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Proposed United States super heavy-lift launch vehicle
Nova was a series of NASA's rocket designs that were proposed both before and after the Saturn V rocket used in the Apollo program. Nova was NASA's first
Nova_(NASA_rocket)
Topics referred to by the same term
A3 Kappa 8L, a model of Kappa (rocket) F-8L, a model of Vought F-8 Crusader Nova 8L, proposed model of Nova (NASA rocket) HJ-8L, a model of HJ-8 missile
8L
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
orbital launchers families Nova (NASA rocket) R-56 (rocket) Space Launch System (NASA SLS) SpaceX Starship Universal Rockets UR-700 Calculated as sum of
N1_(rocket)
Topics referred to by the same term
(NASA rocket), a series of proposed NASA rocket designs in the 1960s Air Nova, a Canadian airline Nova Air, an airline based in Mexico City, Mexico Nova Airways
Nova_(disambiguation)
1962 concept for a reusable, sea-launched rocket
created intended to be launched by floating the rocket in the ocean. Although there was some interest at both NASA and Todd Shipyards, the project was not implemented
Sea_Dragon_(rocket)
Family of American rockets
of NASA and USAF Scouts. The basic NASA Scout configuration, from which all variants were derived, was known as Scout-X1. It was a four-stage rocket, which
Scout_(rocket_family)
Family of American heavy-lift rocket launch vehicles
was not nearly large enough. NASA started examining a number of potential rocket designs under their Nova program. NASA was not alone in studying crewed
Saturn_(rocket_family)
US Nuclear thermal rocket engine project (1956–1973)
ballistic missiles. Nuclear thermal rocket engines promised to be more efficient than chemical ones. After the formation of NASA in 1958, Project Rover was continued
NERVA
Rocket able to lift 50,000 kg to low Earth orbit
1965 by NASA as successors to the Saturn V rocket. It would have been able to carry up to 160,880 kg (354,680 lb) to low Earth orbit. The Nova designs
Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle
Rocket engine used on the Saturn V rocket
Giants: Apollo Rocket Propulsion Development, 2009, John C. Stennis Space Center. Monograph in Aerospace History No. 45 NASA How NASA brought the monstrous
Rocketdyne_F-1
NASA-led lunar exploration program
Launch to the Moon (Official NASA Broadcast) - Nov. 16, 2022, November 16, 2022, retrieved November 16, 2022 "NASA Prepares Rocket, Spacecraft Ahead of Tropical
Artemis_program
Medium-lift expendable rocket by Northrop Grumman
Perrotto, Trent J. (April 21, 2013). "NASA Partner Orbital Sciences Test Launches Antares Rocket" (Press release). NASA. Retrieved April 25, 2013. "Antares
Antares_(rocket)
One of the largest rocket engines to be designed
spacecraft into LEO. Prior to NASA taking over Wernher von Braun's Saturn work for the US Army, they had no large rocket designs of their own, and started
Aerojet_M-1
American rocket used by space program
formed civilian NASA. Its design proved sound and flexible. It was successful in initiating the development of liquid hydrogen-fueled rocket propulsion, launching
Saturn_I
American super heavy-lift expendable rocket
heavy-lift launch vehicle developed by NASA under the Apollo program for human exploration of the Moon. The rocket was human-rated, had three stages, and
Saturn_V
Type of rocket engine
1997/8 NASA for X-33 Rotary Rocket – American rocketry company Sabre – Proposed hybrid ramjet and rocket engine Expansion deflection nozzle "NASA - Linear
Aerospike_engine
Rocket-powered aircraft and spaceplane operated by the US Air Force and NASA
hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft formerly operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part
North_American_X-15
Partially-reusable medium-lift launch vehicle by SpaceX
most satellites launched by a single rocket, carrying 143 into orbit. Falcon 9 is human-rated for transporting NASA astronauts to the ISS, certified for
Falcon_9
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2020. Dumoulin, Jim (August 31, 2000). "Solid Rocket Boosters". NASA
Space_Shuttle
U.S. Navy satellite program in the 1950s
History (NASA SP-4202, 1970) online book Archived 7 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine NASA History Series Publications (many of which are on-line) NOVA - Sputnik
Project_Vanguard
Lunar lander developed by Intuitive Machines
vertical landing. Intuitive Machines is conducting the first three Nova-C missions for the NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services program. The landers are tasked
Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C
Soviet launch vehicle
N1 rocket. The facilities and infrastructure built for the N1 were reused for Energia (notably the huge horizontal assembly building), just as NASA reused
Energia_(rocket)
2026 lunar landing mission
for NASA's CLPS program, using a Nova-C lunar lander. It will deliver payloads to the lunar swirl in the Reiner Gamma region. NASA selected a Nova-C mission
IM-3
Air-launched rocket
space launch missions announced for the Pegasus XL rocket. The future (under construction as of 2019) NASA Explorer program mission Polarimeter to Unify the
Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus
spaceline.org. Cliff Lethbridge. Retrieved 9 October 2021. Delta II Data Sheet "NASA launches rescue mission to save the Swift space telescope". Space. 2026-06-29
List of rockets of the United States
List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States
Falcon 9 to return to regular operations. "SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket launches NASA's Europa Clipper probe to explore icy Jupiter ocean moon (video)"
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2024)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2024)
Category of space launch vehicle
launch vehicle (MLV) is a rocket launch vehicle that is capable of lifting between 2,000 to 20,000 kg (4,400 to 44,100 lb) by NASA classification or between
Medium-lift_launch_vehicle
American launch vehicle manufacturer
12 June 2026. "Innovative NASA alloy used for 3D printed rocket". Space Daily. TMRO:Space - Relativity: How to print a rocket on Earth and Mars - Orbit
Relativity_Space
German American aerospace engineer (1912–1977)
but it was denied at the time. NASA was established by law on 29 July 1958. One day later, the 50th Redstone rocket was successfully launched from Johnston
Wernher_von_Braun
Liquid form of rocket propellants
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant)
Liquid_rocket_propellant
NASA rockets to cease operations". ABC News. Retrieved 16 February 2026. "Missions Launched". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 28 March 2024. "Electron". Rocket
List_of_rocket_launch_sites
NASA launch facility in Florida
the 525-foot (160 m) tall Vehicle Assembly Building for stacking NASA's largest rockets, the Launch Control Center, which conducts space launches at KSC
Kennedy_Space_Center
American astronaut and entrepreneur (born 1950)
mechanical engineer, physicist, and former NASA astronaut. He is the sole founder and CEO of Ad Astra Rocket Company as well as a member of the Cummins'
Franklin_Chang-Díaz
"@w_robinsonsmith @NASA @MyNews13 @Jon_Shaban @gpallone13 @NASAKennedy All three of our booked missions are launching on a @SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket from @NASAKennedy
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches
Proposed NASA super-heavy-lift launch vehicle
member of the Saturn series of rockets to be designed. It was a potential alternative to the Nova rocket, should NASA have chosen a direct ascent method
Saturn_C-8
Third rocket in the Saturn C series studied from 1959 to 1962
description of a Saturn C-3 and Nova vehicle. July 25, 1961. Accessed at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790076768_1979076768.pdf
Saturn_C-3
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009. TheStar.com, "NASA crashes rocket into moon". "Moon-bound twin GRAIL spacecraft launch success". EarthSky
Moon_landing
NASA vertical landing and takeoff test vehicle
Eagle Nova-C Quad (rocket) Raptor (rocket engine family) VTVL a. ^ Methane is an environmentally friendly (i.e. non-toxic) propellant that NASA hopes
Project_Morpheus
Partially reusable super-heavy-lift launch vehicle by SpaceX
operational launch vehicle behind NASA's Space Launch System (SLS), and the fourth-highest capacity of any rocket to reach orbit, trailing behind the
Falcon_Heavy
Mike (19 November 2025). "Private mission to save NASA space telescope will launch in 2026 on a rocket dropped from a plane". Space.com. Retrieved 14 March
List of spaceflight launches in July–September 2026
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_July–September_2026
spacecraft and the complete Long March 10A rocket, both intended for the country's crewed lunar program. On 13 February, NASA launched the first crewed spaceflight
2026_in_spaceflight
Upcoming crewed mission of the Artemis program
Retrieved January 18, 2026. NASA Communications team (August 18, 2025). "NASA Begins Processing Artemis III Moon Rocket at Kennedy". NASA. Retrieved August 18
Artemis_III
Satellite bus made by Rocket Lab
for NASA, Rocket Lab utilised its Photon spacecraft for a low-altitude lunar flyby. Due to the high amount of customization Photon can undergo, Rocket Lab
Rocket_Lab_Photon
Two-stage small launch vehicle, 200-300 kg to LEO
Electron is a two-stage, expendable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, a publicly traded aerospace manufacturer and launch service provider
Rocket_Lab_Electron
Twitter. Belam, Martin (January 8, 2024). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon lander lifts off in Florida – live updates"
Comparison of orbital rocket engines
Comparison_of_orbital_rocket_engines
msg2739895;topicseen#new https://www.nasa.gov/blogs/wallops/2025/12/01/nasa-wallops-to-support-december-sounding-rocket-launch-operations/ "India successfully
List of spaceflight launches in October–December 2025
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_October–December_2025
Rocket engine operation method
SpaceX's Raptor engine the king of rocket engines?". Everyday Astronaut. Retrieved 5 April 2021. Rocket power cycles Nasa's full flow stages combustion cycle
Staged_combustion_cycle
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
fruition, and in March 2018, NASA decided that the Gateway's initial module would instead launch on a commercial rocket due to delays in constructing
Artemis_II
Vehicles that can go to space and return
Rocketplane Kistler) and Rotary Rocket, attempted to build reusable privately developed rockets in the 1990s before going bankrupt. NASA proposed reusable concepts
Reusable_launch_vehicle
U.S. project to build a nuclear thermal rocket
the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and NASA. Project Rover became part of NASA's Nuclear Engine for Rocket Vehicle Application (NERVA) project and henceforth
Project_Rover
Rocket engine
commonly known as Rocketdyne J-2, was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. Built in the United States
Rocketdyne_J-2
NASA program for delivery of cargo to the ISS
Test Launches Antares Rocket" (Press release). NASA. Retrieved April 25, 2013. "SpaceX wins 5 new space station cargo missions in NASA contract estimated
Commercial_Resupply_Services
Partially-reusable heavy-lift launch vehicle by Blue Origin
Glenn began before 2013 and was officially announced in 2016. The rocket is named for NASA astronaut John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth. The inaugural
New_Glenn
2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021. "Rocket Lab to Launch NASA Funded Commercial Moon Mission from New Zealand". Rocket Lab. 9 August 2021. Archived from
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
Canceled NASA rocket key to the Constellation program
subcontractor for the J-2X rocket engine on July 16, 2007. NASA selected Boeing to provide and install the avionics for the Ares I rocket on December 12, 2007
Ares_I
Rocket able to lift less than 2,000 kg to low Earth orbit
small-lift launch vehicle is a rocket orbital launch vehicle that is capable of lifting 2,000 kilograms (4,400 lb) or less (by NASA classification) or under
Small-lift_launch_vehicle
Crash of rocket into the Moon
metric tonne spent upper stage (designated 2025-010D) of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket collided with the Moon near Einstein Crater on 5 August 2026. The spacecraft
2026_SpaceX_lunar_impact
July 2025. "OCHRE Student Rocket". European Spaceflight. Retrieved 19 February 2026. Boyce, Rob (5 March 2022). "NASA rocket launches from Poker Flat in
List of spaceflight launches in October–December 2026
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_October–December_2026
Artemis program crewed spacecraft
equipped with a NASA Docking System port and glass cockpit displays. It is intended to be launched atop the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with a tower-mounted
Orion_(spacecraft)
Uncrewed re-usable spaceplane technology demonstrator for the VentureStar
Systems Kankoh-maru List of NASA cancellations Lunar Lander Challenge Masten Space Systems McDonnell Douglas DC-X Quad (rocket) Reusable Vehicle Testing
Lockheed_Martin_X-33
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
the Saturn rocket family, which when mature gave the US parity with the Soviets in terms of lifting capability, was thus transferred to NASA. The US and
Space_Race
and thus demonstrated the rocket's "engine out" capability in flight. Due to ISS visiting vehicle safety rules, at NASA's request, the secondary payload
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2010–2019)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2010–2019)
PSLV-XL rocket. NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity flew its 72nd and last flight on 18 January. Because all four of its rotor blades were damaged, NASA subsequently
2024_in_spaceflight
2025 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
aboard a Soyuz-2.1a rocket carrying three crew members, Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Ryzhikov and Alexey Zubritsky, along with NASA astronaut Jonny Kim
Soyuz_MS-27
German rocket engineer (1906–1996)
the U.S. Army and NASA, where he managed the development of several systems, including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket. In 1984, the U
Arthur_Rudolph
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
Hydrogen: The Centaur Upper Stage Rocket 1958–2002 (PDF). The NASA History Series. Washington D.C.: NASA. OCLC 51518552. NASA SP-2400-4320. Retrieved September
Apollo_program
Spaceflight maneuver
direct ascent (on a single launch vehicle), the rocket required would have to be extremely large, in the Nova class. The alternative to this would have been
Lunar_orbit_rendezvous
Historic Apollo Moonport
succession. Furthermore, the selection of the actual rockets was still ongoing; NASA was proposing the Nova design while their newly-acquired former Army group
Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39
Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39
2025 lunar landing mission
company to complete a fully successful soft landing on the Moon. As part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, the mission delivered ten scientific
Blue_Ghost_Mission_1
Government agency
capabilities (sounding rockets), therefore, Alouette 1 was sent aloft by the American National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from Vandenberg Air
Canadian_Space_Agency
2024 lunar landing mission
landing mission conducted by Intuitive Machines (IM) in February 2024 using a Nova-C lunar lander. After contact with the lunar surface on February 22 the lander
IM-1
NASA space probe launched in 1977
Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program. It was launched on a trajectory towards the gas giants
Voyager_2
2025 lunar landing mission
operated by Intuitive Machines as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. The Nova-C lander, named Athena, reached the surface
IM-2
prototyping work. In 2021, ESA agreed with NASA to launch MPAc with a Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) mission. Nova-C, the lander on which MPAc will be
MoonLIGHT
Billionaire space rivalry
the U.S. NASA Artemis program, NSSL, and other planetary missions. April 2025 At 01:46 (UTC), Fram2 launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, becoming
Billionaire_space_race
American science journalist
Bombers" and “Megastorm Aftermath” for PBS' Nova. In 2014, he produced and narrated "Why Planes Vanish" for Nova, adapted from "Where is Flight MH370?" from
Miles_O'Brien_(journalist)
Puerto Rican physicist
studying at Stanford, Figueroa-Feliciano did his dissertation research at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, as part of the Science Cooperative
Enectalí_Figueroa-Feliciano
Proposed method of Moon landing
required developing an enormous launch vehicle, either the Saturn C-8 or Nova rocket, to launch the three-man Apollo spacecraft, with an attached landing
Direct_ascent
Heavy – Rockets". spaceflight101.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14. Belam, Martin (2024-01-08). "Nasa Peregrine 1 launch: Vulcan Centaur rocket carrying Nasa moon
List of private spaceflight companies
List_of_private_spaceflight_companies
Spacecraft capable of aerodynamic flight in atmosphere
September 2025). "NASA, Sierra Space Modify Commercial Resupply Services Contract - NASA". NASA. Retrieved 25 September 2025. "NOVA Online | Stationed
Spaceplane
Rocket engine that uses both liquid / gaseous and solid fuel
A hybrid-propellant rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor that uses rocket propellants in two different phases: one solid and the other either gas or
Hybrid-propellant_rocket
Engineering test rocket launches but fails to reach targeted altitude at Spaceport Nova Scotia". Retrieved 10 June 2026. "For the first time, NASA will launch
List of spaceflight launches in April–June 2026
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_April–June_2026
NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
was awarded by NASA on November 17, 2021 to Intuitive Machines, their 3rd award. Their Nova-C lander was contracted to land four NASA payloads (about
Commercial Lunar Payload Services
Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services
Effort by SpaceX to make rockets that can fly multiple times
2020). "SpaceX wins NASA approval to launch astronauts on reused rockets and spacecraft". Teslarati. Retrieved June 10, 2020. "NASA SpaceX Agreement, change
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program
Canceled NASA rocket key to Project Constellation
of Apollo. Development of the rocket and its Earth departure stage was led by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. NASA's Ames Research Center was responsible
Ares_V
2020s class of partially reusable spacecraft
Block 5 rocket, and the capsule returns to Earth through splashdown. Crew Dragon's primary role is to transport crews to and from the ISS under NASA's Commercial
SpaceX_Dragon_2
US deep space exploration programs
orbit and back... Clark, Stephen (February 21, 2026). "NASA says it needs to haul the Artemis II rocket back to the hangar for repairs". Ars Technica. Retrieved
List_of_Artemis_missions
CEO of Astra Space (born 1977)
the Apache 2.0 license framework, the Nova cloud computing controller. As CTO, Kemp also pioneered the use of NASA's unique public-private partnership authority
Chris_Kemp
American rocket engine design and production company
supplying all of the major engines for the Saturn rocket, and potentially, the huge Nova rocket designs. Rocketdyne's H-1 engine was used by the Saturn
Rocketdyne
NASA research facility in Northern California
The Ames Research Center (ARC), also known as NASA Ames, is a major NASA research center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley. It
Ames_Research_Center
First artificial Earth satellite
philosophically sympathetic to communism.) On 17 December 1954, chief Soviet rocket scientist Sergei Korolev proposed a developmental plan for an artificial
Sputnik_1
Summer 2024 cargo mission to the ISS
and 22 using its Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket. Cygnus was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation, partially funded by NASA under the agency's Commercial Orbital
Cygnus_NG-21
Partially-reusable medium-lift launch vehicle
On February 28, 2022, Rocket Lab announced that Neutron will launch from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport (MARS) within NASA's Wallops Flight Facility
Rocket_Lab_Neutron
Rocket developed by Blue Origin
vehicle for use as an uncrewed rocket for NASA's suborbital reusable launch vehicle (sRLV) solicitation under NASA's Flight Opportunities Program. Blue
New_Shepard
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
placed on top of the rocket on September 21, and the rocket made the slow 3-mile (4.8 km) journey to the launch pad atop one of NASA's two massive crawler-transporters
Apollo_8
drawing board. Spaceflight portal Comparison of orbital launch systems Non-rocket spacelaunch List of orbital launch systems List of private spaceflight companies#Crew
List of canceled launch vehicle designs
List_of_canceled_launch_vehicle_designs
Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
Peregrine, was built by Astrobotic Technology and carried payloads for the NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. Peregrine Mission One launched
Peregrine_Mission_One
Space Shuttle Challenger disaster report
Administrator of NASA Jesse W. Moore, Associate Administrator for space Flight, NASA Lawrence B. Mulloy, Project Manager, Solid Rocket Boosters, Marshall
Rogers_Commission_Report
"NASA Sounding Rockets BlueBook" (PDF). Wallops Flight Facility. NASA. 23 November 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024. "NASA to Launch Three Rockets from
List of spaceflight launches in January–March 2025
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_January–March_2025
Type of company which specialises in launching spacecraft
subcontracted the production of GEM solid rocket motors for their Delta II and Delta IV (medium version) rockets to Alliant Techsystems (both vehicles are
List of launch service providers
List_of_launch_service_providers
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET
NOVA NASA-ROCKET