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Biological concept
evolutionary origins of biological modularity has been debated since the 1990s. In the mid 1990s, Günter Wagner argued that modularity could have arisen and been
Modularity_(biology)
Degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined
and culture: In biology, modularity recognizes that organisms or metabolic pathways are composed of modules. In ecology, modularity is considered a key
Modularity
Psychology concept
for the modularity of "lower level" cognitive processes in Modularity of Mind he also argued that higher-level cognitive processes are not modular since
Modularity_of_mind
Living things grouping together, usually for common benefit
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another. This association
Colony_(biology)
Interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
Synthetic biology (SynBio) is a multidisciplinary scientific field that applies the principles of engineering to develop new biological parts, devices
Synthetic_biology
Method of representing systems
added to the particular node's community that favors a higher modularity. Once no modularity increase can occur by joining nodes to a community, a new weighted
Biological_network
British mathematician who proved Fermat's Last Theorem
limited form of the modularity theorem (unproven at the time and then known as the "Taniyama–Shimura–Weil conjecture"). The modularity theorem involved elliptic
Andrew_Wiles
Branch of psychology
detoxify poisons, and the kidneys evolved to filter turbid fluids, there is modularity of mind, in that different psychological mechanisms evolved to solve distinct
Evolutionary_psychology
Computational and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems
Systems biology is the computational and mathematical analysis and modeling of complex biological systems. It is a biology-based interdisciplinary field
Systems_biology
Book series published by MIT Press
Impact of Sex, Symbiosis, and Modularity on the Gradualist Framework of Evolution. Richard A. Watson, 2006. Modularity. Understanding the Development
Vienna Series in Theoretical Biology
Vienna_Series_in_Theoretical_Biology
Physical structure of a living creature
genitals of the groin, which differ between males and females. The branch of biology dealing with the study of the bodies and their specific structural features
Body_(biology)
Scientific study of ocean life
Marine biology is the scientific study of the biology of marine life, organisms that inhabit the sea. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera
Marine_biology
Board game
Trias is a board game authored by Ralf Lehmkuhl. It is distributed by Rio Grande Games, Tilsit Editions and Gecko Games. The game is set in the Triassic
Trias_(game)
System of communication
includes the ligand binding location (an allosteric binding site). This modularity has enabled a 'divide and conquer' approach to finding the structure of
Cell_signaling
2007 board game
Zooloretto is a board game designed by Michael Schacht, published in 2007 by Abacus Spiele and in English by Rio Grande Games. The premise of the game
Zooloretto
Union of opposite-sex gametes in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
ISBN 978-3-540-27791-0. Friedman, William E; Williams, Joseph H (2003). "Modularity of the Angiosperm Female Gametophyte and Its Bearing on the Early Evolution
Fertilisation
Austrian evolutionary biologist (born 1954)
articles. Books The Character Concept in Evolutionary Biology, Academic Press. 2000 Modularity in Development and Evolution, University of Chicago Press
Günter_P._Wagner
Limbless, scaly, elongate reptile
and Re-emergence of Legs in Snakes by Modular Evolution of Sonic hedgehog and HOXD Enhancers". Current Biology. 26 (21): 2966–2973. Bibcode:2016CBio.
Snake
increases. Another feature that is common in pollination networks is modularity. Modularity occurs when certain groups of species within a network are much
Pollination_network
Board game
Evo: The Last Gasp of the Dinosaurs is a German-style board game for three to five players, designed by Philippe Keyaerts and published by Eurogames. The
Evo_(board_game)
Expert meetings held in Austria
Organized by Brian Hall, Roy Pearson, and Gerd B. Müller. July 2001 Modularity - Understanding the Development and Evolution of Complex Natural Systems
Altenberg Workshops in Theoretical Biology
Altenberg_Workshops_in_Theoretical_Biology
biological systems is a significant task of systems biology and mathematical biology. Computational systems biology aims to develop and use efficient algorithms
Modelling_biological_systems
Segmented body with a serial repetition of organs
In biology, metamerism is the phenomenon of having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure, though not all such structures
Metamerism_(biology)
Scientific hypothesis about Earth
Emerging From Interaction". In Wegner, L.; Lüttge, U. (eds.). Emergence and Modularity in Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. pp. 255–279. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06128-9_12
Gaia_hypothesis
Evolution of developmental processes in humans
developmental biology or informally human evo-devo is the human-specific subset of evolutionary developmental biology. Evolutionary developmental biology is the
Human evolutionary developmental biology
Human_evolutionary_developmental_biology
Comparison of organism developmental processes
Evolutionary developmental biology, informally known as evo-devo, is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary_developmental_biology
Subfield of biology
evolutionary developmental biology (eco-evo-devo) is a field of biology combining ecology, developmental biology and evolutionary biology to examine their relationship
Ecological evolutionary developmental biology
Ecological_evolutionary_developmental_biology
One of the first uses of the term "module" or "modularity" occurs in the influential book "Modularity of Mind" by philosopher Jerry Fodor. A detailed
Visual_modularity
American linguist
15-3 Yamada, Jeni Ellen (1990), Laura: A Case for the Modularity of Language, Issues in the Biology of Language and Cognition, Boston, MA: A Bradford Book
Susan_Curtiss
Organism that consists of only one cell
Asexual reproduction Colonial organism Individuality in biology Largest organisms Modularity in biology Multicellular organism Sexual reproduction Superorganism
Unicellular_organism
Developmental biology concept
669–678. doi:10.1242/dev.112.3.669. PMID 1682124. Bolker, JA (2000). "Modularity in Development and Why It Matters to Evo-Devo". American Zoologist. 40
Morphogenetic_field
Topics referred to by the same term
distributed computing Symbolic Music Representation in MPEG-4 Part 3 Small modular reactor, a type of nuclear reactor Specialized Mobile Radio Square matricial
SMR
Algebraic object
the ring of modular forms associated to a subgroup Γ of the special linear group SL(2, Z) is the graded ring generated by the modular forms of Γ. The
Ring_of_modular_forms
Homology type
(2025). "Macroevolutionary integration underlies limb modularity in the origin of avian flight". Biology Letters. 21 20240685. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2024.0685.
Serial_homology
Topics referred to by the same term
coefficient involved in partial fraction decomposition A remainder in modular arithmetic Residue (TV series), an English science-fiction series from
Residue
Structure in nervous systems
computation models (artificial neural networks) that have been inspired by the biology of the brain and nervous system (biological neural network) has served
Neural_network_(biology)
Evolution of characters at various rates both within and between species
Mosaic evolution (or modular evolution) is the concept, mainly from palaeontology, that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems
Mosaic_evolution
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
Cat". Biology of Reproduction. 51 (3): 452–464. doi:10.1095/biolreprod51.3.452. PMID 7803616. Tsutsui, T.; Stabenfeldt, G. H. (1993). "Biology of Ovarian
Cat
for Molecular Biology (ISMB) keynote speakers. ISMB is an academic conference on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology organised by
List of Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology keynote speakers
List_of_Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology_keynote_speakers
arise as novel packages of modular core components, which requires modest genetic change in regulatory elements. The modularity and adaptability of developmental
Facilitated_variation
Process by which living organisms produce minerals
2014). Special German Research Project About the Principles of Biomineralization Portals: Astronomy Biology Evolutionary biology Geology Paleontology
Biomineralization
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
Fisher and the Foundations of Statistical Biology". Outsider Scientists: Routes to Innovation in Biology. Rosenberg, Noah A. (2018). "Variance-Partitioning
Genetic_variation
Multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment
and energetic costs of redundancy, error correction and maintenance; modularity and hierarchy support robustness and "evolvability". Critical phenomena
Living_systems
2006 book by C. M. Kösemen
Publishing. ISBN 978-0755601271. Luzong, Allia (2021-08-25). "Sci-Fi and Biology Meet in All Tomorrows: A Terrifying Vision of the Future of Humanity".
All_Tomorrows
Algebraic variety that is a moduli space for principally polarized abelian varieties
In mathematics, a Siegel modular variety or Siegel moduli space is an algebraic variety that parametrizes certain types of abelian varieties of a fixed
Siegel_modular_variety
Branch of algebraic geometry
Taniyama–Shimura conjecture (now known as the modularity theorem) relating elliptic curves to modular forms. This connection would ultimately lead to
Arithmetic_geometry
Biological database
European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg. Schultz J, Milpetz F, Bork P, Ponting CP (May 1998). "SMART, a simple modular architecture research
Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool
Simple_Modular_Architecture_Research_Tool
Matter which can change its physical properties in a programmable fashion
range examples include MEMS-based units, cells created using synthetic biology, and the utility fog concept. An important sub-group of programmable matter
Programmable_matter
Country in northwestern Europe
evolution by natural selection was fundamental to the development of modern biology, and James Clerk Maxwell, who formulated classical electromagnetic theory;
United_Kingdom
PMID 12874056. Zhao J, Yu H, Luo JH, Cao ZW, Li YX (2006). "Hierarchical modularity of nested bow-ties in metabolic networks". BMC Bioinformatics. 7: 386
Bow_tie_(biology)
simulated growth of plants is a significant task in of systems biology and mathematical biology, which seeks to reproduce plant morphology with computer software
Simulated_growth_of_plants
XML file format for biological models
The Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) is a representation format, based on XML, for communicating and storing computational models of biological
SBML
66.761. PMID 15297745. T. Johnson, Arthur (2011). "Principles of Biology". Biology for Engineers. CRC Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-1-4200-7763-6. Yamato,
Evolution_of_cetaceans
Systems biology relies heavily on building mathematical models to help understand and make predictions of biological processes. Specialized software to
List of systems biology modeling software
List_of_systems_biology_modeling_software
Capacity of a system for adaptive evolution
controlling traits not under selection. Individual genes also exhibit modularity. A mutation in one cis-regulatory element of a gene's promoter region
Evolvability
Field of study
C., & Huffman, K. J. (2002). Brain and cognitive evolution: Forms of modularity and functions of mind. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 667–698. Geary, D
Evolutionary educational psychology
Evolutionary_educational_psychology
Topics referred to by the same term
radio standard for professional mobile radio and amateur radio users Dual modular redundancy, redundancy back-up system IMAX Digital Media Remastering, a
DMR
of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of over eighty published scientific papers. Kim specializes in computational biology, genomics
Junhyong_Kim
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
metaphorically in the arts and literature. They have also been used in evolutionary biology to explain the life cycles of cicadas. Fermat primes are primes of the
Prime_number
American psychologist
sexual behavior of animals and people. He received his bachelor's degree in biology from Harpur College, Binghamton University, and a Ph.D. in zoology from
David_P._Barash
Interpretation of sensory information
Evolutionary psychologists claim that perception demonstrates the principle of modularity, with specialized mechanisms handling particular perception tasks. For
Perception
Theory about how the brain sculpts itself and becomes specialized over time
direct rebuttal against psychologists who argue for an innate modularity of the brain. Modularity of the brain would require a pre-specified pattern of synaptic
Neuroconstructivism
Shuffling of genetic material
gene is a hotspot for modular intertypic homologous and non-homologous recombination in Coronavirus genomes". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 39 msab292
Genetic_recombination
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
metabolic network in the evolutionary context: multiscale structure and modularity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
Metabolism
homeostasis and later concepts such as robustness, neutral networks, modularity, the G-matrix and distribution of fitness effects. Variational properties
Variational_properties
Mental process dealing with knowledge
cognition arises from the interaction between organism and environment. The modularity of mind is an approach that analyzes the cognitive system in terms of
Cognition
Theories on the development of personality
Display rules Facial expression Behavioral modernity Cognitive module/modularity of mind Adaptive unconscious/Unconscious cognition Automatic and controlled
Personality_development
Hypothetical agent surpassing human intelligence
require haste or long strings of actions. Another advantage of computers is modularity, that is, their size or computational capacity can be increased. A non-human
Superintelligence
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Evolutionary Mechanics of Domain Organization in Proteomes and the Rise of Modularity in the Protein World". Structure. 17 (1): 66–78. doi:10.1016/j.str.2008
Evolution
Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding and Fucking
Robert (2011). Why Everyone (Else) Is a Hypocrite: Evolution and the Modular Mind. Princeton University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-1-4008-3599-7. Retrieved
Four_Fs_(evolution)
Chemical compound
in this case as mentioned above. TEMED is a common reagent in molecular biology laboratories, as a polymerizing agent for polyacrylamide gels in the protein
Tetramethylethylenediamine
American biochemist
function of modular signaling domains and scaffold proteins, but became increasingly interested in the general question of how modularity plays a role
Wendell_Lim
Controversy in psychology
controversy concerns the particular modularity of mind theory used in evolutionary psychology (massive modularity). Critics argue in favor of other theories
Criticism of evolutionary psychology
Criticism_of_evolutionary_psychology
Topics referred to by the same term
Airport (FAA lid code CMA), California, USA CMA CGM Compact Modular Architecture platform, a modular car platform developed by Geely Congestion management agency
CMA
American nuclear waste disposal expert
January 21, 2023. Retrieved January 21, 2023. "Samuel Brinton • iBiology". iBiology. Archived from the original on January 21, 2023. Retrieved January
Sam_Brinton
Topics referred to by the same term
The Mimic (Roblox experience), a Roblox video game MIMIC (immunology) (modular immune in vitro construct), a tool used by immunologists involved in vaccine
Mimic_(disambiguation)
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
enable protein isolation or detection Replikins Ribosome Translation (biology) Hamley, I. W. (September 2020). introduction to Peptide Science. Wiley
Peptide
2000 book by Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer
Complete (subscription required) Machalek, R. S. (2004). "Evolutionary Biology and Human Nature: The Archaeology of Epigenetic Rules". Reviews in Anthropology
A_Natural_History_of_Rape
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
(January 2022). "Prion Protein Biology Through the Lens of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 434 (1) 167368. doi:10.1016/j
Prion
Ancient sculptures in Sardinia (Italy)
diversity in Sardinians: A genetic window onto an island's past". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (5). (supplementary material). doi:10.1093/molbev/msx082
Giants_of_Mont'e_Prama
Theory of cognitive development
as the modularity debate or modularity of mind) has been an ongoing debate for evolutionary psychologists. The modularity of mind or modularity debate
Domain-general_learning
Paleo-biologist and professor
the Mammalian Skull, studied the morphological integration, phenotypic modularity, and developmental trait correlations in 107 species of mammals. These
Anjali_Goswami
Molecular cloning method for DNA assembly
Gate Cloning". DNA Cloning and Assembly Methods. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1116. pp. 119–131. doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-764-8_9. ISBN 978-1-62703-763-1
Golden_Gate_Cloning
Gene editing system
PAM motif requirements allows for more flexibility in targeting, the modularity of the effector proteins could allow easier modifications and the reduced
TIGR-Tas
Biological process that causes an organism to develop its shape
develop its shape. It is one of three fundamental aspects of developmental biology, along with the control of tissue growth and the patterning of cellular
Morphogenesis
2017 book by Robert Wright
human suffering. He argues that the modern psychological idea of the modularity of mind resonates with the Buddhist teaching of no-self (anatman). Why
Why_Buddhism_Is_True
American biologist
evolution of evolvability and modularity in the genotype–phenotype map as areas of investigation in evolutionary biology, for moving theoretical concepts
Lee_Altenberg
Topics referred to by the same term
Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Project Ara, a modular phone initiative by Google Hape people, a Native American group also called
Ara
surveillance uncovers a pandemic clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus". PLOS Biology. 21 (4) e3002052. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002052. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 10089362
2023_in_science
Number
September 2021. Nieder, Andreas (19 November 2019). A Brain for Numbers: The Biology of the Number Instinct. MIT Press. p. 286. Reimer 2014, p. 172. "Cyclical
0
Type of knowledge base
notable applications in fields such as genomics, proteomics, and systems biology. In December 1968, the Human Resources Research Organization (HumRRO) delivered
Knowledge_graph
unsupervised problems and it is aimed at finding a reasonable compromise among modularity, maintainability, reproducibility, usability and efficiency. mlpy is multiplatform
Mlpy
Order of colonial hydrozoans with differentiated zooids
Blaxter, J. H. S.; Southward, A. J. (eds.), Siphonophore Biology, Advances in Marine Biology, vol. 24, Academic Press, pp. 97–262, doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60074-7
Siphonophore
College campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
Science". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved March 21, 2020. "Koch Biology Building". "Koch Biology Building". MIT List Visual Arts Center. April 18, 2014. "Cogeneration:
Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Campus_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology
Molecule produced by a living organism
Biomolecules and their reactions are studied in biology and its subfields of biochemistry and molecular biology. Most biomolecules are organic compounds, and
Biomolecule
British educational qualifications
variety of reforms was made to GCSE qualifications, including increasing modularity and a change to the administration of non-examination assessment. From
GCSE
Branch of biology that studies living organisms
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, studies and deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms. It is the study
Neontology
Quantitative study of size and shape
developmental stability, canalization and modularity. Many other applications of shape analysis in ecology and evolutionary biology can be found in the introductory
Morphometrics
Belgian-American cell biologist (1899–1983)
Rockefeller University he made his most groundbreaking achievements in cell biology. In 1930 he developed the technique of cell fractionation, by which he
Albert_Claude
Postural model that keeps track of limb position
integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach". Current Biology. 13 (13): R531–R539. Bibcode:2003CBio...13.R531M. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00449-4
Body_schema
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