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Search references for MINIMAL PAIR. Phrases containing MINIMAL PAIR
See searches and references containing MINIMAL PAIR!MINIMAL PAIR
Two words that differ in only one element of their pronunciation
see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or signed
Minimal_pair
Basic unit of phonology
to "near minimal pairs" to show that speakers of the language perceive two sounds as significantly different even if no exact minimal pair exists in
Phoneme
Relating two numbers and their greatest common divisor
not unique. The extended Euclidean algorithm can be used to compute a minimal pair of Bézout coefficients, meaning they satisfy | x | ≤ | b / d | {\displaystyle
Bézout's_identity
Sounds spelled with the digraph ⟨th⟩
/ð/ are distinct phonemes, not merely allophones, as demonstrated by minimal pairs such as thigh:thy, ether:either, teeth:teethe. They are distinguished
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨th⟩
Letter of the Latin alphabet
limited usefulness of minimal pairs to distinguish phonemes. /h/ and /ŋ/ are separate phonemes in English, even though no minimal pair for them exists due
Heng_(letter)
Pronunciation of a vowel through the nose as well as the mouth
quality. The words beau /bo/ "beautiful" and bon /bɔ̃/ "good" are a minimal pair that contrasts primarily the vowel nasalization even though the /ɔ̃/
Nasal_vowel
Chimbu language spoken in Papua New Guinea
Dom is a Trans–New Guinea language of the Eastern Group of the Chimbu family, spoken in the Gumine and Sinasina Districts of Chimbu Province and in some
Dom_language
the branches of a hyperbola. The pairs on this hyperbola are minimal, because it is not possible for a different pair that belongs to S {\displaystyle
Dickson's_lemma
Phonology of the Esperanto language
many minimal pairs between the voiced and voiceless plosives, b d g and p t k; for example, pagi "pay" vs. paki "pack", baro "bar" vs. paro "pair", teko
Esperanto_phonology
Alemannic dialect spoken in Zurich, Switzerland
disappear. Vowels from these series can form minimal pairs with the close series, as exemplified by the minimal pair tüür /tʏːr/ 'dry' vs. tüür /tyːr/ 'expensive'
Zurich_German
Latin alphabet of the Hungarian language
length are treated the same when ordering words. Therefore, for example, the pairs O/Ó and Ö/Ő are not distinguished in ordering, but Ö follows O. In cases
Hungarian_alphabet
Delateralization feature of Spanish dialects
example, the following word pairs sound the same when pronounced by speakers of dialects with yeísmo, but they are minimal pairs in regions with the distinction:
Yeísmo
found in /æ/ raising in some varieties of American English. A common minimal pair for Standard Southern British speakers is band /bæːnd/ and banned /bænd/
Pronunciation_of_English_⟨a⟩
that environment. A contrastive distribution is demonstrated with a minimal pair. Contrastive distribution is distinct from complementary distribution
Contrastive_distribution
A dialect of Meitei language
language family. Khurkhul has 6 vowel phonemes. Khurkhul has multiple minimal pairs to make pure vowels. Khurkhul has six notable diphthongs. Khurkhul has
Khurkhul_(Meitei_dialect)
Distinguishing feature of a sound system by vowel or consonant length
spoken exactly the same except for length of one segment are considered a minimal pair. The term was coined by the British phonetician Daniel Jones to avoid
Chroneme
Sounds and pronunciation of Portuguese
sequence of /n/ followed by /i/ in a rising diphthong in Brazil, forming a minimal pair between sonha [ˈsoj̃ɐ] and Sônia [ˈsoniɐ ~ ˈsonʲɐ ~ ˈsoɲɐ]; menina, "girl"
Portuguese_phonology
Sound changes
/ʊ/. Because of the inconsistency of the split, put and putt became a minimal pair that were distinguished as /pʊt/ and /pʌt/. The first clear description
Phonological history of English close back vowels
Phonological_history_of_English_close_back_vowels
Movement in various forms of art and design
Minimalism is an art movement that emphasizes reducing art to its essentials, focusing on the object itself and the viewer's experience, with as little
Minimalism
Structured system of communication
of a pair of minimally different words, a so-called minimal pair. In English, for example, the words bat [bæt] and pat [pʰæt] form a minimal pair, in which
Language
Phonemes of American Sign Language
hand. Minimal pairs in ASL occur when only one phoneme (e.g. location in the signs MOTHER and FATHER) differs between two signs, just as minimal pairs in
American Sign Language phonology
American_Sign_Language_phonology
Unclassified language spoken in Venezuela
any minimal pairs to demonstrate that. He also maintains that [ɘ] and [ɑ] are only nasalized following nasal consonants. There is no minimal pair for
Hodï_language
Sound system of Spanish
consonant that can end a syllable, as illustrated by the following minimal or near-minimal pairs: after /l/ (italiano [itaˈljano] 'Italian' vs. y tal llano [italˈɟʝano]
Spanish_phonology
Sounds and pronunciation of the Swedish language
list of uncontroversial so-called minimal pairs can be seen below.[circular reference] The two words in each pair are distinguished solely by having
Swedish_phonology
Phonology of the English language
clothes'), which comprises two morphemes, are expected to constitute a minimal pair as hangar [ˈhæŋɡə] versus hanger [ˈhæŋə]; in actuality, their pronunciations
English_phonology
Accents typical of English in the US
eːɪ, oːʊ, ɛː, ʌː, ɔː, æː, ɑː, aːɪ, ɔːɪ, aːʊ] elsewhere. (Listen to the minimal pair of kit and kid [ˈkʰɪt, ˈkʰɪːd].) All unstressed vowels are also shorter
General_American_English
Sound system of the French language
w/ correspond to the close vowels /i, y, u/. While there are a few minimal pairs (such as loua /lu.a/ 'rented' (third person sg.) and loi /lwa/ 'law')
French_phonology
System of runes for Old Norse
was lost in writing. Thus, the language included distinct sounds and minimal pairs that were written the same. The Younger Futhark is divided into long-branch
Younger_Futhark
American and Canadian English phonological phenomenon
only a single differentiating sound is known as a minimal pair. Here are further examples of minimal pairs of the short a that use the Philadelphia and General
/æ/_raising
Tibeto-Burman language spoken in India
as a phoneme. Even among the few nasalized Tiwa words, we can spot minimal pairs like: rew rew – Accompanied by an unpleasant feeling rẽw rẽw – (Onomatopoeia)
Tiwa_language_(India)
Vowel split in English
a handful of minimal pairs, such as ant–aunt, caff–calf, cant–can't, have–halve, and staph-staff. There also are some near-minimal pairs, such as ample–sample
Trap–bath_split
Japanese-language speakers' perception of English consonants
tested they could distinguish between new /l/ and /r/ minimal pairs, but performed better when the pairs were said by one of the five speakers they had heard
Perception of English /r/ and /l/ by Japanese speakers
Perception_of_English_/r/_and_/l/_by_Japanese_speakers
Conditionals that discuss what would have been if things were otherwise
indicative and counterfactual conditionals is the following English minimal pair: Indicative conditional: If Sally owns a donkey, then she rides it. Simple
Counterfactual_conditional
Sounds and pronunciation of Egyptian Arabic
('parachute'). The labial emphatics /bˤ/ and /mˤ/ also in loanwords; minimal pairs include /bˤaːbˤa/ [ˈbɑːbɑ] ('patriarch') vs /baːba/ [ˈbæːbæ] ('Paopi')
Egyptian_Arabic_phonology
Language family
Latin when the Latin alphabet was developed, since it gives rise to the minimal pair quī /kʷiː/ ("who", nominative) > cuī /ku.iː/ ("to whom", dative). In
Latino-Faliscan_languages
Study of sound organization in languages
both sounds as variations (allophones, which cannot give origin to minimal pairs) of the same phonological category, that is of the phoneme /p/. (Traditionally
Phonology
Language that uses pitch changes for accent
vowel hiatus. For instance, the words bò "cow" and bodha "reef" are a minimal pair, but the former is pronounced with a level or rising tone, as [b̥oː˧
Pitch-accent_language
Language in Maluku
29): /’oraŋ/ [‘orãŋ] ‘man, human being’ /b’odo/ [b’odo] ‘stupid’ The minimal pair show the phoneme status of /o/ vis-à-vis /i/ (p. 30): /b’oŋko/ ‘bowed
Ambonese_Malay
Set of varieties of English language
(SSBE). A minimal pair can be seen through the comparison of the verb can /'kæn/ (strong form) and the noun can /'kæːn/. Further minimal pairs may be seen
Australian_English
Indo-Aryan language
16 initial-vowel letters, with each consonant taking 14 forms with vowel pairs), the orthographic features of the Devanagari script (for example, the same
Marathi_language
Information that is expressed more than once
man is a soldier versus those men are soldiers. In phonology, a minimal pair is a pair of words or phrases that differs by only one phoneme, the smallest
Redundancy_(linguistics)
Accent and dialect of English in the Liverpool City Region
(2007). The square–nurse merger in Scouse renders minimal pairs such as fair-fur, stare-stir and pair-purr homophonous as /feː/, /steː/ and /peː/. The
Scouse
mathematics, especially homotopy theory, a minimal fibration is used to approximate fibrations between presheaves. A minimal fibration has a defining property
Minimal_fibration
12th-century work on Old Norse phonology
history of linguistics, since it systematically used the technique of minimal pairs to establish the inventory of distinctive sounds or phonemes in the
First_Grammatical_Treatise
Sounds and pronunciation of the Russian language
letters ⟨и⟩ and ⟨ы⟩. Rare instances of word-initial [ɨ], including the minimal pair и́кать 'to produce the sound и' and ы́кать 'to produce the sound ы',
Russian_phonology
Phenomenon in linguistics
language minimal pairs along with the adult usages. Though the child may believe that the subtle differences in their use of the minimal pair can be perceived
Fis_phenomenon
Complementary distribution Contrastive distribution Free variation List of phonetics topics Minimal pair Phoneme What is an environment?[dead link] v t e
Phonetic_environment
Sound change in some English dialects
and pawned, etc., are examples of minimal pairs that are lost as a result of this sound change; i.e. each of these pairs of words is pronounced the same
Cot–caught_merger
Orthography of the Italian language
accent marks are used in certain instances (see below). There are some minimal pairs, called heteronyms, where the same spelling is used for distinct words
Italian_orthography
Sound system of French in Quebec
/ɛ/ and /ɛː/, /ø/ and /ə/, /ɛ̃/ and /œ̃/. The latter phoneme of each minimal pair has disappeared in Parisian French, and only the last distinction has
Quebec_French_phonology
Consonant followed by a strong burst of air
final position. Kurukh distinguishes /Ch, Cʰ, Cʰh/ with occasional minimal pairs like /dʱandha:/ "astonishment" and /dʱandʱa:/ "exertion". Clusters of
Aspirated_consonant
Central Algonquian language
[ɛ]. In (1) and (2), a near minimal pair has been found for Shawnee /i/ 'i' and /iː/ 'ii'. In (3) and (4), a minimal pair has been found for Shawnee /a/
Shawnee_language
North Bougainville language
Rotokas has nine; Aita adds phonemic nasals (e.g. this example of a minimal pair, /buta/ 'time' vs. /muta/ 'taste'). The Central dialect's limited inventory
Rotokas_language
Use of pre-translated texts as linguistic corpuses in computing
translations into another. The particular example shows an example of a minimal pair, meaning that the sentences vary by just one element. These sentences
Example-based machine translation
Example-based_machine_translation
Latin letter E with acute accent
(such as inglés and café) and for distinguishing /e/ ⟨e⟩ and /ɛ/ ⟨é⟩ in minimal pairs of words. É is the 10th letter of the Hungarian alphabet and represents
É
by gender, as in the minimal pair de val /də ˈval/ - d'r val /dər ˈvál/ Between the plural and singular, as in the minimal pair de peëd /də ˈpeət/ - 't
Kerkrade_dialect_phonology
Linguistic emphasis on syllables or words
that Spanish has lexically contrastive stress, as evidenced by the minimal pairs like topo ('mole') and topó ('[he/she/it] met'), while in French, stress
Stress_(linguistics)
Gallo-Romance language of Friuli, northeast Italy
sound changes, these sounds are all now phonemic; note, for example, the minimal pair cjoc "drunk" vs. çoc "log". Some notes on orthography (from the perspective
Friulian_language
Dialect of English spoken in London
exemplified by the minimal pair wholly /ˈɒwlɪj/ vs. holy /ˈəwlɪj/. The development of L-vocalisation (see next section) leads to further pairs such as sole-soul
Cockney
Standard pronunciation of the German language
The word Archen ('arks') is thus pronounced [ˈaːçn̩], which makes a minimal pair with Aachen [ˈaːxn̩], arguably making the difference between [ç] and
Standard_German_phonology
Modern writing system of 33 letters
the defining entry (in bold) in articles on Russian Wikipedia, or on minimal pairs distinguished only by stress (for instance, за́мок 'castle' vs. замо́к
Russian_alphabet
Linguistic elements never occurring in the same context
of two different words. Contrastive distribution Distributionalism Free variation Minimal pair Phoneme An Introduction to Language by Victoria Fromkin
Complementary_distribution
Phonology of the Dutch language
in loanwords like goal ('goal') but is analyzed as a phoneme because minimal pairs exist: goal /ɡoːl/ and kool /koːl/ ('cabbage'). Additionally, in native
Dutch_phonology
Dialect of Welsh English
THOUGHT–LOT sets are based more on length rather than vowel quality; creating minimal pairs such as shared–shed, heart–hat and short–shot. The SQUARE–DRESS vowels
Abercraf_English
South Semitic language of Socotra, Yemen
roots IIIw/y (e.g. /beˈnøwe/ "it was built"). It does appear to have minimal pairs with /e/ in some verbal patterns, compare /ˈkʼøbor/ "he buried" and
Soqotri_language
Minority language of Senegal
is uncertain. There are a few words that have them, but there are no minimal pairs. Word-final /ɾ/ can be pronounced as a voiceless uvular trill by some
Baïnounk_Gubëeher
Sound made by stopping airflow in the glottis
letter ⟨ʔ⟩ into their orthographies. In some of them, it occurs as a casing pair, ⟨Ɂ⟩ and ⟨ɂ⟩. The digit ⟨7⟩ or a question mark is sometimes substituted for
Glottal_stop
Type of speech sound
appearing in the syllable onset: [ˈpjaˑno]) and Spanish (with a near minimal pair being abyecto [aβˈjekto] 'abject' and abierto [aˈβi̯erto] 'opened').
Approximant
Modern South Arabian language of southwest Oman
is realized as [aː]. Vowel length is only marginally phonemic, and minimal pairs are very few. The vowels, with the exception of /ə/, have nasalized
Shehri_language
Two nucleobases bound by hydrogen bonds
double-helical structure; Watson-Crick base pairing's contribution to global structural stability is minimal, but its role in the specificity underlying
Base_pair
sometimes Russian) loanwords: хаҡ /χäq/ "price, value" This is a notable minimal pair with the phoneme /h/: һаҡ /häq/ means "safe" The most distinct feature
Bashkir_phonology
Phonetic changes in the French language
/œ/ and /ø/ occur in modern French, and there are a small number of minimal pairs, e.g. jeune /ʒœn(ə)/ "young" vs. jeûne /ʒøn(ə)/ [ʒøːn(ə)] "fast (abstain
Phonological history of French
Phonological_history_of_French
Japanese syllabary
are clearly distinct from the na, ni etc. syllables, and there are minimal pairs such as きんえん kin'en 'smoking forbidden', きねん kinen 'commemoration',
Hiragana
Ancient Tibetan language
contrast between གཡ ⟨g.y⟩ /ɡj/ and གྱ ⟨gy⟩ /ɡʲ/, demonstrated by the minimal pair གཡང་ g.yaṅ "sheep" and གྱང་ gyaṅ "also, and". The sounds written with
Old_Tibetan
Satirical anthropological look at American society
of these nine vocalic phonemes, for each is attested by a number of minimal pairs elicited independently from several informants. Curiously enough, however
Nacirema
Oceanic language of the Solomon Islands
h), and one approximant (w). The two fricatives are contrasted in the minimal pair ɾasu 'smoke' vs. ɾahu 'to be old'. The ꞌAreꞌare language has a five vowel
ꞋAreꞌare_language
Northern English dialect and demonym native to Tyneside
/aː/, which is mostly used in THOUGHT words spelled with ⟨a⟩, making minimal pairs such as tack /tak/ vs. talk /taːk/ (less broad Geordie pronunciation:
Geordie
as longer, stronger, younger noted above). In the case of longer, a minimal pair occurs for some speakers between /lɒŋɡə(r)/ (comparative form of the
Phonological history of English consonant clusters
Phonological_history_of_English_consonant_clusters
Extinct language of Western US
but approximants /r j w/ only occur as short consonants. Minimal pairs and near minimal pairs are shown below: /t͡ʃákàráx/ a gnat vs. /t͡sàkːírʔ/ a board
Shasta_language
them have different sounds (/ʌ/, /ɜː/ and /ə/, respectively), and some minimal pairs exist between unstressed /ɜː/ and /ə/, such as foreword /ˈfɔːwɜːd/ vs
English-language vowel changes before historical /r/
English-language_vowel_changes_before_historical_/r/
Words pronounced the same but differing in meaning or spelling
only by those sounds in an accent that maintains the distinction (a minimal pair) are homophonous in the accent with the merger. Some examples from English
Homophone
Sounds and pronunciation of the Sotho language
are still numerous minimal pairs differing only in the labialization of a single consonant (note that each of the following pairs has similar tonal patterns):
Sotho_phonology
State in Germany
the post-alveolar fricative as in frisch 'fresh', causing High German minimal pairs such as Kirche 'church' and Kirsche 'cherry' to be pronounced in the
Saarland
Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines
phoneme in contrast with /f/ by the following: There is at least one minimal pair: tapi 'count (imperative)', from root tap plus suffix -i tafi 'slash
Tawbuid_language
Extinct Native American language formerly spoken in Oregon
as two allophones of one phoneme. /u/ and /ʊ/ have no exact minimal pair but do have minimal environments. In general, words are consistently pronounced
Miluk_language
Dialects of Swedish spoken in Finland
simple fricative [ɕ]. The tonal word accent, which distinguishes some minimal pairs in most dialects of Swedish and Norwegian, is not present in Finland
Finland_Swedish
Plains Algonquian language of North America
'Found in the Grass' (a mythological character). There is only one minimal pair to illustrate the contrast in distribution: núhuʼ, 'this' versus níhiʼ-
Arapaho_language
Word or phrase associated with Belgian French
distinction between long and short vowels is also upheld, which can create minimal pairs in the presence of a mute ending consonant. For instance, "bot" (as
Belgicism_(French)
Romance language
consonants. ⟨z⟩ symbolizes /dz/ or /ts/ depending on context, with few minimal pairs. For example: zanzara /dzanˈdzara/ 'mosquito' and nazione /natˈtsjone/
Italian_language
System for writing in Spanish
speakers may also exhibit other near-minimal pairs such as abyecto ('abject') and abierto ('opened'), or even minimal pairs across word boundaries such as ya
Spanish_orthography
Articulation of a consonant for a longer period of time
meaning, though it may confuse the listener momentarily. The following minimal pairs represent examples where the doubling does affect the meaning in most
Gemination
Latin letter O with two dots
In certain languages, the letter ö cannot be written as "oe" because minimal pairs exist between ö and oe (and also with oo, öö and öe), as in Finnish
Ö
Mayan language of Mexico
stress in the Spanish style. Kaufman provides the following list of minimal pairs from "dialects other than that of Aguacatenango," though recall that
Tzeltal_language
Japanese language feature
of the last five morae. The following chart gives some examples of minimal pairs of Japanese words whose only differentiating feature is pitch accent
Japanese_pitch_accent
Austronesian language spoken in the Solomon Islands
+ p/, /d + t/ and /g + k/ respectively, as well as voiced and unvoiced pairs for all plosives. /ba/ and /pa/ /made/ and /mate/ ('four' and 'die/dead')
Ughele_language
Sound systems of the Bulgarian language
unstressed back and central vowels are perceptually neutralised in minimal pairs, with only 62% identifying unstressed /u/, 59% unstressed /a/ and /ɔ/
Bulgarian_phonology
Phonology of the Malayalam language
but also natively like in guru, kuru, puẓu and native pērŭ, there are minimal pairs as well: appŭ "water", appu a given name, naṭŭ "plant! (imperative)"
Malayalam_phonology
Complex sentence that could be expressed in a simpler way
as proposed by Andrea Moro in Moro (1997) and many others. A telling minimal pair is the Italian equivalent of what I don't like is strange canonical copular
Cleft_sentence
Spelling conventions of the Finnish language
'shoes'. The geminated /ŋː/ is not an allophone of geminated /nː/, since minimal pairs do exist: kangas /ˈkɑŋ.ŋɑs/ 'textile' vs. kannas /ˈkɑn.nɑs/ 'isthmus'
Finnish_orthography
Modifier mark added to a letter
pronunciation. Ё is always used in children's books and in dictionaries. A minimal pair is все (vs'e, "everybody" pl.) and всё (vs'o, "everything" n. sg.). In
Diacritic
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
To reach your destination
Girl/Female
Muslim
To reach your destination
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Knowledge
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Great Speech
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Mineral
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Sweet
Girl/Female
Native American
Fruit.
Girl/Female
Indian
Pray of Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
To Reach Your Destination
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
A String of Pearls
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Animal
Girl/Female
Muslim
Precious gem, Stone
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil
Fish Eyes; Lighting
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beautiful Flowers
Girl/Female
Hindu
Precious gem, Stone
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Nigerian
Calmness
Girl/Female
English, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Small Daughter
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Rich; Maladar
Girl/Female
Hindu
Full of jewel
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR
MINIMAL PAIR