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Economic model
The multiplier–accelerator model (also known as Hansen–Samuelson model) is a macroeconomic model which analyzes the business cycle. This model was developed
Multiplier-accelerator_model
Concept in economics
This process continues multiple times, and is called the multiplier effect. The multiplier may vary across countries, and will also vary depending on
Multiplier_(economics)
Positive effect of growth on private fixed investment
stock. In Keynesian models, fixed capital is not in consideration, so the accelerator coefficient becomes the reciprocal of the multiplier and the capital
Accelerator_effect
American economist and Nobel Laureate (1915–2009)
generations model as a way to analyze economic agents' behavior across multiple periods of time, developed multiplier-accelerator model, analyzed Phillips
Paul_Samuelson
Electrical circuit power converter
lightning safety testing. The most common type of voltage multiplier is the half-wave series multiplier, also called the Villard cascade (but actually invented
Voltage_multiplier
Hungarian-British economist
Kaldor's theory was similar to Samuelson's and Hicks' as it used a multiplier-accelerator model to understand the cycle. It differed from these theories, however
Nicholas_Kaldor
The financial accelerator in macroeconomics is the process by which adverse shocks to the economy may be amplified by worsening financial market conditions
Financial_accelerator
Family of computer vision models
equations: depth multiplier: d = α ϕ width multiplier: w = β ϕ resolution multiplier: r = γ ϕ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\text{depth multiplier: }}d&=\alpha
EfficientNet
Physics related to the study, design, building and operation of particle accelerators
Accelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators. As such, it can be described
Accelerator_physics
Type of particle accelerator
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932
Cyclotron
American economist
or Stagnation? (1938) as the main inspiration for his famous multiplier-accelerator model of 1939. Leeson (1997) shows that while Hansen and Sumner Slichter
Alvin_Hansen
Intel microprocessor, released in 2023
"X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking. No suffix letter: Locked clock multiplier X: Unlocked clock multiplier (adjustable with no ratio
Sapphire_Rapids
Group of macroeconomic theories
difficulty of understanding Keynes's presentation. Kahn's multiplier gives the title ("The multiplier model") to the account of Keynesian theory in Samuelson's
Keynesian_economics
American mathematician and economist
"The Multiplier as a Matrix", 1949, Economic Journal. "A Nonlinear Theory of the Cycle", 1950, Review of Economic Studies. "Does the Matrix Multiplier Oscillate
Richard_M._Goodwin
Digital circuit that produces sums from inputs
circuit. Binary multiplier Subtractor Electronic mixer — for adding analog signals Singh, Ajay Kumar (2010). "10. Adder and Multiplier Circuits". Digital
Adder_(electronics)
Macroeconomic model relating interest rates and output
model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a two-dimensional macroeconomic model which is used as a pedagogical tool in macroeconomic teaching. The IS–LM model
IS–LM_model
consumer desktop Ryzens (except PRO models), as well as all mobile processors with the HX suffix, have an unlocked multiplier. In addition, all Ryzen microprocessors
List_of_AMD_Ryzen_processors
been very roughly estimated by dividing and multiplying core and clocks from non-OEM variants. All models support Direct3D 12 Ultimate (12_2), OpenGL
List of Nvidia graphics processing units
List_of_Nvidia_graphics_processing_units
Defunct American particle accelerator at Fermilab in Illinois (1983–2011)
Tevatron was a circular particle accelerator (active until 2011) in the United States, at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (called Fermilab), east
Tevatron
Electrostatic generator operating on the triboelectric effect
particle accelerator for physics research, as its high potential can be used to accelerate subatomic particles to great speeds in an evacuated accelerator tube
Van_de_Graaff_generator
Ray accelerators : AI accelerators and Compute units (CU) v t e Texture fillrate is calculated as the number of Texture Mapping Units multiplied by the
List of AMD graphics processing units
List_of_AMD_graphics_processing_units
Combinational digital circuit
actin-based). Adder (electronics) Address generation unit (AGU) Binary multiplier Execution unit Load–store unit Status register Atul P. Godse; Deepali
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Total market value of goods and services produced within a country
Research, noted that "it's difficult to see if the current G.D.P.-based model of economic growth can go hand-in-hand with rapid cutting of emissions"
Gross_domestic_product
Holds that money is created endogenously by the banking sector
policy prescriptions; circuitism rejects, among other things, the money multiplier based on reserve requirements, arguing that money is created by banks
Monetary_circuit_theory
Type of digital adder
together. A carry save adder is typically used in a binary multiplier, since a binary multiplier involves addition of more than two binary numbers after
Carry-save_adder
Specialized computer hardware
Hardware acceleration is the use of computer hardware, known as a hardware accelerator, to perform specific functions faster than can be done by software running
Hardware_acceleration
Model of long-run economic growth
The Solow–Swan model or exogenous growth model is an economic model of long-run economic growth. It attempts to explain long-run economic growth by looking
Solow–Swan_model
American manufacturer, 1946–2005
Trump-designed MIT accelerator as a research accelerator prototype. This single-stage "CN" model was the first mass-produced research accelerator. CN machines
High Voltage Engineering Corporation
High_Voltage_Engineering_Corporation
Growth model in economics
The AK model of economic growth is an endogenous growth model used in the theory of economic growth, a subfield of modern macroeconomics. In the 1980s
AK_model
Concept in economics
no national output. The slope of the AD curve is steeper given a high multiplier value. The Keynesian cross can be demonstrated through the following system
Keynesian_cross
Study of an economy as a whole
2025-12-08. "Deposit Multiplier vs. Money Multiplier: What's the Difference?". Investopedia. Retrieved 2025-04-30. "What Is the Multiplier Effect? Formula
Macroeconomics
Geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period
values based on the CAGR of a data series (you find future values by multiplying the last datum of the series by (1 + CAGR) as many times as years required)
Compound_annual_growth_rate
Framework in macroeconomics
The overlapping generations (OLG) model is one of the dominating frameworks of analysis in the study of macroeconomic dynamics and economic growth. In
Overlapping_generations_model
AMD graphics processing units
3rd generation Raytracing Accelerators for improved ray tracing performance and image quality 2nd Generation AI Accelerators with support for FP16, INT8
Radeon_RX_9000_series
Method of CPU communication
generally in conflict with the intent of being cheaper. Synonyms: foldback, multiply mapped, partially mapped, address aliasing. Linear decoding Address lines
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Model used in Macroeconomics
macroeconomic model is an analytical tool designed to describe the operation of the problems of economy of a country or a region. These models are usually
Macroeconomic_model
Timeline of early 3D graphics hardware
many more instances than listed. "Matrix multiplier", "vector processor", "tensor processor", "3D accelerator", "Geometry Engine", and "geometry pipeline"
Timeline of early 3D computer graphics hardware
Timeline_of_early_3D_computer_graphics_hardware
Processor design concept
(MPSoC) Cypress PSoC Network on a chip (NoC) Hardware accelerators Coprocessor AI accelerator Graphics processing unit (GPU) Image processor Vision processing
Translation_lookaside_buffer
Series of language models developed by Google AI
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) is a language model introduced in October 2018 by researchers at Google. It learns to represent
BERT_(language_model)
Economic theory
the Solow–Swan model. They favored a model that replaced the exogenous growth variable (unexplained technical progress) with a model in which the key
Endogenous_growth_theory
Rise of wage adjusted for inflation
Tariff Models Accelerator AD–AS Arrow–Debreu Endogenous growth General equilibrium DSGE Harrod–Domar IS–LM Keynesian cross Matching Multiplier Mundell–Fleming
Wage_growth
Schools of economic thought developed at elite colleges in the 1970s United States
economic model and, in particular, about the internal consistency of the economic model. In general, "saltwater economists" insist less on internal model consistency
Saltwater and freshwater economics
Saltwater_and_freshwater_economics
Experimental Van de Graaff generator
parallel particle accelerator projects at the University of Cambridge, where John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton were developing voltage multiplier circuits, and
Round_Hill_generator
Brand of data center GPUs by AMD
programming model and tools for developing and deploying generative AI applications on AMD hardware. The MI350X and MI355X are data center accelerators built
AMD_Instinct
International standard system
macroeconomic statistics. They provide essential data for empirical macroeconomic models and economic forecasting. When governments use SNA standards to guide the
System_of_National_Accounts
Process by which the money supply of an economic region is increased
According to the money multiplier theory, which is often cited in macroeconomics textbooks, the central bank controls the money multiplier because it can impose
Money_creation
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
Early examples of CPU caches include the Atlas 2 and the IBM System/360 Model 85 in the 1960s. The first CPUs that used a cache had only one level of
CPU_cache
neural network accelerators, this typically involves quantization-aware training, calibration, or other techniques that maintain model accuracy at the
Hardware/software_co-design
AI research laboratory
conventional Turing machine). The company has created many neural network models trained with reinforcement learning to play video games and board games
Google_DeepMind
Economic theory
The overshooting model, or the exchange rate overshoot hypothesis, first developed by economist Rudi Dornbusch, is a theoretical explanation for high
Overshooting_model
Problems with central processing unit design
(MPSoC) Cypress PSoC Network on a chip (NoC) Hardware accelerators Coprocessor AI accelerator Graphics processing unit (GPU) Image processor Vision processing
Hazard (computer architecture)
Hazard_(computer_architecture)
Macroeconomic method
data. Lucas claimed that the decision rules of Keynesian models, such as the fiscal multiplier, cannot be considered as structural, in the sense that they
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium
Dynamic_stochastic_general_equilibrium
The Polak model is a monetary approach to the balance of payment published by J. J. Polak in 1957. It seeks to model a small, open economy operating under
Polak_model
American physicist (1901–1967)
commercially produced tandem accelerator, the EN tandem. Over the next decade, HVEC developed four larger, higher-voltage models. Between 1958 and 1973, the
Robert_J._Van_de_Graaff
representations, this can be done on a digit-by-digit basis. Many hardware multipliers internally use Booth encoding, a redundant binary representation. Bitwise
Redundant binary representation
Redundant_binary_representation
Reduction in private investment caused by increased government borrowing
through the fiscal multiplier and thus stimulates – or "crowds in" – fixed investment (via the "accelerator effect"). This accelerator effect is most important
Crowding_out_(economics)
AMD compute-focused GPU microarchitecture
MI350X and MI355X at Advancing AI 2025. The new models come in two forms: the single GPU in the OCP Accelerator Module (OAM) form factor and a water-cooled
CDNA_(microarchitecture)
Fast, high sensitivity, low noise electronic photon detector
electrode toward the electron multiplier, where electrons are multiplied by the process of secondary emission. The electron multiplier consists of a number of
Photomultiplier_tube
Computer hardware technology
(MPSoC) Cypress PSoC Network on a chip (NoC) Hardware accelerators Coprocessor AI accelerator Graphics processing unit (GPU) Image processor Vision processing
Trusted_Execution_Technology
Economic model
The Lucas islands model is an economic model of the link between money supply and price and output changes in a simplified economy using rational expectations
Lucas_islands_model
Macroeconomic model relating aggregate demand and supply
demand–aggregate supply model (also known as the aggregate supply–aggregate demand or AS–AD model) is a widely used macroeconomic model that explains short-run
AD–AS_model
School of thought in macroeconomics
as price stickiness and imperfect competition, to generate macroeconomic models similar to earlier, Keynesian ones. Classical economics is the term used
New_classical_macroeconomics
School of macroeconomics
of the multiplier. Huw Dixon and Gregory Mankiw developed independently simple general equilibrium models showing that the fiscal multiplier could be
New_Keynesian_economics
Security-related instruction code processor extension
Intel issued a statement, stating that this attack was outside the threat model of SGX, that they cannot guarantee that code run by the user comes from
Software_Guard_Extensions
Register in a computer's CPU
from the immediate access storage. It was first implemented in von Neumann model. It contains a copy of the value in the memory location specified by the
Memory_buffer_register
CERN LHC experiment
particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Switzerland
ATLAS_experiment
Neoclassical economic model
The Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans model (also known as the Ramsey growth model or the neoclassical growth model) is a foundational model in neoclassical economics
Ramsey–Cass–Koopmans_model
GPU microarchitecture by AMD released in 2020
tracing is a new feature for RDNA 2 which is handled by a dedicated ray accelerator inside each CU. Ray tracing on RDNA 2 relies on the more open DirectX
RDNA_2
Circuit that performs subtraction
Half subtractor Multiplier (×) Binary multiplier Multiplication algorithm Booth's multiplication algorithm Wallace tree Dadda multiplier Booth encoding
Subtractor
American economist
Everyday Was Revolutionary Mehrling, Perry G. (December 1986). "A classical model of the class struggle: A game-theoretic approach". The Journal of Political
Perry_Mehrling
Scientific methodology
deductive-nomological model (DN model) of scientific explanation, also known as Hempel's model, the Hempel–Oppenheim model, the Popper–Hempel model, or the covering
Deductive-nomological_model
AI accelerator ASIC by Google
accelerator designs are appearing from other vendors also and are aimed at embedded and robotics markets. Google's TPUs are proprietary. Some models are
Tensor_Processing_Unit
Next Generation Integrated Graphics Architecture – Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X3000 and 3000" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-06-08. "Intel G35 Product Brief"
List of Intel graphics processing units
List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units
Procedure to convert 3D scenes to 2D images
explicitly targeting various graphics hardware accelerators like AMD, Intel, Nvidia, and others. The model of the graphics pipeline is usually used in real-time
Graphics_pipeline
Swedish economist (1851–1926)
and much of the present conception of that theory stems from Wicksell's model. Wicksell's (1898, 1906) theory of the "cumulative process" of inflation
Knut_Wicksell
Motor vehicle
not multiply the torque) on their manual transmissions, and the Hy-Drive was an evolution of this. It was sold by Plymouth for the entire 1953 model year
Hy-Drive
(GNH) Gross national income in the European Union Gross output Input–output model Intermediate consumption List of countries by real GDP per capita growth
Measures of national income and output
Measures_of_national_income_and_output
The shadow rate is an interest rate in some financial models. It is used to measure the economy when nominal interest rates come close to the zero lower
Shadow_rate
A Calvo contract is the name given in macroeconomics to the pricing model that when a firm sets a nominal price there is a constant probability that a
Calvo_(staggered)_contracts
Postwar academic movement in economics
basis for the IS-LM model. In an additional effort to quantify the hypotheses derived from theoretical models, macro-econometric models were created. In
Neoclassical_synthesis
Understanding of macroeconomic phenomena based on economic agents' actions
increased income) due to temporary income, which is crucial for the Keynesian multiplier, was likely to be much smaller than Keynesians assumed. For this reason
Microfoundations
Economic Model
In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex
Arrow–Debreu_model
GPU microarchitecture by AMD
shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units : Ray accelerators : AI accelerators and Compute units (CU) Formerly officially declared performance
RDNA_4
Indian physicist
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) and comparison to experiment. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers
Archana_Sharma_(physicist)
School of economic thought
neoclassical synthesis, equilibrium models were the rule. In these models, rigid wages modeled unemployment at equilibria. These models were challenged by Don Patinkin
Disequilibrium_macroeconomics
Macroeconomic theory
extension of credit by banks. MMT economists regard the concept of the money multiplier, where a bank is completely constrained in lending through the deposits
Modern_Monetary_Theory
British economist
was the first to demonstrate in a simple general equilibrium model that the fiscal multiplier could be increasing with the degree of imperfect competition
Huw_Dixon
Interest seen as a reward for parting with liquidity
quantity of money demanded equals the quantity of money supplied (see IS/LM model). According to the Freiwirtschaft school of economics, if the liquidity
Liquidity_preference
Economic model
The Mundell–Fleming model, also known as the IS-LM-BoP model (or IS-LM-BP model), is an economic model first set forth (independently) by Robert Mundell
Mundell–Fleming_model
Parallel computing platform and programming model
7.7". Raihan, Md Aamir; Goli, Negar; Aamodt, Tor (2018). "Modeling Deep Learning Accelerator Enabled GPUs". arXiv:1811.08309 [cs.MS]. "NVIDIA Ada Lovelace
CUDA
Macroeconomic model
business-cycle theory (RBC theory) is a class of new classical macroeconomics models in which business-cycle fluctuations are accounted for by real, in contrast
Real_business-cycle_theory
Measure of economic activity
Tariff Models Accelerator AD–AS Arrow–Debreu Endogenous growth General equilibrium DSGE Harrod–Domar IS–LM Keynesian cross Matching Multiplier Mundell–Fleming
Net_national_income
64-bit extension of the ARM architecture
support for PCIe hot plug (AArch64). Atomic 64-byte load and stores to accelerators (AArch64). Wait For Interrupt (WFI) and Wait For Event (WFE) with timeout
AArch64
Neutrino observatory in Japan
Japan. It is conducted by the University of Tokyo and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), in collaboration with institutes from over
Hyper-Kamiokande
Form of investment funding
support participating companies. Seed accelerator companies will assess based on startup companies' business model and ensure market/customer sector validated
Social_venture_capital
Theory of equilibrium between supply and demand
held constant. General equilibrium theory both studies economies using the model of equilibrium pricing and seeks to determine in which circumstances the
General_equilibrium_theory
GPU microarchitecture by AMD
generation ray-tracing accelerators. Each Compute Unit contains one ray tracing accelerator. The overall number of ray tracing accelerators is increased due
RDNA_3
American electrical engineer and chip designer
performance improvement over TPUv3) Edge TPU (a compact deep learning accelerator for edge devices) VCU (Video Coding Unit) IPU (Image Processing Unit)
Amir_Salek
Algorithm for computing trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and exponential functions
to the number required for a multiplier as both require combinations of shifts and additions. The choice for a multiplier-based or CORDIC-based implementation
CORDIC
Macro model in economics
J. and McGrattan, E. R. (2000), "Sticky price models of the business cycle: Can the contract multiplier solve the persistence problem?", Econometrica
Taylor_contract_(economics)
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