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Type of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous, and most who contract it make a full recovery within two to three days. Norovirus can establish
Norovirus
Species of virus
norovirus (MNV) is a species of norovirus affecting mice. It was first identified in 2003. MNV is commonly used in research to model Human norovirus because
Murine_norovirus
American Mexican restaurant chain
policies in July 2017. A norovirus outbreak is being investigated in Virginia. More than 130 people reported having norovirus-like symptoms and two individuals
Chipotle_Mexican_Grill
hours. Norovirus outbreaks are often perceived to be associated with cruise ships. According to the American CDC, factors that cause norovirus to be associated
Infectious disease on cruise ships
Infectious_disease_on_cruise_ships
Cruise ship owned and operated by Princess Cruises
trips (scheduled for 18 and 25 March). Caribbean Princess experienced a norovirus outbreak in January 2014 sickening approximately 200 people on board.
Caribbean_Princess
Sun-class cruise ship
difficulty of eradicating norovirus. In January 2018, about 200 passengers were reported to have been infected with norovirus during a two-week round trip
MS_Dream_(1998)
Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages
hours. Norovirus outbreaks are often perceived to be associated with cruise ships. According to the United States CDC, the factors that cause norovirus to
Cruise_ship
Strain of virus
GII.4 Sydney is a strain of Norovirus first discovered in March 2012 and was the strain responsible for several Norovirus outbreaks worldwide, and appears
Norovirus_GII.4_Sydney
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
children, rotavirus is the most common cause of severe disease. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are common causes. Eating improperly prepared food,
Gastroenteritis
Illness from eating spoiled or contaminated food
Priority date March 31, 1999. "Norovirus Facts and Stats". CDC. June 2024. "Norovirus Facts and Stats". CDC. June 2024. "Norovirus Outbreaks". CDC. March 2026
Foodborne_illness
Collection of internationally recognized food standards
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Codex_Alimentarius
Restaurant in Bray, Berkshire, England
develop new dish concepts. In 2009, the Fat Duck suffered from the largest norovirus outbreak ever documented at a restaurant, with more than 400 diners falling
The_Fat_Duck
Sphere-class cruise ship operated by Princess Cruises
bottle of their Pantalones Tequila. In March 2026 the ship was hit by a norovirus outbreak during a Caribbean cruise, where over 150 passengers and crew
Star_Princess_(2024)
Vomiting of blood
drugs.[citation needed] However, this is not found in stomach viruses (norovirus, rotovirus, etc.) Hematemesis is treated as a medical emergency, with
Hematemesis
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
including influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2, chickenpox, smallpox, and measles. Norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis, are transmitted
Virus
Dispersal of microscopic particles from flushing toilet
and/or land on surfaces. There is evidence that specific pathogens such as norovirus or SARS coronavirus can be spread by toilet aerosols. It has been hypothesized
Toilet_plume
Transmission route of human viruses
astrovirus astrovirus Gastroenteritis, diarrhea Calicivirus Norovirus Norwalk virus norovirus, winter vomiting bug Gastroenteritis, fever Coronaviridae
Human_viruses_in_water
Genus of viruses
artifact of legally mandated outbreak reporting. Norovirus is most commonly associated with sapovirus. Norovirus and sapovirus genomes are very closely related;
Sapovirus
Statutory body in India
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
Food_Safety_and_Standards_Authority_of_India
American biotechnology company
development of an oral tablet vaccine for Norovirus, the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. Norovirus significantly impacts all age groups,
Vaxart
Low-temperature supply chain
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Cold_chain
Norwegian–American cruise line
home ports, ports of call, and agencies. In January 2014, an outbreak of norovirus aboard Explorer of the Seas sickened 689 of 4,237 passengers and crew
Royal_Caribbean_International
Mexican-style street food restaurant group in the United Kingdom
other locations including Manchester, were suspected as the source of a norovirus outbreak leading to 1000 people falling ill, with symptoms including vomiting
Wahaca
Cruise ship built in 2005
16-day transatlantic voyage, over 700 people contracted the contagious norovirus illness. On the morning of November 15, Carnival Cruise Lines announced
Carnival_Liberty
American chain of restaurants
now closed) and Orlando, Florida in late 2012. In 2012, an outbreak of norovirus was linked to a now closed Golden Corral restaurant in Casper, Wyoming
Golden_Corral
Temperature range where food-borne bacteria can grow
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Danger_zone_(food_safety)
2023 Marvel Studios film
Quantumania and Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023), contracted norovirus following an outbreak at the studio. The main cast was not affected. In
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania
Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp:_Quantumania
Cruise ship
102 passengers had contracted norovirus. Crown Princess had previously been plagued by two separate outbreaks of norovirus in January and February 2012
Crown_Princess_(2005)
Expulsion of stomach contents via the mouth or nose
on 2023-12-28. Retrieved 2023-01-02. CDC (2024-10-11). "How Norovirus Spreads". Norovirus. Retrieved 2026-07-16. Jilani, Talha N.; Jamil, Radia T.; Nguyen
Vomiting
Species of virus
molecular mechanisms of action, needed. Because of the similarity of FCV to norovirus, a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans, FCV has been used as a surrogate
Feline_calicivirus
Manufacturing quality standards
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Good_manufacturing_practice
Cruise ship
infectious disease on the ship – an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus in 2016 and an outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 in 2020. In the
Diamond_Princess_(ship)
2026, 21:10, was postponed to 12 February 2026, 14:30, due to cases of norovirus in the Finnish team. "Milano Cortina 2026: Complete ice hockey schedule
Ice hockey at the 2026 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament
Ice_hockey_at_the_2026_Winter_Olympics_–_Women's_tournament
RNA element
Norovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE) is an RNA element which is found in the coding region of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in Norovirus
Norovirus cis-acting replication element
Norovirus_cis-acting_replication_element
Pond in Little Compton, Rhode Island
Compton, R.I. was published. On May 17, 2007, the FDA reported signs of norovirus in oysters distributed by Bridgeport Seafood in Tiverton, Rhode Island
Quicksand_Pond
Use of schemes of standardized codes
diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and infectious diseases such as norovirus, the flu, and athlete's foot. Procedure classifications list procedure
Medical_classification
English footballer and manager (born 1981)
the season away to West Ham as the players suffered from an outbreak of norovirus, which was initially reported and widely misconceived to have been food
Michael_Carrick
Cruise ship
passengers suffered stomach infections caused by the highly contagious Norovirus. During the outbreak, the ship's passengers were denied the right to land
MV_Aurora_(2000)
Voyager-class cruise ship operated by Royal Caribbean International
of the Seas returned to port, 684 of the 4,237 aboard had symptoms of norovirus. On 16 December 2015, A total of 182 passengers out of the 3,566 on board
Explorer_of_the_Seas
a norovirus outbreak, causing more than 200 international scouts and leaders, predominantly from the United Kingdom, to become sick with norovirus. The
Úlfljótsvatn_Scout_Center
American pathologist and academic
Sciences. He is best known for establishing murine norovirus as a model system for studying norovirus biology, for identifying host phenotypes associated
Herbert_W._Virgin
Park in Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
and goose populations. In July 2010, more than 120 visitors contracted norovirus. An epidemiologist stated the most likely cause was that someone who was
Millennium Park (Grand Rapids)
Millennium_Park_(Grand_Rapids)
Restaurant in Copenhagen, Denmark
a Danish Food Administration report. The symptoms were attributed to norovirus, which was believed to have been unintentionally spread by an infected
Noma_(restaurant)
1967 Infectious diseases Marburg virus disease 1972 Infectious diseases Norovirus (Gastroenteritis) Albert Kapikian 1975 Infectious diseases Lyme disease
List of diseases by year of discovery
List_of_diseases_by_year_of_discovery
Cruise ship launched in 1994
January through March 2007, the cruise ship suffered three outbreaks of norovirus and was forced to return to San Diego, California. 355 passengers and
Celestyal_Journey
Medical controversy
coli O104:H4 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Listeria Norovirus Rotavirus Salmonella Shigatoxigenic and verotoxigenic E. coli Vibrio cholerae
Seed_oil_misinformation
Freedom-class cruise ship, launched 2007
332 people became sick with a gastrointestinal illness (believed to be norovirus-related) after the ship had departed from Port Everglades in Fort Lauderdale
Independence_of_the_Seas
Resort hotel in the Catskill Mountains
century." The resort was sued in 2014 by 200 guests who had become ill in a norovirus outbreak after staying there. They claimed that the owners had been aware
Mohonk_Mountain_House
American researcher and epidemiologist
chapters on the epidemiology and genetics of various viruses, including norovirus, and coronaviruses, as well as potential treatments for viral diseases
Ralph_S._Baric
Century-class cruise ship
Caribbean in February 2010, the ship was struck with a major outbreak of norovirus, affecting nearly 500 people on board, out of a total of just over 1,800
Marella_Voyager
Systematic preventive approach to food safety
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
Hazard_Analysis_Critical_Control_Point
Armenian-American virologist
of human gastroenteritis virus research, Kapikian identified the first norovirus, initially called Norwalk virus, in 1972; and he and his colleagues at
Albert_Kapikian
Protein-coding gene in humans
have a role in norovirus infections. CD300lf has been shown to function as the primary receptor for murine norovirus in mice, Human norovirus does not use
CD300LF
Chinese-American virologist and academic researcher
viral disease research, and preclinical evaluation of human rotavirus and norovirus vaccines using gnotobiotic pig models. Yuan received her Ph.D. in immunology
Lijuan_Yuan
Disinfectant with stabilized hydrogen peroxide
PMC 4827199. PMID 27069623. Working Group, Norovirus (2007). Guidance for the Management of Norovirus Infection in Cruise Ships (PDF). London: Health
Accelerated_hydrogen_peroxide
Shopping bag designed to be kept and reused by consumers
the Journal of Infectious Diseases, traced an outbreak of the dangerous norovirus to a reusable grocery bag that members of a Beaverton girls' soccer team
Reusable_shopping_bag
Hospital in North West England
General Hospital hit by norovirus outbreak". BBC. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2022. "Furness General Hospital norovirus outbreak closes ward". BBC
Furness_General_Hospital
Main hospital in Dunedin, New Zealand
outbreak of norovirus, thought to have been brought in by a patient. On 16 August 2008 the hospital was put in lockdown for one week due to a norovirus outbreak
Dunedin_Hospital
Method of DNA sequencing developed in 1977
the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 as well as for the surveillance of norovirus outbreaks through the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Sanger_sequencing
Grand-class cruise ship
hundred people were taken ill on board as a result of an outbreak of norovirus. "Ventura leaves on maiden voyage". BBC News. 18 April 2008. Retrieved
MV_Ventura
Vista-class cruise ship
Victoria's 21 December 2007 voyage, 122 guests and 11 crew on board contracted norovirus. It was officially attributed to a guest who had already contracted the
MS_Queen_Victoria
Study of viruses
1038/s41564-020-0709-x. PMC 7186216. PMID 32341570. Khan MK, Alam MM (July 2021). "Norovirus Gastroenteritis Outbreaks, Genomic Diversity and Evolution: An Overview"
Virology
Protein and coding gene in humans
FUT2 and therefore have strong although not absolute protection from the norovirus GII.4.[citation needed] The FUT2 gene determines an individual's secretor
FUT2
Enzyme
Norwalk virus processing peptidase, Southampton virus processing peptidase, norovirus virus processing peptidase, calicivirus trypsin-like cysteine protease
Calicivirin
Secretion of blood group antigens
Non-secretors have reduced susceptibility to the most common strains of norovirus. Expression of the antigens in the Lewis blood group is also affected
Secretor_status
Amount of virus found in host tissue
environmental specimens, the viral load of norovirus can be determined from run-off water on garden produce. Norovirus has not only prolonged viral shedding
Viral_load
English cook, writer and television presenter (born 1976)
2017). "Wahaca co-founder Thomasina Miers on Donald Trump, tacos and norovirus". Evening Standard. Retrieved 18 December 2017. Hashish, Amira (14 March
Thomasina_Miers
P&O Cruise ship
Canary Islands and Northern Europe. In February 2025, Iona suffered a norovirus outbreak off the coast of Belgium that led to a staff shortage and the
MS_Iona
Stomach and intestinal infection
Campylobacter is more prominent. About 10 to 20 percent of cases are due to norovirus. Protozoa such as Giardia may cause longer-term disease. The risk is greatest
Travelers'_diarrhea
US federal research institute
malaria (ParaSight F), tuberculosis (GeneXpert MTB/RIF), and norovirus (Ridascreen Norovirus 3rd Generation EIA). NIAID has done research on mother-to-child
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases
Australian chef and restaurateur
determined that a staff member was most likely responsible for an infection of norovirus. In February 2020, KordaMentha was appointed as the administrator of MAdE
George_Calombaris
One of the main factors limiting microbial activity
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Water_activity
Loose or liquid bowel movements
parasites. Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis. Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, but rotavirus is
Diarrhea
2007 water contamination event in Nokia, Finland
epidemic of thousands of cases of diarrhea and vomiting primarily due to Norovirus and Campylobacter infections. Hundreds of inhabitants were hospitalised
Nokia water supply contamination
Nokia_water_supply_contamination
Broad-spectrum antiviral medication
activity against many human and animal viruses, including coronavirus and norovirus; the most extensive research has been multiple in vivo studies in cats
GC376
Norwegian royal (born 1973)
series of health difficulties, including pneumonia, several instances of norovirus, low blood pressure, falls, concussions, a neck injury, and a herniated
Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway
Mette-Marit,_Crown_Princess_of_Norway
Preparation of food outside the home
or diseases caused by E. coli, H. pylori, Listeria, Salmonella, and norovirus) is greatly increased due to food not being kept below 40 °F (4 °C) or
Food_service
Broad-spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral medication
for COVID-19, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis. "Alinia- nitazoxanide tablet Alinia- nitazoxanide powder
Nitazoxanide
Common viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
the United States. Viruses portal Medicine portal Influenza COVID-19 Norovirus Notes Pramod JR (2008). Textbook of Oral Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers
Common_cold
Irish footballer and manager (born 1980)
Keane was named as one of ten Spurs squad members to be struck down by norovirus on 6 May 2006. However, he still managed to play in their final game of
Robbie_Keane
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
particularly dangerous for pregnant women. Norovirus: Often found in contaminated shellfish and fresh produce, norovirus is a leading cause of foodborne illness
Zoonosis
South Korean actor and singer (born 1989)
original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017. "Kim Bum had the norovirus". Korea JoongAng Daily. February 4, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2025. "Kim
Kim_Bum
Excavation or structure to provide access to groundwater
Shigella, and Campylobacter jejuni. Common viral contaminants include norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, enteroviruses, and hepatitis A and E. Parasites
Well
Hospital in England
"Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital norovirus warning". BBC News. Retrieved 6 September 2016. "Norovirus outbreaks in Reading, Swindon and Basingstoke
Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital
Basingstoke_and_North_Hampshire_Hospital
English media personality (born 1975)
"cockroaches" and "feral humans" and said they were "spreading like the norovirus". She wrote that gunships should be used to stop migrants from crossing
Katie_Hopkins
identified. "Four Corners disease" is likewise deprecated. Norwalk virus Norovirus Named after the town of Norwalk, Ohio, where the disease was first distinctly
List of deprecated terms for diseases
List_of_deprecated_terms_for_diseases
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
signaling.) It thus plays an important role, for instance, in controlling norovirus infection. STING works as both a direct cytosolic DNA sensor (CDS) and
Stimulator of interferon genes
Stimulator_of_interferon_genes
Harmful substance in food
(CEN), is expected to publish a standard method for the detection of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in food. The CODEX Committee on Food Hygiene (CCFH)
Food_contaminant
Chemical compound
HIV/AIDS, and has also shown activity against other viral diseases such as norovirus and enterovirus 71. Imiquimod Motolimod Janssen HL, Brunetto MR, Kim YJ
Vesatolimod
American physician and virologist
syndrome and Kawasaki disease and co-discovered the Snow Mountain strain of norovirus. Stationed in Sierra Leone from 1979 to 1981, he ran clinical trials of
David_Morens
Restaurant in London, England
was temporarily closed after several customers and employees contracted norovirus. Palmer-Watts left the restaurant in 2019 and Jon Miles-Bowring became
Dinner_by_Heston_Blumenthal
cause most of the food-borne illnesses are Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria, norovirus, Campylobacter, and Clostridium perfringens. These can lead to some deadly
Food safety in the United States
Food_safety_in_the_United_States
Food safety regulations
Vibrio cholerae Cronobacter spp Viral pathogens Enterovirus Hepatitis A Norovirus Rotavirus Parasitic pathogens Cryptosporidium Entamoeba histolytica Giardia
Hazard analysis and risk-based preventive controls
Hazard_analysis_and_risk-based_preventive_controls
Chemical compound
inhibitor rupintrivir exerts cross-genotypic anti-norovirus activity and clears cells from the norovirus replicon". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Rupintrivir
Vaccine candidate against COVID-19
number NCT05067933 for "Ph 1b: Safety & Immunogenicity of Ad5 Based Oral Norovirus Vaccine (VXA-NVV-104)" at ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical trial number NCT05067933
Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine
Multi-sport event in Guangzhou, China
2010. Prior to the opening of the games, Conghua reported 429 cases of norovirus outbreak. The government officials stressed that the people affected recovered
2010_Asian_Games
Multi-sport event in Italy
PalaItalia in Milan, was postponed to 12 February 2026, due to cases of norovirus in the Finnish team. In addition, one Swiss player was also isolated with
Concerns and controversies at the 2026 Winter Olympics
Concerns_and_controversies_at_the_2026_Winter_Olympics
Genus of viruses (Enterovirus)
Orthomyxoviridae (Influenza viruses) Respiratory syncytial virus Coronavirus Norovirus "Rhinovirus (Common Cold) | Disease Outbreak Control Division". health
Rhinovirus
Organ in the gastrointestinal tract
cereus Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene) Viral infections Rotavirus Norovirus Astrovirus Adenovirus Calicivirus Neoplasms (cancers) Adenocarcinoma Carcinoid
Small_intestine
Antimicrobial agent that inactivates or destroys microbes
exhibit efficacy against difficult to kill non-enveloped viruses such as norovirus, rotavirus, or polio virus. Newer synergous, low-alcohol formulations
Disinfectant
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