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Umbrella term used for several related but distinct sets of Christian teachings
Nestorianism is a term used in Christian theology and Church history to refer to several mutually related but doctrinally distinct sets of teachings that
Nestorianism
Church of the East Syriac Rite of Christianity
the Nestorian Bishop of Nisibis, Barsauma. The Catholicos-Patriarch Babai (497–503) confirmed the association of the Assyrian Church with Nestorianism. Christians
Church_of_the_East
Topics referred to by the same term
Nestorian relates to Nestorianism, a Christological doctrine developed by Nestorius, leading to the Nestorian controversy and Nestorian Schism; it was
Nestorian_(disambiguation)
431 AD split of Christian churches in Sassanid Persia
become known as the Nestorian Church, as it took the side of Nestorius officially in the year 484. The doctrine of Nestorianism is associated with Nestorius
Nestorian_schism
Cross associated with the Church of the East
Nestorian headstone Nestorian cross found in China Nestorian cross found in China Two Nestorian crosses found in China The cross from the Nestorian Stele
Nestorian_cross
Country in West Asia
Yas Island and which dates back to the seventh century. Thought to be Nestorian and built in 600 CE, the church appears to have been abandoned peacefully
United_Arab_Emirates
Tang Chinese Christian stele (est. 781)
erected by a historical community of Roman Catholics in China, called Nestorianism a heresy, and claimed that it was Catholics who first brought Christianity
Xi'an_Stele
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Empire in 1917. Black = Bulgars and Turks, Red = Greeks, Light yellow = Armenians, Blue = Kurds, Orange = Lazes, Dark Yellow = Arabs, Green = Nestorians
Ottoman_Empire
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) Church of the East (Nestorian) Eastern Catholic Restorationist Jehovah's Witnesses Latter Day Saint
Jesus
century, Nestorian Christianity nearly disappeared from the region. There are only very few archeological traces of the prospering of Nestorianism among
Christianity_in_Mongolia
Eastern Christian church
of a Christian couple in Luoyang of a Nestorian Sogdian woman named Lady An (安氏) who died in 821 and her Nestorian Han Chinese husband, Hua Xian (花献) who
Church_of_the_East_in_China
Early Christian governance councils
called the council to settle the Christological controversy surrounding Nestorianism. Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, declared the use of the term
First seven ecumenical councils
First_seven_ecumenical_councils
Ethnic group native to Mesopotamia
their attitude regarding the Council of Ephesus (431), which condemned Nestorianism, and the Council of Chalcedon (451), which condemned Monophysitism. Those
Assyrians
Specific understanding of how the human and divine relate within the person of Jesus
definition as verging on Nestorianism and instead adhered to the wording of Cyril of Alexandria, the chief opponent of Nestorianism, who had spoken of the
Eutychianism
Branch of Eastern Christianity
once-condemned Nestorianism, which expressed itself in a terminology incompatible with their understanding of Christology. Nestorianism was understood
Oriental_Orthodox_Churches
Christological doctrine
Word", claiming that any formula that spoke of two physeis represented Nestorianism. Some taught that in Christ the human nature was completely absorbed
Monophysitism
accused of heresy for preaching his brand of Christianity, labelled Nestorianism after him. He and his followers were banished from the Byzantine Empire
Christianity_in_Asia
Eastern Christian denomination
hypostatic union, adhering instead a much looser concept of prosopic union. Nestorianism came to mean radical Dyophysitism, in which Christ's two natures are
Assyrian_Church_of_the_East
Christian church based in Rome
Catholic Church after the Great Schism of 1054 (as well as the earlier Nestorian Schism and Chalcedonian Schism), 23 autonomous particular churches of
Catholic_Church
Patriarch of the Church of the East from 552 to 567
Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century)
Joseph_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Person in Christian theology
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Divine countenance Person of Christ Nestorianism UK: /ˈprɒsəpɒn/, US: /prəˈsoʊ-/; from Ancient Greek: πρόσωπον prósōpon;
Prosopon
Country in West Asia
Bahrain was known as Awal. By the 5th century, Bahrain became a centre for Nestorian Christianity, with the village Samahij as the seat of bishops. In 410
Bahrain
Archbishop of Constantinople from c. 428 to 431
(Χριστοτόκος, "Christ-bearer"), but he did not find acceptance on either side. "Nestorianism" refers to the doctrine that there are two distinct hypostases in the
Nestorius
Day of the year
Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt. 881
August_3
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
compilation of the Codex Theodosianus and the theological dispute over Nestorianism (a doctrine later deemed heretical). His reign also saw the arrival of
Byzantine_Empire
Patriarch of the Church of the East from 497 to 503
Church in Sasanian Empire (Persia) became increasingly aligned with the Nestorian movement, declared heretical in the Roman Empire. Babai was also known
Babai_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Christological position
of unity. Dyophisitism has also been used to describe some aspects of Nestorianism, the doctrines ascribed to Nestorius of Constantinople. It is now generally
Dyophysitism
Tang Chinese stele erected in 781
The Nestorian pillar of Luoyang is a Tang Chinese pillar erected in 814–815 CE, which contains inscriptions related to early Christianity in China, particularly
Nestorian_pillar_of_Luoyang
Writing system
Hebrew alphabet), Kaldāyā (ܟܲܠܕܵܝܵܐ, 'Chaldean'), and, inaccurately, "Nestorian" (a term that was originally used to refer to the Church of the East in
Syriac_alphabet
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
various Eastern denominations: Jacobites, Melchites, and, above all, Nestorians... A few others were Sabians. Hill, Donald (1993). Islamic Science and
Islam
1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa
Chinese descriptions of the bubonic plague do not appear until the 1640s. Nestorian gravesites dating from 1338 to 1339 near Issyk-Kul have inscriptions referring
Black_Death
The practice of Nestorian Christianity was somewhat different from that practiced in the West, and Europeans tended to regard Nestorianism as heretical for
Christianity among the Mongols
Christianity_among_the_Mongols
Eastern Roman emperor from 402 to 450
presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism. Theodosius was born on 10 April 401 as the only son
Theodosius_II
Formal denial or doubt of a core Christian doctrine
Marcionism, Donatism, Catharism, Docetism, Gnosticism, Pelagianism, Nestorianism, and Conciliarism. The word heresy comes from haeresis, a Latin transliteration
Heresy_in_Christianity
Christian apostle and missionary (c. 5 – c. 64/65)
Pope Gregory I Eusebius Athanasius of Alexandria Arianism Pelagianism Nestorianism Monophysitism Ephrem the Syrian Hilary of Poitiers Cyril of Jerusalem
Paul_the_Apostle
Christian traditions originating from Greek- and Syriac-speaking populations
other churches in 424 and over the next century became affiliated with Nestorianism, a Christological doctrine advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople
Eastern_Christianity
First Christian missionary to China
Holm, Frits Vilhelm. "The Nestorian Monument: An Ancient Record of Christianity in China". "Wikisource". "Nestorian Tablet: Eulogizing the Propagation
Alopen
Nisibis, a champion of Nestorianism, in the hope that he would prevent the takeover of the Church of the East by the Nestorians. But despite frequent quarrels
Acacius_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Belief that Jesus was made flesh by being conceived in the womb of a woman
beliefs were defined as heresies. This included Docetism, Arianism, Nestorianism, Monophysitism, Adoptionism, and Sabellianism. The most widely accepted
Incarnation_(Christianity)
of the East, which for this reason has been pejoratively labelled the "Nestorian Church" by its theological opponents. When the Portuguese Inquisition
Church_of_the_East_in_India
Medieval city in present-day Xinjiang, China
the presence of Nestorian Christian communities in the region, including at the nearby town of Ilibalyk, which also preserves Nestorian graves and inscriptions
Almaliq,_Xinjiang
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
of the East Protestant Reformation (16th century) Great Schism (1054) Nestorian Schism (431) Chalcedonian Schism (451) Early Christianity Great Church
Christianity
Christian catechetical school
still further. After the Nestorian Schism, when the Byzantine emperor Zeno ordered the school closed for its teachings of Nestorian doctrine, deemed heretical
School_of_Nisibis
Religious site in Fangshan District, Beijing
2011, p. 88. Shi 2000, p. 92, referencing Zhu, Qianzhi (1993). 《中国景教》 [Nestorianism in China]. People's Publishing House. ISBN 9787010026268. Tang 2011b
Cross_Temple,_Fangshan
Bishop of the Church of the East from 460 to 491
moved away from Roman loyalties and became increasingly aligned with the Nestorianism. Bar Sawma had been a teacher and student at the School of Edessa, where
Barsauma_of_Nisibis
Church in de jure Cyprus, de facto Northern Cyprus
The Nestorian Church (Turkish: Nasturi Kilisesi), officially known as the Church of St. George the Exiler (Greek: Ο Άγιος Γεώργιος ο Εξορινός; Turkish:
Nestorian_Church,_Famagusta
Legendary Christian king
embellished reports of movements in Asia of the Church of the East (Nestorianism) informed the narratives as well. This church had gained a wide following
Prester_John
451 Christian ecumenical council
doctrines viewed Christ's divine and human natures as separate and distinct (Nestorianism), or viewed Christ as solely divine (monophysitism). The Council of Chalcedon
Council_of_Chalcedon
Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century)
Theodosius of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Theodosius_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Danish artefact collector (1881–1930)
planning to take the Nestorian Stele for himself to Europe. Alerted to his activities (nicknamed by later writers the "Holm-Nestorian expedition to Xi'an")
Frits_Holm
16th-century illuminated East Syriac Gospel Book
The Nestorian Evangelion (French: Évangéliaire nestorien, also known as Vie de Jésus-Christ ['Life of Jesus Christ']; Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de
Nestorian_Evangelion
Period of suppression of foreign religions within Tang China from 840 to 845 AD
towards Buddhism but also towards other religions, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity, and Manicheism. Emperor Wuzong's economic, social, and religious
Huichang persecution of Buddhism
Huichang_persecution_of_Buddhism
Theological resolution adopted at the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451)
Eutychianism; and "indivisibly, inseparably" and "Theotokos" are against Nestorianism. The Chalcedonian Definition was written amid controversy between the
Chalcedonian_Definition
He was an opponent of Nestorianism and sheltered Alexander Akimetes and others whose safety was threatened by the Nestorians. He is credited with halting
Hypatius_of_Bithynia
Title of Mary
Mary the Mother of Jesus by certain Christians around the time of the Nestorian debates. It literally means "the one who gives birth to a man" (ἄνθρωπος
Anthropotokos
This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 1101, to December 31
List of 12th-century religious leaders
List_of_12th-century_religious_leaders
7th and 8th century Chinese Christian documents
Documents (Chinese: 景教經典; pinyin: Jǐngjiào jīngdiǎn; also known as the Nestorian Documents or the Jesus Sutras) are a collection of Chinese language texts
Jingjiao_Documents
Christian heretical belief
Dyophysitism – Christological position Miaphysitism – Christological doctrine Nestorianism – Umbrella term used for several related but distinct sets of Christian
Apollinarism
Capital and largest city of Egypt
"Eastern Christianities (eleventh to fourteenth century): Copts, Melkites, Nestorians and Jacobites". In Angold, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge History of Christianity:
Cairo
12th-century tribal confederation of the Mongolian Plateau
main religion of the Naimans was shamanism and Nestorian Christianity. The Naimans that adopted Nestorianism probably converted around the same time the
Naimans
Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1227
preserve Mongol traditions than Tolui, whose wife Sorghaghtani, herself a Nestorian Christian, was a patron of many religions including Islam. Ögedei was
Genghis_Khan
Christological doctrine
covers not only Chalcedonian teaching but also interpretations like Nestorianism which held that Jesus is not only of two natures but is in fact two centers
Miaphysitism
Country in West Asia
doi:10.1086/373570. S2CID 161323237. Adam (781). "Translation of the Nestorian Inscription". Stele to the Propagation in China of the Jingjiao of Daqin
Syria
Hymn to Mary used in Eastern Christianity
praises of the Oriental Orthodox churches. After the condemnation of Nestorianism at the First Council of Ephesus in 431, the use of theotokia during the
Theotokion
Mongol prince, rebelled against Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan and was subsequently executed for the rebellion. He was a Nestorian Christian. Much of what is known of Nayan was recorded by the Venetian
Nayan_(Mongol_prince)
1920s rebellion in Turkey
The Assyrian rebellion (Turkish: Nasturi Ayaklanması, "Nestorian Uprising") was an uprising by the Assyrians in Hakkari which was administered by Assyrians
Assyrian_rebellion
Ezekiel's birthplace is not known, but like most of the sixth-century Nestorian patriarchs he was probably a native of northern Iraq. He was appointed
Ezekiel_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
presence, though it did secure some converts, and with the exception of Nestorianism in the northeast and around the Persian Gulf, the dominant form of the
Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia
Christian monk
Syriac Christian monk and scholar in China. He composed the text on the Nestorian Stele, which described the history of the Church of the East in China
Adam_(monk)
Patriarch of the Church of the East (died 1265)
1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the fourteenth-century Nestorian writers ʿAmr and Sliba. Makkikha won the patriarchal election of 1257
Makkikha_II
Castle in Merv, Turkmenistan
Challenges. CRC Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-1-4822-6214-8. Yixing Zhou, Studies on Nestorian Iconology in China and part of Central Asia during the 13th and 14th Centuries
Great_Kyz_Kala
Religion established by Baháʼu'lláh
Christianity Catholicism Latin Eastern Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Nestorianism Ancient Assyrian Proto-Protestantism Hussites/Moravians Waldensians Protestantism
Baháʼí_Faith
Restorationist Christian denomination
Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) Church of the East (Nestorian) Eastern Catholic Restorationist Jehovah's Witnesses Latter Day Saint
Jehovah's_Witnesses
Iranian aristocrat and Patriarch of the Church of the East in 753
Bar Hebraeus (floruit 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century)
Surin_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Capital of Guangdong, China
foreigners, has been reopened as the Hoi Tong Monastery.[citation needed] Nestorian Christians first arrived in China via the overland Silk Road, but suffered
Guangzhou
Major branch of Protestantism
Christianity Catholicism Latin Eastern Eastern Orthodoxy Oriental Orthodoxy Nestorianism Ancient Assyrian Proto-Protestantism Hussites/Moravians Waldensians Protestantism
Anglicanism
Cast silver dish
10:12–13). The plate is generally described as having been created by the Nestorian Christian Sogdian colonies of Semirechye, which had fled the Muslim occupation
Anikova_dish
Ecumenical council in Ephesus in 431, convened by Emperor Theodosius II
431 at the Church of Mary in Ephesus in Anatolia. Nestorius' doctrine, Nestorianism, which emphasized the distinction between Christ's human and divine natures
Council_of_Ephesus
449 AD Christian church synod
Eutyches was an archmandrite in Constantinople. In his opposition to Nestorianism, he seemed to take an equally extreme, although opposite view. In 448
Second_Council_of_Ephesus
5th-century Syrian bishop
theological controversies, that birthed the Nestorian and Jacobite churches. He was a late 5th century Nestorian bishop and was deposed by Byzantine Emperor
Sergius_of_Cyrrhus
Japanese scholar (1871–1965)
his theories about the Church of the East (at the time referred to as "Nestorianism") and Jewish culture in Japan and for his involvement in the planning
P._Y._Saeki
Primary disciples of Jesus
Eastern Orthodox Church Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite) Church of the East (Nestorian) Eastern Catholic Restorationist Jehovah's Witnesses Latter Day Saint
Apostles_in_the_New_Testament
American UFO religion (1974–1997)
body was the same that had done so to Jesus 2,000 years ago. Similar to Nestorianism, this belief stated that the personage of Jesus and the spirit of Jesus
Heaven's Gate (religious group)
Heaven's_Gate_(religious_group)
Fire in Hamdaniya, Iraq
Adiabene (15–116) Roman Assyria (116–118) Christianization (1st to 3rd c.) Nestorian schism (5th c.) Church of the East (410-1552) Asoristan (226–651) Byzantine–Sasanian
2023_Qaraqosh_wedding_fire
Acacius II of Melitene (? - after 437) was metropolitan bishop of Melitene. He was an opponent of Nestorius and close ally of Cyril of Alexandria at the
Acacius_II_of_Melitene
Patriarch of the Church of the East from 780 to 823
"An Arabic-to-English Translation of the Religious Debate between the Nestorian Patriarch Timothy I and the 'Abbāsid Caliph al-Mahdi" (M.A. thesis, Ohio
Timothy I of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Timothy_I_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon
Khan of Naimans
Successor Taibuqa (near Lake Zaysan) Buyruq khan (in Altai) Died 1198 or 1202 Spouse Juerbiesu Issue Taibuqa Buyruq khan Clan Güčügüt Religion Nestorianism
Inanch_Bilge_khan
13th-century Turkic Nestorian monk, traveller and diplomat
拉賓掃務瑪; pinyin: Lābān Sǎowùmǎ), was a Uyghur monk turned diplomat of the "Nestorian" Church of the East in China. He is known for embarking on a pilgrimage
Rabban_Bar_Sauma
Head of the Coptic Church from 444 to 454
only later lapsed into heresy, that Flavian was a Nestorian, and that Pope Leo had supported Nestorianism. Another controversial aspect of Dioscorus's legacy
Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria
Pope_Dioscorus_I_of_Alexandria
Eastern Catholic church based primarily in Iraq
split with the West and its adoption of a theology that some called Nestorianism, the Church of the East expanded rapidly in the medieval period due to
Chaldean_Catholic_Church
Assyrian tribe
The Nochiya (Syriac: ܢܵܘܟ̰ܝܼܵܐ, pl.: Nochiyaye,) are an Assyrian tribe that were based in and around the villages of Beyyurdu and Öveç in the Şemdinli
Nochiya
designate converts from Nestorianism to Catholicism, some early western researchers have coined the term "Catholic Nestorians", but that combination was
Terms_for_Syriac_Christians
Second-largest Christian church
is said to have "changed the history of architecture". There are the "Nestorian" churches resulted from the reaction of the Council of Ephesus (431),
Eastern_Orthodox_Church
Church in Jubail, Saudi Arabia
non-Islamic origin. The church originally belonged to the Church of the East (Nestorian Church), a branch of Eastern Christianity in West Asia. It was discovered
Jubail_Church
and stated that Palmer's reading of Tang era Nestorian texts and his claim of syncretism of Nestorianism with Eastern religions is inaccurate and misleading
Martin_Palmer
Third Islamic caliphate
Persian scientists Al-Biruni and Abu Nasr Mansur. Christians (particularly Nestorian Christians) contributed to the Arab Islamic Civilization during the Umayyads
Abbasid_Caliphate
surrounding the theological and christological doctrines of Arianism, Nestorianism, Miaphysitism, and Dyophysitism. In the 5th century, the Western Roman
Christianity as the Roman state religion
Christianity_as_the_Roman_state_religion
Syriac Christian charms and incantations associated with the so-called 'Nestorian' Church (today's Assyrian Church of the East),[citation needed] edited
The_Book_of_Protection
East Syriac Rite. Theologically, it adopted the dyophysite doctrine of Nestorianism, which emphasizes the separateness of the divine and human natures of
List of Christian denominations
List_of_Christian_denominations
Turco-Mongol conqueror (1320s–1405)
(2007). The new Central Asia. I.B. Tauris. p. 7. ISBN 978-1845115524. "Nestorianism | Definition, History, & Churches | Britannica". www.britannica.com.
Timur
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