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Mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphism
mt-SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism on the mitochondrial chromosome. mt-SNPs are often used in maternal genealogical DNA testing. A single nucleotide
Mt-SNP
M173 is the 173rd SNP documented by the Human Population Genetics Laboratory at Stanford University, which uses the letter M. Mt-SNP Short tandem repeat
Y-SNP
DNA-based genetic test
a genetic testing service. Living DNA uses SNP chips to provide reports on autosomal ancestry, Y, and mtDNA ancestry. Living DNA provides detailed reports
Genealogical_DNA_test
Measurement of genetic variations
SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between members of a species. It is a form of genotyping
SNP_genotyping
Study of the human mitochondrial genome
oxidative phosphorylation, OXPHOS. The mtDNA contains 13 proteins that contribute to OXPHOS, indicating that mtSNPs greatly contribute to athletic performance
Human_mitochondrial_genetics
Matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans
known as the Mitochondrial-Most Recent Common Ancestor, shortened to mt-Eve or mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living
Mitochondrial_Eve
Subgroup of a haplogroup in genetics
a central reference for many mtDNA classification tools. Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of SNP markers on the Y chromosome.
Subclade
Group of similar haplotypes
is a list of Y-chromosome and MtDNA geographic haplogroup assignment proposed by Bekada et al. 2013. According to SNPS haplogroups which are the age of
Haplogroup
Haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA
similar haplotypes defined by combinations of single nuclear polymorphism (SNPs) in mtDNA inherited from a common ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA is passed down
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Human_mitochondrial_DNA_haplogroup
Type of pottery from Umayyad period
site dating back to 7570-6200 BCE. Genome scientists, who used SNP analysis to identify mtDNA haplogroups, ascertained that the Bhirrana culture of India
Buff_ware
Dogs living with indigenous Americans
Chihuahua some mtDNA evidence; but nuclear SNP only has ~4% native content, being mainly European Xoloitzcuintle some mtDNA evidence; but nuclear SNP only shows
Native_American_dogs
Dog breed
clustered with East Asian dogs. In 2018, a study compared mtDNA sequences and nuclear SNPs of fossil North American dogs with fossil Siberian dogs and
Carolina_Dog
Scottish actor (born 1946)
Scottish Parliament election. Cox endorsed the Scottish National Party (SNP) in the 2011 Parliament election because of their higher education policy
Brian_Cox_(actor)
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
Therefore, the SNP Consortium protocol was designed to identify SNPs with no bias towards coding regions and the Consortium's 100,000 SNPs generally reflect
Human_genome
Type of paternal lineage
to their defining SNP mutations: for example, R-M343 is equivalent to R1b. Phylogenetic names change with new discoveries and SNP-based names are consequently
Haplogroup_R1b
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
genetics, Haplogroup H5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup descended from Haplogroup H (mtDNA). H5 is defined by T16304C in the HVR1 region and
Haplogroup_H5_(mtDNA)
Human DNA groupings
numbers of short tandem repeats (STRs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The Y-chromosome accumulates approximately two mutations per generation
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup
Archaological dating based on mutation rate
of mutations on both lineages but in different positions (SNPs). As long as the number of SNP observed approximates the number of mutations this formula
Human mitochondrial molecular clock
Human_mitochondrial_molecular_clock
Species of moth discovered in Sichuan, China
valley, Mt. Gongga. It was differentiated as a new species using morphological and genetic evidence, including genome-wide analysis of SNPs and COI barcodes
Thitarodes_shambalaensis
Sneezing in response to numerous stimuli
the probability of photic sneeze reflex. The C allele on the rs10427255 SNP is particularly implicated in this although the mechanism is unknown by which
Photic_sneeze_reflex
People of Andaman archipelago
Pan-Asian SNP Consortium) (June 2013). "Admixture patterns and genetic differentiation in negrito groups from West Malaysia estimated from genome-wide SNP data"
Andamanese_peoples
Y chromosome haplogroup
haplogroup. The genetic markers confirmed as identifying I-M253 are the SNPs M253,M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62
Haplogroup_I-M253
Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in western Eurasia
3) G2b (M377, L72, L183) G2b1 (M283) (Subclades here conform to the Y-DNA SNP definitions used by ISOGG In 2012, several categories found only in one man
Haplogroup_G-M201
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA). The clade arose from haplogroup R, likely during the early Upper Paleolithic. Its various
Haplogroup_U
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
the presence of the M120 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M265 (AKA N14) SNP. This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's Draft
Haplogroup_Q-M120
Tatiana M.; Zhivotovsky, Lev A.; Hammer, Michael F. (2004). "High-Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Shin KJ (November 2006). "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_A_(mtDNA)
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Shin, Kyoung-Jin (2006). "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_B_(mtDNA)
East Asian ethnic group
Comparisons of Y chromosome single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between modern Northern Han Chinese and 3,000-year-old
Han_Chinese
Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Sanchez, Juan J. (20 December 2006). "Multiplexed SNP Typing of Ancient DNA Clarifies the Origin of Andaman mtDNA Haplogroups amongst South Asian Tribal Populations"
Haplogroup_M_(mtDNA)
DNA analysis of Jewish populations
three types of genealogical DNA tests: autosomal (atDNA), mitochondrial (mtDNA), and Y-chromosome (Y-DNA). Autosomal testing, which looks at the largest
Genetic_studies_of_Jews
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
12 at short tandem repeat (STR) marker DYS392 and all will have the M285 SNP mutation which characterizes this group. This value of 12 is also uncommon
Haplogroup_G-M285
Genetics on the peopling of the Americas
the Q-M3 (SNP) mutation. These descendants migrated all over the Americas. Haplogroup Q-M3 is defined by the presence of the rs3894 (M3) (SNP). The Q-M3
Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Species of plant with edible seeds
haploid production. There is a proposed revision of the gene pools using SNP phylogeny. National Lentil Festival Food portal "Vicia lens (L.) Coss. &
Lentil
East Asian ethnic group
SoJeong; An, Hyungmi; Lee, Howard; Lee, Sangin (2014). "Ancestry informative SNP panels for discriminating the major East Asian populations: Han Chinese,
Koreans
DNA analysis of Bulgarian populations
related to Bulgarians by au, mt, and Y-DNA a conclusion backed also by a pan-European autosomal study investigating 500,568 SNP (loci) of 1,387 Europeans
Genetic_studies_on_Bulgarians
Soonair Lines SOONAIR United States SNM Servizi Aerei SERVIZI AEREI Italy SNP Sun Pacific International SUN PACIFIC United States SNQ Sun Quest Executive
List_of_airline_codes
Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Kim, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_N_(mtDNA)
Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup with a widespread modern distribution, particularly in Subequatorial Africa. Its L2a subclade
Haplogroup_L2
Human mitochondrial DNA
mtDNA haplotree. Link to branch J. It has been theorized[by whom?] that the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation related to SNPs which define mt-haplogroup
Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)
Ethnicity in South America
(0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bio-anthropological studies but it can be mainly
Pardo_Brazilians
Prehistoric inhabitants in Japan
2016.110. PMC 5285490. PMID 27581845. Allele sharing analysis using 5392 SNP sites showed that the Ainu had the highest percentage of allele sharing with
Jōmon_people
DNA analysis of Russian populations
in Russians". The mitochondrial gene pool of Russians are represented by mtDNA types belonging to typical West Eurasian groups. East Eurasian admixture
Genetic_studies_on_Russians
edition of the tournament. THW Kiel won their 13th title with a win over MT Melsungen. In the first round eleven teams from 2. Bunesliga and 3. Liga played
2024–25_DHB-Pokal
Ethnic group indigenous to the Ryukyu Islands
of Modern Japanese Revisited by Bayesian Inference Based on Genome-Wide SNP Data". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 32 (6): 1533–1534. doi:10.1093/molbev/msv045
Ryukyuans
Turkic ethnic group in the Volga-Ural region of Russia
Крыма по маркерам Y-хромосомы, мтДНК и полногеномных панелей аутосомных SNP : диссертация . кандидата биологических наук: 03.02.07 - Агджоян А.Т. (in
Volga_Tatars
DNA testing to infer relationships
family tree). Living DNA, founded in 2015, uses SNP chips to provide reports on autosomal ancestry, Y, and mtDNA ancestry. By 2019, the combined total of
Genetic_genealogy
Villages in a Secluded Area of Sardinia Revealed by Genome-Wide High Density SNPs Analysis". PLOS ONE. 4 (2) e4654. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.4654P. doi:10.1371/journal
Genetic_history_of_Sardinia
Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Crimea
Indigenous Peoples of Crimea by Markers of Y-Chromosomes, mtDNA, and Genome-Wide Panels of Autosomal SNP" (PDF). Институт Общей Генетики Им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской
Crimean_Tatars
DNA analysis of Croat populations
genetic systems atDNA (A), YDNA (B) and mtDNA (C) per Kushniarevich et al. (2015) PC1vsPC2 plot based on whole genome SNP data per Kushniarevich et al. (2015)
Genetic_studies_on_Croats
Scottish actor and comedian (born 1942)
Party which criticised the Scottish National Party. In 1999, he blamed the SNP for a perceived increase in Anglophobia in Scotland; described the new Scottish
Billy_Connolly
Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup
Kim, CY; Shin, KJ (2006). "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_D_(mtDNA)
1995 Scottish local government election
for a majority First party Second party Third party Party Independent SNP Labour Last election 34 seats, 55.2% 4 seats, 16.2% 8 seats, 14.5% Seats won
1995 Highland Council election
1995_Highland_Council_election
Hybrid species of bee
Thomas E.; Allsopp, Michael H.; Zayed, Amro; Oldroyd, Benjamin P. (2015). "A SNP test to identify Africanized honeybees via proportion of 'African' ancestry"
Africanized_bee
Hominin fossil found in Siberia
(2016) found that he was K2(xK2b,K2c,K2d,K2e): positive for some but not all SNPs of K2a as it was then defined, such as M2308. Prior to this particular research
Ust'-Ishim_man
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
are independently associated with ERAP2 expression and show that multiple SNPs act in concert to regulate ERAP2 expression.Different ERAP2 protein haplotypes
ERAP2
Canid native to the southeastern United States
study reviewed a subset of the 2011 study's Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and proposed that its methodology had skewed the results and that the
Red_wolf
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
While the unique SNP PF5850 is unambiguously downstream of the defining SNPs of haplogroup K2b and upstream of formerly defining SNPs (such as P295), this
Haplogroup_P_(Y-DNA)
Subgroup of a human Y-DNA haplogroup
presence of the M25 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as well as the M143, L714, and L716 SNPs. This is Thomas Krahn at the Genomic Research Center's
Haplogroup_Q-M25
Prehistoric human remains found in England
used could be further improved with "additional (but currently unknown) SNP predictors once identified via future GWAS". Meiklejohn, C (2011). "Radiocarbon
Cheddar_Man
Ethnoreligious group native to the Levant
further distinguished by the M67 SNP—the derived allele of which has been found in the Danafi family—and the PF5169 SNP found in the Tsedakah family. However
Samaritans
DNA analysis of Bosniak populations
The SNP I-P37 itself formed approximately 20 thousand YBP and had TMRCA 18 thousand YBP according to YFull, being too old and widespread as an SNP for
Genetic_studies_on_Bosniaks
The Americas prior to European influence
common ancestor. The Y-DNA SNP mutations were passed from father to son over thousands of years. Over time, additional SNPs occur within a haplogroup,
Pre-Columbian_era
Legume grown for its edible bean
agronomically relevant traits, and produce high-density linkage maps. An SNP array was developed by Song et al., 2013 and has been used for research and
Soybean
European archaeological culture, 2800–1800 BC
and eye pigmentation than the local population, but low frequencies of the SNP associated with lactase persistence in modern Europeans. Strontium and oxygen
Bell_Beaker_culture
Diverse collection of blood-related cancers
(February 2008). "Chromosomal lesions and uniparental disomy detected by SNP arrays in MDS, MDS/MPD, and MDS-derived AML". Blood. 111 (3): 1534–42. doi:10
Myelodysplastic_syndrome
Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain
demonstrated a reduction in MT-ND4 expression. MT-ND4 contains one of five mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with age-related
MT-ND4
Ethnoreligious group in North Africa
genome-wide study by Hollfelder et al. analyzed approximately 3.9 million SNPs from 18 different populations in Sudan and South Sudan, including members
Copts
Patrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans
common ancestor is known as "Mitochondrial Eve" (mt-MRCA, named for the matrilineal transmission of mtDNA), the most recent woman from whom all living
Y-chromosomal_Adam
In genetics, rs6311 is a gene variation—a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)—in the human HTR2A gene that codes for the 5-HT2A receptor. 5-HT2A is a
Rs6311
DNA analysis of Moroccan populations
Moroccan Jews (8%, 50 people). Concerning E-M123 without checking for the E-M34 SNP is found at small frequencies in Morocco A Low regional percentages for E-M123
Genetic_studies_on_Moroccans
Romani subgroup in the UK
3390/genes13112068. ISSN 2073-4425. PMC 9690732. PMID 36360305. Based on genome-wide SNP arrays and whole-genome sequences, it has been determined that the Romani
Romanichal
Speakers of Austronesian languages
been conducted on Austronesian peoples. Haplogroup O1a, marked by the M119 SNP, is frequently detected in native Taiwanese and northern Filipinos, as well
Austronesian_peoples
1995 Scottish local government election
Candidate Votes % Labour W. Traynor 974 53.8 SNP A. Angus 388 21.4 Independent Labour J. Main 370 20.4 Conservative M.T. Morgan 40 2.2 Liberal Democrats B.J.S
1995 City of Aberdeen Council election
1995_City_of_Aberdeen_Council_election
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Kim, and Kyoung-Jin Shin, "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_R_(mtDNA)
Nepalese ethnic group
Tibetan Plateau inferred from high-resolution InDel panel and genome-wide SNPS". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 56 102633. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021
Sherpa_people
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
plays a role in the debate about the origins of Proto-Indo-Europeans. The SNP mutation R-M420 was discovered after R-M17 (R1a1a), which resulted in a reorganization
Haplogroup_R1a
also called GBS, is a method to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to perform genotyping studies, such as genome-wide association
Genotyping_by_sequencing
Country in Northern Europe
Finno-Ugric speaking populations of northern and eastern Europe. Y-chromosome SNP haplogroup analysis showed Lithuanians to be genetically closest to Latvians
Lithuania
Drug for erectile dysfunction and hypertension
complexes: Roussin's black salt Roussin's red salt Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) NONOates (diazeniumdiolates): Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO) Diethylenetriamine/NO
Sildenafil
Archaeogenetic name for an ancestral genetic component
2018 "Supplementary Information page 52: "The derived allele of the KITLG SNP rs12821256 that is associated with – and likely causal for blond hair in
Eastern_hunter-gatherer
People of Brazil
(0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly
Brazilians
One of the two categories of Indigenous Australians
components in Aboriginal Australian genomes, reported on the basis of genome-wide SNP data; and second, the existence of a Y chromosome (male) lineage, designated
Aboriginal_Australians
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an
Haplogroup_R0
"Analysis and application of European genetic substructure using 300 K SNP information". PLOS Genetics. 4 (1) e4. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040004.
Genetic_history_of_Italy
Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry
Hwan Young Lee (2006). "East Asian mtDNA haplogroup determination in Koreans: Haplogroup-level coding region SNP analysis and subhaplogroup-level control
Haplogroup_Y
Personality disorder involving extreme asociality
relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs". Nature Genetics. 45 (9): 984–994. doi:10.1038/ng.2711. PMID 23933821. Bleuler
Schizoid_personality_disorder
Atypical antipsychotic medication
et al. (2006). "Pharmacologic analysis of non-synonymous coding h5-HT2A SNPs reveals alterations in atypical antipsychotic and agonist efficacies". The
Olanzapine
Ethnic group of southern China
"Genetic structure of the Han Chinese population revealed by genome-wide SNP variation". American Journal of Human Genetics. 85 (6): 775–785. doi:10.1016/j
Teochew_people
Zoroastrian community in the Indian subcontinent
local populations. A study published in Genome Biology based on high density SNP data has shown that the Parsis are genetically closer to Iranian populations
Parsis
Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary subclade of Haplogroup R is Haplogroup R2 (R-M479)
Haplogroup_R1
Strathclyde Regional Council election
second-largest party after winning 20 seats. The Scottish National Party (SNP) came third in the popular vote and took five seats. The Liberal Party took
1974 Strathclyde Regional Council election
1974_Strathclyde_Regional_Council_election
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times
Ashkenazi_Jews
Cancer of plasma cells
29 months for stage-3 disease. The median age at diagnosis is 69 years. SNP array karyotyping can detect copy number alterations of prognostic significance
Multiple_myeloma
DNA analysis of Serb populations
markers within our genome, the Y-chromosome (Y-DNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as autosomal DNA. The data from Y-DNA and autosomal DNA suggests
Genetic_studies_on_Serbs
British psychologist and author (born 1958)
who took the eyes test. Baron-Cohen found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) partly contribute to individual differences on this dimensional trait measure
Simon_Baron-Cohen
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
important tool to guide therapeutic intervention. The tool of gene sequencing at SNP level is also used to pinpoint functional variants from association studies
Whole_genome_sequencing
Ethnic and cultural group in the United States
R1b3 and E3a are differentiated by previously phylogenetically undefined Y-SNPs". Human Mutation. 28 (1): 97. doi:10.1002/humu.9469. PMID 17154278. Salas
African_Americans
Nakagome, Shigeki; Watanabe, Chiaki; Yamaguchi, Kyoko (2014). "Genome-Wide SNP Analysis Reveals Population Structure and Demographic History of the Ryukyu
Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
Franke A, Hampe J, Onnie CM, Soars D, et al. (May 2007). "A nonsynonymous SNP in ATG16L1 predisposes to ileal Crohn's disease and is independent of CARD15
Crohn's_disease
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