break its seal by creating rifts
The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Echoes_of_Wisdom
Vectors mapped to 0 by a linear map
In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the part of the domain which is mapped to the zero vector of
Kernel_(linear_algebra)
Self-balancing binary search tree data structure
black⟩,TR) The split algorithm is as follows: function split(T, k): if (T = NULL) return (NULL, false, NULL) if (k = T.key) return (T.left, true, T.right)
Red–black_tree
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
be null. Each pointer has a type it points to, but one can freely cast between pointer types. However, it is not possible to cast between a function pointer
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Continuous deformation between two continuous functions
homotopy equivalence. A function f {\displaystyle f} is said to be null-homotopic if it is homotopic to a constant function. (The homotopy from f {\displaystyle
Homotopy
Function of the observed sample results
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed,
P-value
Unique string of length zero
formal language theory, the empty string, also known as the empty word or null string, is the unique string of length zero. Formally, a string is a finite
Empty_string
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
the null hypothesis) given that some prespecified effect actually exists using a given test in a given context. In typical use, it is a function of the
Power_(statistics)
Statistical model for a binary dependent variable
use in predicting the yk outcomes: The data points are fitted to a null model function of the form y = b0 with a squared error term: ε 2 = ∑ k = 1 K ( b
Logistic_regression
Linked list data structure
newNode.prev := null newNode.next := null else insertBefore(list, list.firstNode, newNode) A symmetric function inserts at the end: function insertEnd(List
Doubly_linked_list
Statistical hypothesis test
sums to t + − n {\displaystyle t^{+}-n} . Under the null hypothesis, the probability mass function of T + {\displaystyle T^{+}} satisfies Pr ( T + = t
Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
Handling of strings in the C programming language
term. Functions for handling memory buffers can process sequences of bytes that include null-byte as part of the data. Names of these functions typically
C_string_handling
Computer program or file valid in multiple programming languages or file formats
#define printf printf( #define true ) #define function function main() { printf "Hello, world!\n"true/* 2> /dev/null | grep -v true*/; return 0; } #define c
Polyglot_(computing)
Joining of strings in a programming language
Wikifunctions has a concat function. In formal language theory and computer programming, concatenation is the operation of joining sequential objects,
Concatenation
2011 edition of the C++ programming language standard
is allowed as a null pointer constant. This interacts poorly with function overloading: void foo(char* s); void foo(int i); If NULL is defined as 0 (which
C++11
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons. FDR-controlling
False_discovery_rate
Techniques to alter a program
the real function } int main(int argc, CHAR *argv[]) { DetourIATptr("MessageBoxA",(void*)NewMessageBoxA,0); //Hook the function MessageBoxA(NULL, "Just
Hooking
Encryption technique
Arlington Hall's ability to read the VENONA messages was spotty, being a function of the underlying code, key changes, and the lack of volume. Of the message
One-time_pad
Simple encryption method
are 26 letters in the basic Latin alphabet and 26 = 2 × 13, the ROT13 function is its own inverse: ROT 13 ( ROT 13 ( x ) ) = x {\displaystyle
ROT13
Monotone maps have countable discontinuities
discontinuities of a monotone real-valued function of a real variable; all discontinuities of such a (monotone) function are necessarily jump discontinuities
Discontinuities of monotone functions
Discontinuities_of_monotone_functions
Method of statistical inference
statement about the sample). The test compares two hypotheses: a default "null" hypothesis (denoted H0) and its negation, the alternative hypothesis (H1)
Statistical_hypothesis_test
f^{(2n+1)}} is the null function (because f {\displaystyle f} is a polynomial function of degree 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} ). Since each function f ( k ) {\displaystyle
Proof_that_pi_is_irrational
Software interface between C and Verilog
compiletf */ NULL, /* sizetf */ NULL, /* user_data */ NULL }; vpi_register_systf(&data); } // Contains a zero-terminated list of functions that have to
Verilog_Procedural_Interface
Type of substitution cipher
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Pigpen_cipher
Function over multiple rows in SQL
Michael| Nick| Ophelia| | Nick| Ophelia| Zach| | Ophelia| Zach| (null)| Window functions were incorporated into the SQL:2003 standard and had functionality
Window_function_(SQL)
Function that loads and executes a new child process
array is null. When the envp argument is null, the child inherits the parent's environment settings. Under Microsoft Windows, the spawn* functions use LoadModule
Spawn_(computing)
Evaluation of a function on its argument
apply(null, args); ES6 adds the spread operator func(...args) which may be used instead of apply. In Lua, apply can be written this way: function apply(f
Function_application
1995 edition of the Fortran programming language standard
specification statement, is to use the NULL function: REAL, POINTER, DIMENSION(:) :: vector => NULL() ! compile time vector => NULL() ! run time For intrinsic types
Fortran_95_language_features
General-purpose programming language
used to solve null pointer problems; they are also useful for any type of value where "no value" is an appropriate answer. Consider a function countTheNumberOfUsers
Zig_(programming_language)
Number
a null value as an argument in a remote service call means that no data is sent. Because the receiving parameter is nullable, the receiving function creates
0
Sorting algorithm
(list == NULL || list->next == NULL) { return list; } // head is the first element of resulting sorted list struct LinkedList* head = NULL; while (list
Insertion_sort
Simple type of polyalphabetic encryption system
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Vigenère_cipher
In computing, a condition where an expression does not have a correct value
on attempt of its evaluation. Nullable types offer an intermediate approach; see below. The value of a partial function is undefined when its argument
Undefined_value
example, the signature of a function that removes null elements from a stream of values could be: Iterable<Element&Object> removeNulls<Element>(Iterable<Element>
Ceylon_(programming_language)
Software design pattern
automate web pages. function ConsoleClass() { var Input = null; var Output = null; var Error = null; // ... this.prepare = function() { this.Input = new
Module_pattern
Computer programming language
containing a type. Squirrel’s basic types are integer, float, string, null, table, array, function, generator, class, instance, bool, thread and userdata. An Integer
Squirrel (programming language)
Squirrel_(programming_language)
Abstract data type
r,s)} and aux ( f , r , null ) = ( f ′ , null , f ′ ) {\displaystyle {\texttt {aux}}(f,r,{\texttt {null}})=(f',{\texttt {null}},f')} where f ′ {\displaystyle
Queue_(abstract_data_type)
Statistical test for normality of data
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. It is used to test the null hypothesis that data come from a normally distributed population, when the null hypothesis does not specify which
Lilliefors_test
Edge case where the signalling of failure is ambiguous
fopen() function. In dynamically typed languages, such as PHP and Lisp, the usual approach is to return false, none, or null when the function call fails
Semipredicate_problem
Input/output functionality in the C programming language
programming language provides many standard library functions for file input and output. These functions make up the bulk of the C standard library header
C_file_input/output
Digital circuit without clock cycles
work Logically determined design in 2005 which used four-valued logic with null and intermediate being the additional values. This architecture is important
Asynchronous_circuit
Statistical test that compares goodness of fit
function L {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}} , and ℓ ( θ 0 ) {\displaystyle \ell (\theta _{0})} is the maximal value in the special case that the null hypothesis
Likelihood-ratio_test
Topics referred to by the same term
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram 0 allomorph, also null allomorph, a special kind of allomorph in morphology which has the form of a null morpheme 0 address arithmetic, zero
0A
Return code in the SQL standard
01 warning 002 disconnect error 01003 W 01 warning 003 null value eliminated in set function 01004 W 01 warning 004 string data, right truncation 01005
SQLSTATE
Statistical test based on the gradient of the likelihood function
the gradient of the likelihood function—known as the score—evaluated at the hypothesized parameter value under the null hypothesis. Intuitively, if the
Score_test
Statistical hypothesis test
test is valid when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis, specifically Pearson's chi-squared test and variants thereof
Chi-squared_test
Simple and widely known encryption technique
communications security. Wikifunctions has a Latin alphabet Caesar cipher function. The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets; the cipher
Caesar_cipher
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
of a true null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing. A type II error, or a false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a false null hypothesis
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Circuit theorem
output of the system's transfer function is nulled for any value of the primary input to the system's transfer function. In practice, Zn(s) can be found
Extra_element_theorem
Probability distribution
variance, and rejects the null hypothesis if these two quantities differ significantly. Tests based on the empirical distribution function: Anderson–Darling test
Normal_distribution
Absence in linguistics
Retrieved 2009-10-21. A phonologically null copula functioning as a light verb in Japanese by Yutaka Sato, p. 2 "Null copula". Yale Grammatical Diversity
Zero_(linguistics)
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
in module code or async function body await The following words refer to literal values used by the language. true false null JavaScript also defines
JavaScript_syntax
Function with variable number of arguments
sentinel value like NULL or nullptr may be used to indicate the end of the parameter list.) If fewer arguments are passed in than the function believes, or the
Variadic_function
Continuation that returns a value
element (k 'ignored)))) collection) stream-null)))) The part between reset and shift includes control functions like lambda and for-each; this is impossible
Delimited_continuation
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
happens not to be divisible by five, it may be padded at the end with "nulls". These can be any characters that decrypt to obvious nonsense, so that
Substitution_cipher
Puzzle
Slidex Solitaire Codes Book Code talker Poem Steganography Bacon Grille Null Cryptanalysis Cryptogram Frequency analysis Index of coincidence (Units:
Cryptogram
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