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Class of materials
Molecule-based magnets (MBMs) or molecular magnets are magnetic materials composed of discrete molecules, typically either an organic molecule or a coordination
Molecule-based_magnets
Metal-organic compound
magnets and molecule-based magnets, collective long-range magnetic ordering of magnetic moments is not necessary. Although the term "single-molecule magnet"
Single-molecule_magnet
Object that has a magnetic field
nanoparticles Magnetic switch Magneto Magnetochemistry Molecule-based magnets Single-molecule magnet Supermagnet Platonis Opera Archived 2018-01-14 at the
Magnet
conductivity or ferromagnetism (molecule-based magnets), and applications to functional materials are expected. However, as these molecules are quite reactive and
Non-Kekulé_molecule
Topics referred to by the same term
Molecular magnet can refer to: Molecule-based magnet, an unconventional magnetic material that consists of organic molecules, coordination compounds, or
Molecular_magnet
Japanese chemist
Japan Academy Prize 2010 The Order of the Sacred Treasure Organic molecule-based magnets, Radical and carbene chemistry, Correlated internal rotation (molecular
Hiizu_Iwamura
Class of physical phenomena
stirrer Molecule-based magnets Switched-mode power supply Magnetic structure Micromagnetism Neodymium magnet Plastic magnet Rare-earth magnet Spin wave
Magnetism
"Novel Mechanism of Photoinduced Reversible Phase Transitions in Molecule-Based Magnets". Physical Review Letters. 86 (2): 348–351. arXiv:cond-mat/0006076
Photomagnetism
Object which is made of plastic and has magnetic properties
A plastic magnet is a non-metallic magnet made from an organic polymer. Plastic magnets could be used in computer hardware such as disc drives, as well
Plastic_magnet
materials such as micelles, liposomes, and polymers. Molecular magnets (single-molecule magnets) are a platform that incorporates insoluble (toxic) drugs into
Magnetic_drug_delivery
tagging velocimetry Molecular term symbol Molecular vibration Molecule Molecule-based magnets Molière radius Molniya orbit Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment
Index_of_physics_articles_(M)
Trap using a magnetic field to trap micrometre-seized ferromagnetic beads
In experiments, the molecule of interest is attached to a magnetic microparticle. The magnetic tweezer is equipped with magnets that are used to manipulate
Magnetic_tweezers
American inorganic chemist
fabricated ion routes. Trigonal-bipyramidal cyanide cluster with single-molecule magnets can provide magnetic bistability. They have unique physical properties
Kim_Renee_Dunbar
Class of chemical compounds
Spin Correlations and Excitations in Spin-frustrated Molecular and Molecule-based Magnets. Forschungszentrum Jülich. pp. 97–165. ISBN 978-3-89336-797-9. Nawa
Carbonate_chloride
British chemist
different fields including in nuclear fuel cycles, energy and single molecule magnets. Mills completed his MChem in 2004 at Cardiff University where he finished
David_P._Mills
American inorganic chemist
ground state, the characterization of radical-bridged lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs), and the isolation of atomically defined 2-D metal-halide sheets
Jeffrey_R._Long
Molecular structure having atoms at the centre and corners of a pentagonal bipyramid
claimed to be promising coordination geometries for lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets, since they present no extradiagonal crystal field terms, therefore
Pentagonal bipyramidal molecular geometry
Pentagonal_bipyramidal_molecular_geometry
Matter which can change its physical properties in a programmable fashion
these reasons, electropermanent magnets are essential components of the research studies aiming to build programmable magnets that can give rise to self-building
Programmable_matter
American inorganic chemist
(1999-06-01). "Sol−Gel Synthesis of KVII[CrIII(CN)6]·2H2O: A Crystalline Molecule-Based Magnet with a Magnetic Ordering Temperature above 100 °C". Journal of the
Gregory_S._Girolami
Particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland
place. Some 1,232 dipole magnets keep the beams on their circular path (see image), while an additional 392 quadrupole magnets are used to keep the beams
Large_Hadron_Collider
Type of neuroimaging
it is not random, but dependent on the location of the molecule in the magnet. For molecules that aren't moving, the deviation from ideal relaxation
T2*-weighted_imaging
Spectrometer
but these permanent magnets still weighed hundreds of kilograms and could not be placed on a benchtop. Superconducting magnets were developed to achieve
Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer
Benchtop_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectrometer
Chemical compound
data. Shishlov, Nikolay M. (2006). "From the Gomberg radical to organic magnets". Russian Chemical Reviews. 75 (10): 863–884. doi:10.1070/RC2006v075n10ABEH003621
Triphenylmethyl_radical
Concept in the physics of electromagnetism
distances the first non-zero term will dominate.[citation needed] For many magnets the first non-zero term is the magnetic dipole moment. (To date, no isolated
Magnetic_moment
capture them inside the column. The column is placed between permanent magnets so that when the magnetic particle–cell complex passes through it, the
Magnetic-activated cell sorting
Magnetic-activated_cell_sorting
nanodevices based on the novel properties exhibited by some nanoparticles and molecules. Potential applications of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) such
Local oxidation nanolithography
Local_oxidation_nanolithography
Electromagnetic phenomenon
systems). A magnetic dipole represents a sufficiently small magnet such as those due to atoms, molecules, and electrons. The strength of a dipole, whether electric
Dipole
Object with trapped electrical charge
or wax that contained polar molecules, and then allowed it to solidify in a powerful electric field. The polar molecules of the dielectric align themselves
Electret
1980s automobile controversy in Australia
crystals and magnets they called "Energy Polarizers". These devices were pseudoscientifically claimed to improve performance by "aligning molecules". In 1980
Energy_Polarizer_controversy
Branch of nanotechnology
called single-molecule electronics, is a branch of nanotechnology that uses single molecules, or nanoscale collections of single molecules, as electronic
Molecular-scale_electronics
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
living organisms, in which it acts as a solvent. Water, being a polar molecule, undergoes strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding which is a large contributor
Water
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
lighting applications. There are two main families of OLED: those based on small molecules and those employing polymers. Adding mobile ions to an OLED creates
OLED
Medical imaging technique
conceptual proposal or in engineering design. Most clinical magnets are superconducting magnets, which require liquid helium to keep them at low temperatures
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Type of magnetic phenomenon
substances, ferrimagnetic substances are attracted by magnets and can be magnetized to make permanent magnets. The oldest known magnetic substance, magnetite
Ferrimagnetism
oxygen can combine to form chemically stable molecules such as water molecules. The modern concept of molecules can be traced back towards pre-scientific
History_of_molecular_theory
German chemist
Wernsdorfer: Electrically driven nuclear spin resonance in single–molecule magnets. In Science 344, 2014, p. 1135–1138. with R. Vincent, S. Klyatskaya
Mario_Ruben
2015 studio album by Disclosure
singles were released from the album: "Holding On", "Omen", "Jaded", "Magnets" and "Nocturnal", with three promotional singles also being released: "Bang
Caracal_(album)
Theories, models and concepts that go back to the quantum hypothesis of Max Planck
quantum chemistry, quantum optics, quantum computing, superconducting magnets, light-emitting diodes, the optical amplifier and the laser, the transistor
Applications of quantum mechanics
Applications_of_quantum_mechanics
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
superconducting magnets in CERN's Large Hadron Collider unexpectedly quenched during start-up operations in 2008, destroying multiple magnets. In order to
Fusion_power
Method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics
theory or MOT) is a method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics. It was proposed early in the 20th century. The
Molecular_orbital_theory
Type of cyclic particle accelerator
acceleration, dipole magnets (bending magnets) for deflection of particles (to close the path), and quadrupole / sextupole magnets for beam focusing. The
Synchrotron
Laboratory technique
sample, as well as about connections between nearby nuclei in the same molecule. As the NMR spectra are unique or highly characteristic to individual compounds
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Magnetic property of ordinary materials
stably floated in a magnetic field, such as that from rare earth permanent magnets. This can be done with all components at room temperature, making a visually
Diamagnetism
Biological ability to perceive magnetic fields
exsulans become more variable in direction when close to strong rare-earth magnets placed in their natural habitat, suggesting that the animal uses its magnetic
Magnetoreception
Ferrocerium (cerium, iron) Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite
List_of_named_alloys
Form of matter
e. H2O). The atomic ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 2:1 in every molecule of water. Pure water will tend to boil near 100 °C (212 °F), an example
Substance_(chemistry)
Medical imaging technique
instead. Magnets are available in a variety of shapes. However, permanent magnets are most frequently C-shaped, and superconducting magnets most frequently
Physics of magnetic resonance imaging
Physics_of_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Italian chemist
counterfeiting applications, to the design of actinide based molecular magnets and to small molecule activation by complexes of f-block and d-block metals
Marinella_Mazzanti
Spectroscopic technique based on change of nuclear spin state
Commercial NMR spectrometers employing liquid helium cooled superconducting magnets with fields of up to 28 Tesla have been developed and are widely used.
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
Any of the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium
150 °C, Samarium-cobalt magnets are stronger. NdFeB and SmCo magnets are ten and six times stronger than standard ferrite magnets. Also, Nd and Sm are less
Rare-earth_element
Family of chemical compounds
light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and have been shown to stabilize single molecule magnets (SMMs). Reported by Bertrand in 2005, the first CAAC was synthesized
Cyclic_alkyl_amino_carbenes
Forms which matter can take
states are distinguished by the ways the component particles (atoms, molecules, ions and electrons) are arranged, and how they behave collectively. In
State_of_matter
Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power
is a machine which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus. The tokamak
Tokamak
into a nanopore can potentially solve a bottleneck for nanopore-based single-molecule DNA sequencing. On November 20, 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Potential applications of graphene
Potential_applications_of_graphene
Engineering of quantum spin systems to develop devices and materials
to create bulk materials or single molecules with well defined spin properties, such as a single-molecule magnet. The aim of this article is to provide
Spin_engineering
Techniques used to study protein–small molecule interactions
broad array of techniques used to identify and interrogate protein-small molecule interactions. Chemoproteomics complements phenotypic drug discovery, a
Chemoproteomics
Molecular magnet (qubit given by spin states) Fullerene-based ESR quantum computer (qubit based on the electronic spin of atoms or molecules encased in
List of proposed quantum registers
List_of_proposed_quantum_registers
Proposed spin-based quantum computer implementation
liquid state NMR (LSNMR) quantum information processing (QIP) is based on a molecule in which some of its atom's nuclei behave as spin-1/2 systems.
Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer
Chemical element with atomic number 74 (W)
tungsten steels were among the first permanent magnets produced through metal alloying. Chromium steel magnets were also developed in 1885, and these became
Tungsten
Stream of charged, or less frequently neutral particles
present. In all cases, the beam is steered with dipole magnets and focused with quadrupole magnets. With the end goal of reaching the desired position and
Particle_beam
Large-scale synchrotron facility in Australia
and an arc, with the arcs containing two dipole 'bending' magnets each. Each dipole magnet is a potential source of synchrotron light and most straight
Australian_Synchrotron
Term used for certain metallic elements
neodymium, gadolinium, and dysprosium. Neodymium magnets are the strongest type of permanent magnet commercially available. They are key components of
Heavy_metals
Chemical element with atomic number 104 (Rf)
The tetrahalides are volatile solids existing as monomeric tetrahedral molecules in the vapor phase. In the aqueous phase, the Rf4+ ion hydrolyzes less
Rutherfordium
Unit of information in a quantum computer
Zeeman sublevel-encoded qudits and a promising platform for scalable qudit-based quantum technologies. Quantum information is traditionally used in Ramsey
Qudit
Change of a linear protein chain to a 3D structure
protein is still being synthesized by the ribosome; however, a protein molecule may fold spontaneously during or after biosynthesis. While these macromolecules
Protein_folding
Various aspects about the use of magnetic nanoparticle use in drug delivery
near-surface disease states, magnets should be placed downstream of the disease locus, and for intra-surface disease states, magnets should be placed upstream
Magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery
Magnetic_nanoparticles_in_drug_delivery
Elementary particle with negative charge
responsible for the formation of chemical bonds between atoms to create molecules and crystals. These valence electrons also facilitate all types of chemical
Electron
Electrically insulating substance able to be polarised by an applied electric field
dielectric itself. If a dielectric is composed of weakly bonded molecules, those molecules not only become polarised, but also reorient so that their symmetry
Dielectric
Weak, attractive magnetism possessed by most elements and some compounds
spin, unpaired electrons have a magnetic dipole moment and act like tiny magnets. An external magnetic field causes the electrons' spins to align parallel
Paramagnetism
Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)
Alnico permanent magnets based partly on nickel are of intermediate strength between iron-based permanent magnets and rare-earth magnets. The metal is used
Nickel
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
direction but not magnitude) across a magnet, but in sufficiently small magnets, it does not. In these single-domain magnets, the magnetization responds to a
Hysteresis
Complete set of small molecules in a biological sample
laser desorption ionization). The charged molecules are then propelled through space using electrodes or magnets and their speed, rate of curvature, or other
Metabolome
Applications of liquid helium
accelerators where magnets are used for steering charged particles. If large magnetic fields are required then superconducting magnets are used. In order
Helium_cryogenics
Emerging technology field
concentrations, in the environment. Rice University has demonstrated a single-molecule car developed by a chemical process and including Buckminsterfullerenes
Nanorobotics
Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
As examples, the ground states of both the oxygen atom and the dioxygen molecule have two unpaired electrons and are therefore triplet states. The atomic
Spin_quantum_number
Directional dependence of substances' magnetic susceptibilities
Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851791-7. McCaig, Malcolm (1977). Permanent magnets in theory and practice. Pentech press. ISBN 978-0-7273-1604-2. Meiklejohn
Magnetic_anisotropy
Product sold in the automotive aftermarket
chlorine compounds. Magnets attached to a vehicle's fuel line have been claimed to improve fuel economy by aligning fuel molecules, but because motor fuels
Fuel_saving_device
Antiparticle of the electron
cloud chamber and a lead plate. A magnet surrounded this apparatus, causing particles to bend in different directions based on their electric charge. The
Positron
Materials made only out of carbon
Richard Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller. Fullerenes are positively curved molecules of varying sizes composed entirely of carbon, which take the form of a
Allotropes_of_carbon
Chemical element with atomic number 8 (O)
interpretation of water's composition, based on what is now called Avogadro's law and the diatomic elemental molecules in those gases. In 1879 the French
Oxygen
Unscientific healthcare practices
of treating sickness that medical science does not recognize". Use of magnets was the most common tool in energy medicine in America, and among users
Alternative_medicine
Technique for mapping interactions between molecules and their protein targets
for the small molecule of interest to interact with its target genomic regions. These genomic regions are then isolated using a magnet and subjected to
Chem-seq
American physicist
research has used time-domain terahertz spectroscopy to study single-molecule magnets and GHz resonators made from carbon nanotubes. She also has ongoing
Beth_Parks
Branch of physical chemistry
his work on magnets, Gilbert became known as the "Father of Magnetism." He discovered various methods for producing and strengthening magnets. In 1663,
Electrochemistry
Type of particle accelerator
focusing, quadrupole magnets are used to actively redirect particles moving away from the reference path. As quadrupole magnets are focusing in one transverse
Linear_particle_accelerator
Material with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
on intrinsically non-photo-responsive mononuclear lanthanide single-molecule-magnets (SMM). Single crystals used in semiconductors, optics, and ceramics
Single_crystal
Chemical element with atomic number 62 (Sm)
use of samarium is in samarium–cobalt magnets, which have permanent magnetization second only to neodymium magnets; however, samarium compounds can withstand
Samarium
Vacuum tube used to display images
resolution limit. Monochrome CRTs may use ring magnets to adjust the centering of the electron beam and magnets around the deflection yoke to adjust the geometry
Cathode_ray_tube
Chemical compound
Gao, Song (2010). "A Mononuclear Dysprosium Complex Featuring Single-Molecule-Magnet Behavior". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (41): 7448–7451
Erbium_acetylacetonate
Any chemical compound having at least one fluorine atom
repelled by magnets) with the magnetic susceptibility of −1.2×10−4 (SI), which is close to theoretical predictions. In contrast, the diatomic molecules of the
Fluorine_compounds
New Zealand inorganic chemist
Brooker, Sally (2014). "Review of purely 4f and mixed-metal nd-4f single-molecule magnets containing only one lanthanide ion". Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Sally_Brooker
Technique to study materials that have unpaired electrons
appropriate for W-band and higher frequency operation superconducting magnets are employed. The magnetic field is homogeneous across the sample volume
Electron paramagnetic resonance
Electron_paramagnetic_resonance
Substance introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact
dewaxing processes. Group II base oil has superior anti-oxidation properties since virtually all hydrocarbon molecules are saturated. It has water-white
Lubricant
Dichroism with circularly polarized light
activity. It is exhibited in the absorption bands of optically active chiral molecules. CD spectroscopy has a wide range of applications in many different fields
Circular_dichroism
Change in temperature due to a magnetic field
above 2 T are difficult to produce with permanent magnets and are produced by a superconducting magnet (1 T is about 20000 times the Earth's magnetic field)
Magnetocaloric_effect
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
magnets, whose north poles face each other. In the middle between those magnets, the field is zero and the axial field lines coming from the magnets end
Maxwell's_equations
Class of polymers
properties. Polyamide-imides are used extensively as wire coatings in making magnet wire. They are prepared from isocyanates and TMA (trimellic acid-anhydride)
Polyamide-imide
Fundamental interaction between charged particles
of nature. It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules. Electromagnetism describes and relates the three distinct but closely
Electromagnetism
Superconductive behavior at temperatures much higher than absolute zero
previous materials. This is important when constructing superconducting magnets, a primary application of high-Tc materials. The majority of high-temperature
High-temperature superconductivity
High-temperature_superconductivity
Flight captain of the Imperial Japanese Army (1922–1945)
is merely a machine. He just steers the apparatus. He is only a molecule within a magnet that sticks fast to an enemy aircraft carrier, possessing neither
Ryōji_Uehara
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