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Ancient south Indian port
merchants of Alexandria (Egypt) and Muziris, detailing goods loaded onto a ship at Muziris for trade. For many centuries Muziris remained an important port in
Muziris
International art exhibition held in Indian city, Kochi
Kochi-Muziris Biennale is an initiative of the Kochi Biennale Foundation with support from the Government of Kerala. The concept of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale
Kochi-Muziris_Biennale
Genus of spiders
Muziris is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1901. The name is derived from Muziris, a lost city in India (presumed
Muziris_(spider)
Purported ancient tribal confederation of the Late Bronze Age
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Sea_Peoples
Apostle of Jesus
Crucifixion of Jesus. According to early Christian tradition, it was at or near Muziris that Thomas the Apostle is believed to have first arrived in India. He
Thomas_the_Apostle
Beach in Ernakulam, India
Muziris Beach (also known as Munambam Beach) is situated at the north end of Vypin Island in Ernakulam. "Kodungallur Coconut Producer Company Ltd". www
Muziris_beach
Dynasty in ancient South India
(Vanchi-Karuvur or Karur, the Kongu country), and ports/capitals at Muchiri-Vanchi (Muziris) and Thondi (Tyndis) on the Indian Ocean coast of Kerala. They also controlled
Chera_dynasty
Village in Kerala, India
the island reflects post-Muziris land use patterns after the port's decline. Today, the village is included in the Kerala Muziris Heritage Project, a government
Gothuruth
The Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2018 was the fourth edition of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale, an international exhibition of contemporary art held in Kochi, Kerala
Kochi-Muziris_Biennale_2018
Municipality in Kerala, India
(anglicised name), Cranganor (Portuguese), Mahodayapuram, Shingly, Vanchi and Muziris/Muchiri/Muyirikkode) is a historically significant town located on the
Kodungallur
Village in Kerala, India
| Muziris heritage project | KCHR". muziris Project. Retrieved 27 July 2026. "Muziris Tourism, Muziris Heritage Tourism, Muziris Pattanam, Muziris Excavations
Pattanam
Ancient Indian seaport/harbor-town mentioned in the Graeco-Roman writings
The Tabula Peutingeriana locates "Tondis" north of Muziris (north of "Templ Augusti" and "Lacus Muziris"). There are several references to a port named Thondi
Tyndis
History of Thrissur, Kerala, India
Roman Empire. Muziris (Cranganore) was destroyed by massive flooding of the river Periyar in 1341, opening a new port called Kochi. Muziris was also known
History_of_Thrissur
Relations
Sri Lanka. Another place full of archeological records is Muziris, in the Kerala region. Muziris was a major centre of trade in Tamilakkam between the Chera
Indo-Roman_relations
Extreme weather event in medieval Kerala
Periyar's course and the destruction of the early historic natural port of Muziris (Muchiri). The accretion following the deluge perhaps brought about significant
1341_Kerala_floods
conducted in the village shrine of the south Malabar region in Kerala. Kochi-Muziris Biennale is the largest art exhibition in the country and the biggest contemporary
Tourism_in_Kerala
Trade between the Indian subcontinent and the Roman Empire
managed an intense trade with Muziris: Then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets of Damirica (Limyrike), and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now
Indo-Roman_trade_relations
Indian historian (1943–2017)
location of Muziris, N.M. Nampoothiri pointed out that it had not yet been conclusively established that Pattanam was the ancient port of Muziris. In an interview
Neelamana Madhavan Nampoothiri
Neelamana_Madhavan_Nampoothiri
Ancient port town in Kerala, India
Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now of leading importance. Tyndis is of the Kingdom of Cerobothra; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Muziris
Nelcynda
27 BC–476/1453 AD state and civilization
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Roman_Empire
1st-century Greco-Roman document
ordinary cloth. — Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, §48. Muziris (Kodungallur) The lost port city of Muziris (near present day Kodungallur) in the Chera kingdom
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea
Synagogue in Kerala, India
Ezhimala, Pandalayini, and most of all in Muziris. An ancient synagogue was said to have existed in Muziris, but is now believed to be submerged due to
Kadavumbhagam Ernakulam Synagogue
Kadavumbhagam_Ernakulam_Synagogue
Singaporean contemporary artist and writer
that Rao would curate the fifth edition of the Kochi-Muziris Biennale. Alongside Kochi-Muziris Biennale founder and artist Bose Krishnamachari, Rao was
Shubigi_Rao
Latin epic poem by Virgil
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Aeneid
Indian photographer and visual artist (born 1975)
the lives of the old port city of Ponnani, was exhibited at the Kochi Muziris Biennale in 2016. Additionally, his 'Manchukkar - The Seafarers of Malabar'
K._R._Sunil
Metropolis in Kerala, India
be derived from Calicut. The ancient port of Tyndis, located north of Muziris as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, is believed to have
Kozhikode
Ground fruit of the family Piperaceae
"Artefacts from the lost Port of Muziris." Archived 13 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Hindu. 3 December 2014. "Muziris, at last?" Archived 23 July
Black_pepper
Type of crucible steel
Historic Early Cheras (pre-Pallava) Vanchi Karuvur/Karur (Karur) Muchiri (Muziris) Thondi (Tyndis) Medieval Kongu Cheras Karur Chera Perumals Kodungallur
Wootz_steel
Indian architect (born 1962)
Kuriakose was selected as conservation consultant for the Muziris Heritage Project in 2007. Muziris is not just a place. It is a concept and the project was
Benny_Kuriakose
BCE) mentions Muziris and a Pandyan trade centre. Pliny mentions Muziris as India's first port of importance. According to him, Muziris could be reached
History_of_Kerala
Trade conducted through the Indian Ocean
managed an intense trade with Muziris: Then come Naura and Tyndis, the first markets of Damirica (Limyrike), and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now
Indian_Ocean_trade
Metropolis in Kerala, India
trading center on the west coast of India from antiquity. The port of Muziris traded with the Romans, Persians, Arabs, and Chinese. From 1503 to 1663
Kochi
Oriental Protestant Indian Church
is also thought to be a cognate of this name Maliankara, a place near Muziris, where Thomas the Apostle first landed in Kerala. Mar Thoma is Aramaic
Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church
Municipality in Kerala
Kerala's maritime history due to its proximity to the ancient port of Muziris. Historically, the town developed as a thriving commercial settlement connected
North_Paravur
Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14
Muziris in the Chera Kingdom of Southern India, as shown in the Tabula Peutingeriana, with depiction of a temple of Augustus (Templum Augusti)
Augustus
State in southern India
from the Romans and Han China were facilitated via seaports including Muziris and Korkai with spices being the most prized goods along with pearls and
Tamil_Nadu
Indian contemporary artist (born 1978)
Devasher - Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2016". Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2016. 19 November 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2017. "Kochi-Muziris Biennale hosts young
Rohini_Devasher
Claimed oldest mosque in Indian subcontinent
mosques in Kerala Malayali Muslims Muslim chronicles for Indian history Muziris Heritage Project Baba Ratan Hindi Tamil Muslims Naseef, T. P. (28 June
Cheraman_Juma_Mosque
Indian art critic, art historian, and curator
at the Guggenheim Museum, Asia Art Archive in Hong Kong, and the Kochi-Muziris Biennale. She is a Trustee of the Sher-Gil Sundaram Arts Foundation (SSAF)
Geeta_Kapur
Roman military boarding device
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Corvus_(boarding_device)
Pakistani American painter (born 1983)
Honey Ramka, New York 2016: Go Figure, Aicon Gallery, New York 2016: Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2016, Kochi 2017: Deep Ssips, Honey Ramka, New York 2018: Are
Salman_Toor
Indian painter
Sudhir Patwardhan Artist Sudhir Patwardhan at Kochi-Muziris Biennial 2014 Born Maharashtra, India Education Armed Forces Medical College Occupation Artist
Sudhir_Patwardhan
Building in India
Ayakotta | Alikotta | Vypin Island | European Monument | Muziris heritage project". muziris Project. Retrieved 4 August 2026. "Pallipuram Fort, Kochi
Pallipuram_Fort
Southwestern coast of India
several historic port cities. Notable among these were/are Naura, Vizhinjam, Muziris, Nelcynda, Beypore and Thundi (near Ponnani or Kadalundi) during ancient
Malabar_Coast
Village in Kerala, India
with the Pallipuram Lake as its western boundary. The ancient port town Muziris (Pattanam) shares its boundary with Kunjithai.As there is three religions
Kunjithai
State in southwestern India
was referred to as Male or Malabar. Principal ports of the time included Muziris, Berkarai, and Nelcynda. The value of Rome's annual trade with Kerala has
Kerala
Suburban Island in Kochi
northernmost end of the island lies on the estuary of the Periyar river in Muziris (Kodungallur), and the southernmost end in the mouth of the Cochin backwaters
Vypin
Cradle of civilization in North Africa
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Ancient_Egypt
River island in Kerala, India
archived copy as title (link) [title missing] "Muziris Heritage Tourism Project, Muziris Excavations, Muziris Museums". Muzirisheritage.in. Retrieved 27 February
Pizhala
Muziris Heritage Project, provides academic guidance and undertakes archaeological and historical research in the region. The first phase of Muziris Heritage
History_of_Thrissur_district
Town in Kerala, India
to Saint Thomas Christian tradition, Saint Thomas arrived in 50 AD at Muziris (Kodungallūr) with Jewish merchants for the propagation of Christianity
Palayur
Bronze Age shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Zambratija_shipwreck
Late Bronze Age Greek civilization
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Mycenaean_Greece
Village in Kerala, India
the famous Cherai Beach, Pallipuram Fort, Munambam Fishing Harbour and Muziris beach( Golden Beach ). Pallippuram Fort was built by the Portuguese in
Pallippuram,_Ernakulam
Syro-Malabar Catholic ecclesiastical jurisdiction for the Knanaya faithful in India
Syriac Christians) who migrated from South Mesopotamia to Kodungallur (Muziris) in South India in 4th century A.D. Traditional belief is that St. Thomas
Archeparchy_of_Kottayam
Tamil Nadu, India Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Korkai, Tamil Nadu, India Muziris, Kerala, India Goa, India Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Cochin, Kerala, India
Cities_along_the_Silk_Road
BCE) mentions Muziris and a Pandyan trade centre. Pliny mentions Muziris as India's first port of importance. According to him, Muziris could be reached
History_of_South_India
Ancient Semitic maritime civilization
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Phoenicia
Map of the road network in the Roman Empire
and even an indication of China. It also shows a "Temple to Augustus" at Muziris (present-day Kodungallur) on the modern-day Malabar Coast, one of the main
Tabula_Peutingeriana
Full-sized reconstruction of an ancient trireme
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Olympias_(trireme)
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Achaemenid_Empire
Metropolis and capital of Kerala, India
June 2018. Mathew, K S (2016). Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade. Taylor & Francis. p. 27. ISBN 978-1351997522
Thiruvananthapuram
Ancient Tamil dynasty of South India
describes the riches of a "Pandian kingdom" ...Nelcynda is distant from Muziris by river and sea about five hundred stadia, and is of another kingdom,
Pandya_dynasty
traders from all over the Old World to India. India's Southwest coastal port Muziris had established itself as a major spice trade centre from as early as 3
History_of_India
Tourist destination in Kerala, India
Beach Meenkunnu Beach Munakkal Beach Mundakkal Beach Muzhappilangad Beach Muziris beach Padinjarekkara beach Paravanna beach Payyambalam Beach Ponnani Poovar
Illickal_Kallu
Phoenician shipwreck near the coast of Malta
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Gozo_Phoenician_shipwreck
Indian philanthropist (born 1965)
Biennale, the 8th Berlin Biennale, the London Design Biennale and Kochi-Muziris Biennale. Most recently the first architectural pavilion titled ‘The Song
Feroze_Gujral
Town in Kerala, India
satellite feeding port to Muziris, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras
Koyilandy
and Mangaluru) Mannargudi Mayiladuthurai Minnagara (now in Pakistan) Muziris (modern-day Kodungallur) Matasya Kshetra (morden-day Supaul) Nagapattinam
List_of_ancient_Indian_cities
Archaeological museum in Giza, Egypt
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Grand_Egyptian_Museum
Region in India
India. The region was in the middle of a trade route that extended from Muziris to Arikamedu linking the Mediterranean to East Asia. Trade with Phoenicians
South_India
Ancient Greek temple in East Attica, Greece
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion
Grappling-iron in ancient Greece and Rome
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Harpax
Period of ancient Greece from c. 800 to 480 BC
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Archaic_Greece
Indian actor
Title Role Notes Ref 2013 Dayom Panthrandum Red Screened at the Kochi-Muziris Biennale (KMB) and other film festivals 2014 Sapthamashree Thaskaraha Hotel
Lukman_Avaran
Dam in Idukki, Kerala
Beach Meenkunnu Beach Munakkal Beach Mundakkal Beach Muzhappilangad Beach Muziris beach Padinjarekkara beach Paravanna beach Payyambalam Beach Ponnani Poovar
Idukki_Dam
Dravidian ethnic group
from the Romans and Han China were facilitated via seaports including Muziris and Korkai with spices being the most prized goods along with pearls and
Tamils
36 BC naval battle off Sicily
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Battle_of_Naulochus
Local civic body in Kozhikode, Kerala, India
The ancient port of Tyndis which was located on the northern side of Muziris, as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, was somewhere around
Kozhikode Municipal Corporation
Kozhikode_Municipal_Corporation
Ancient Greek galley
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Penteconter
Historical kingdom in the region of Kerala
The ancient port of Tyndis which was located on the northern side of Muziris, as mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, was somewhere around
Calicut_kingdom
Dravidian language
India. Pliny the Elder, a Roman historian, wrote about pirates between Muziris and the Netravati River, and also mentions Barcelore (possibly modern Mangaluru
Kannada
Mythological narrative poem by Ovid
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Metamorphoses
Phoenician city-state
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Ancient_Carthage
Municipality in Kerala, India
satellite feeding port to Muziris, according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras
Ponnani
Historical era of the Christian religion
Arabia and Socotra en route, and landing at the former flourishing port of Muziris on an island near Cochin in 52. From there he preached the gospel throughout
Early_Christianity
Name given to the male members of the Paliam royal family
the State of Kerala, and both buildings are currently museums under the Muziris Project according to a joint ownership and maintenance agreement with the
Paliath_Achan
Roman governor and general (40–93)
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola
Hill forest in Haryana, India
Parambu Chermanangad Chowannur Eyyal Kandanissery Kattakambal Kunnamkulam Muziris Tangasseri Thovarimala Ezhuthupara Ummichipoyil Vizhinjam rock caves Madhya
Mangar_Bani
Former feudal city-state
trading port of Tyndis, which was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the Roman Empire, during Sangam period (1st-4th
Parappanad
Type of sailing vessel from the Indian Ocean
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Dhow
Archaeological site in Greece
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Samothrace_temple_complex
City in Lebanon
Madurai Malao Mersa Gawasis Myos Hormos Martaban Mueang Phra Rot Muscat Muziris Narbonne Nesis Óc Eo (Cattigara) Opone Ostia Antica Palembang Piraeus Portus
Tyre,_Lebanon
River in Kerala, India
which was the second-largest trading port of Chera dynasty, only after to Muziris, is identified with the mouth of this river at Vallikunnu. The Kadalundi
Kadalundi_River
Indian artist (born 1976)
nonlinear arrangement. Gupta has participated in Venice Biennale (2019), Kochi Muziris Biennale (2018), Berlin Biennale (2014), Sharjah Biennial (2013), Lyon
Shilpa_Gupta
Geographical region in India
entrance to the Palakkad Gap, on the principal trade route that extended from Muziris in the west coast to Arikamedu in the east. The Pandyas and Western Gangas
Kongu_Nadu
Ancient city in central Syria
in Rhapta (East Africa), Punt/Axum (modern-day Eritrea), Socotra, and Muziris by no later than the turn of the 1st millennia. Indian trading diasporas
Palmyra
Largest district in Kerala, India
the dynasty got split into three branches and fixed their capitals at Muziris, Tyndis, and Caroura, respectively, as seen in the ancient Greco-Roman
Idukki_district
Spice plant native to India
(which is much closer to the source) but at southwestern Indian ports of Muziris/Nelcynda. It is mentioned in the Periplus that some people collected the
Malabathrum
Fort built by Rani Chennabhairadevi
"Forbes, 1783 (or. Mem. IV. 109), and by Renel, 1788 (Map of Hindustan", as Muziris of Ptolemy (150 A.D.) and Periplus (247 A.D.), then an important trading
Mirjan_Fort
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