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Process by which a society organizes itself for military conflict and violence
which is an ideology that reflects the level of militarization of a state. The process of militarization involves many interrelated aspects that encompass
Militarization
Law enforcement using combat methods
The militarization of police (sometimes referred to as the paramilitarization of police in some media) is the use of military equipment and tactics by
Militarization_of_police
This list of countries by Global Militarization Index is based on the 2022 Global Militarization Index of the Bonn International Center for Conversion
List of countries by Global Militarization Index
List_of_countries_by_Global_Militarization_Index
Peace organisation in the US
Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth (NNOMY) is a network of peace organizations that stand up against the militarization of schools and young
National Network Opposing the Militarization of Youth
National_Network_Opposing_the_Militarization_of_Youth
Use of the Internet for state security
Internet militarization is the use of the Internet and its platforms by states in order to ensure state security domestically as well as protect itself
Militarization of the internet
Militarization_of_the_internet
National reliance on a strong military
military as the "supreme repository of power". It also facilitates the militarization of non-military sectors by emphasizing the unity of the military and
Militarism
2013 book by Radley Balko
Rise of the Warrior Cop: The Militarization of America's Police Forces is a 2013 book written by investigative journalist Radley Balko that focuses on
Rise_of_the_Warrior_Cop
American anti-war movement
Port Militarization Resistance (PMR) is an anti-war movement in the United States. The movement began in May 2006, in Olympia, Washington, but also has
Port Militarization Resistance
Port_Militarization_Resistance
Measure of states' peacefulness
The Global Militarization Index (GMI) is an annual report produced by the Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies (BICC) which measures the relative
Global_Militarisation_Index
Sub-war conflict between sovereign states
Militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) are conflicts between states that do not involve a full-scale war. These include any conflicts in which one or
Militarized interstate dispute
Militarized_interstate_dispute
Antimilitarist Japanese novel (1930) by Kuroshima Denji
Militarized Streets (武装せる市街, Busō seru shigai) is a 1930 novel by Japanese Marxist writer Kuroshima Denji (1898–1943). Researched in China, the novel
Militarized_Streets
Labor concept in the Soviet Union
liberal circles in Russia to claim that Trotsky’s proposals on the “militarization of labour” had provided the groundwork for more repressive and authoritarian
Labor_army
Country in West Asia
2023. Hossein Askari; Amin Mohseni; Shahrzad Daneshvar (2010). The Militarization of the Persian Gulf: An Economic Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Iran
Organization similar to, but not part of, a military
Forces with Military Status List of Serbian paramilitary formations Militarization of police Police tactical unit Fourth-generation warfare Violent non-state
Paramilitary
Ideological indoctrination (1963 to 2024)
Militarization of the education in Ba'athist Syria is a process of ideological indoctrination in the schools of Ba'athist Syria, aimed at developing a
Militarization of the education in Ba'athist Syria
Militarization_of_the_education_in_Ba'athist_Syria
Ongoing conflict since 2014
Ukraine's parliament declared Crimea temporarily occupied by Russia. Russia militarized the peninsula and made nuclear threats. In his Crimean speech, Putin
Russo-Ukrainian_war
War between Mexico's government and various drug trafficking syndicates
corruption-free soldiers who could fight Mexico's endemic bribery system. The militarization of Mexican society has drawn criticism for human rights abuses, such
Mexican_drug_war
Country in East Asia
lives. The war also set in motion a number of changes that led to the militarization and intensification of the Cold War. Lewy, Guenter (1980). America in
North_Korea
Area in which agreements between military powers forbid military activities
Korea following the Korean War. It is currently one of the most heavily militarized areas in the world despite the name. Kuwait–Iraq barrier: The United
Demilitarized_zone
Use of outer space for military aims
blackmail or nuclear terrorism by a rogue state. This overlapped with militarization of space in the form of ballistic missile defense. Missile defense does
Militarisation_of_space
American presidential transport helicopter
Marine Corps' Marine One U.S. presidential transport fleet. It is a militarized variant of the Sikorsky S-92 and is larger than the former Marine One
Sikorsky_VH-92_Patriot
Cuban economic and political campaign
the Cuban economy. Economic mobilization also coincided with greater militarization of Cuban political structures and society in general. By 1970 production
Revolutionary_Offensive
Concept in political science
empire. The imperial boomerang has been invoked to explain the ongoing militarization of police and their domestic deployment in response to political protest
Imperial_boomerang
US military surveillance aircraft
Manufacturer Pilatus Aircraft (base aircraft), Sierra Nevada Corporation (militarization) Issued by United States Special Operations Command Service Air Force
Pilatus_U-28_Draco
US federal law enforcement agency
widespread criticism and been described by critics as an increasingly militarized police force, secret police, and paramilitary. A federal law enforcement
United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement
United_States_Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement
up the role of educators was not a new occurrence in Cuba, but the militarization of the role came about in conjunction with the Cuban Literacy Campaign
Cuban_literacy_campaign
including children and aid workers. The SAF denied RSF accusations of militarizing the camp, while rights groups documented widespread abuses by RSF fighters
Sudanese civil war (2023–present)
Sudanese_civil_war_(2023–present)
Military urbanism is the militarization of urban areas. This can include changes to built environments in military conflict areas or modifications of cityscapes
Military_urbanism
6th century BC Spartan philosopher, ephor and writer
Χείλων; fl. 6th century BC) was a Spartan politician credited with the militarization of Spartan society, and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Chilon was
Chilon_of_Sparta
1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR
signed international space treaties in the 1960s which would limit the militarization of space. The first research of anti-satellite weapon technology also
Cold_War
highest military expenditure per capita List of countries by Global Militarization Index List of countries in Europe by military expenditures List of countries
List of countries with highest military expenditures
List_of_countries_with_highest_military_expenditures
Soviet politician and revolutionary (1879–1940)
be integrated directly into the state apparatus, advocating for a "militarization of labour" to rebuild the Soviet economy. He believed that in a workers'
Leon_Trotsky
American video surveillance company
alert. The drones have been criticized for mass surveillance risks and militarization, as well as for collecting a more expansive set of data than traditional
Flock_Safety
1986 film by James Cameron
[Cameron's] Aliens would be a defiantly Reaganite version of the story—pumped, militarized, libertarian driven by a staunch defense of the nuclear family." Abbott
Aliens_(film)
Dictator of Chile from 1973 to 1990
Pinochet and Me. Verso. ISBN 1-85984-360-3. DiGiovanni, Lisa (2025). Militarized Masculinity in Spain and Chile: Remembering Violence Through Film and
Augusto_Pinochet
American attorney and gender-critical feminist
"Report warns SWAT units are over-militarized, hyperaggressive". June 25, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2024. "Police Militarization Is Out of Control, and There's
Kara_Dansky
Police training facility in Georgia, US
2025). "Atlantans Continue to Protest Cop City and Vow to Fight Police Militarization". Atlanta Daily World. Retrieved May 13, 2025. Thigpen, Madeline; Mahoney
Cop_City
Book by Charles Tilly
applying his model to contemporary state-building. Tilly argues that the militarization of politics in many developing countries should not be understood as
Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992
Coercion,_Capital,_and_European_States,_AD_990–1992
Japanese nation state from 1868 to 1947
shogun, Japan underwent a period of large-scale industrialization and militarization, often regarded as the fastest modernization of any country to date
Empire_of_Japan
Country in Central America
remained unresolved. Open suppression of political dissent and more militarized policing began in April 2018, but the onset of repression was gradual
Nicaragua
Country in Central Europe (1949–1990)
capitalism, the overhaul of industrial and agricultural sectors, the militarization of society, and the political orientation of both the educational system
East_Germany
One of the four census regions of the US
ISBN 978-0-2532-1736-3 Frederickson, Kari. (2013). Cold War Dixie: Militarization and Modernization in the American South. Athens, GA: University of Georgia
Southern_United_States
Country in West Africa
Ghana Police Service has eleven specialised police units, including a Militarized police Rapid deployment force and Marine Police Unit. The Ghana Police
Ghana
Country in northern Europe
according to Edwin Reischauer, "To be neutral you must be ready to be highly militarized, like Switzerland or Sweden." – see Chapin, Emerson (2 September 1990)
Sweden
Protest movement in the Philippines
corruption in government infrastructure projects. Protesters criticized the militarization of school campuses, low wages for teachers, and the government leaving
2025–2026 Philippine anti-corruption protests
2025–2026_Philippine_anti-corruption_protests
Empire of Japan political doctrine
Nanshin-ron (Japanese: 南進論; "Southern Expansion Doctrine" or "Southern Road") was a political doctrine in the Empire of Japan that stated that Southeast
Nanshin-ron
Utility helicopter
is a development and upgrade of the Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma in its militarized form. Its civilian counterpart is the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma (later
Eurocopter_AS532_Cougar
President of Peru since 2026
Plan Burt, Jo-Marie (September–October 1998). "Unsettled accounts: militarization and memory in postwar Peru". NACLA Report on the Americas. 32 (2). Taylor
Keiko_Fujimori
Capital and most populous city of Argentina
British attack and repelled a second invasion by Britain in 1807. The militarization generated in society changed the balance of power favorably for the
Buenos_Aires
Japanese comics or graphic novels
2013. Retrieved 4 March 2008. Griffiths, Owen (22 September 2007). "Militarizing Japan: Patriotism, Profit, and Children's Print Media, 1894–1925". Japan
Manga
English comedian, actor, and podcaster (born 1975)
(audio) Russell Brand on Revolution, Fighting Inequality, Addiction, Militarized Policing & Noam Chomsky. Democracy Now! 14 November 2014 (video) Russell
Russell_Brand
Mexican anti-drug trafficking operation in Jalisco
considered the cartel with the most paramilitary firepower. CJNG is heavily militarized and more violent than other criminal organizations. It has a special
2026_Jalisco_operation
Kurdish area of Iran
1979 revolution. The region has long been marked by discrimination, militarization, and political repression, with Kurdish activists and people suspected
Iranian_Kurdistan
Human rights issues from 1963 to 2024
non-Ba'athist political literature and symbols. During Ba'athist rule, the militarization of Syrian society intensified. The number of personnel in the Syrian
Human rights in Ba'athist Syria
Human_rights_in_Ba'athist_Syria
Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire from 209 to 174 BCE
Meng Tian in 215 BCE. While Modu rode and then furthered the wave of militarization and effectively centralized Xiongnu power, the Qin quickly fell into
Modu_Chanyu
U.S. state
the settlers. Prior treaties with the Spanish forbade either side from militarizing its native population in any potential conflict between the two nations
Texas
Leader of China from 1949 to 1976
ISBN 9781736850084. Meyskens, Covell F. (2020). Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
Mao_Zedong
God of war in ancient Greek religion
endows places, objects, and other deities with a savage, dangerous, or militarized quality. Although Ares's name shows his origins as Mycenaean, his reputation
Ares
2025 Israel–Hamas ceasefire agreement
force, while affirming its desire for a "modern, democratic, and non-militarized Palestinian state, committed to pluralism and the peaceful transfer of
Gaza_peace_plan
Police trained to confront crowds or riots
order or discourage criminality, or to protect people or property. The militarization of modern police has brought militaristic riot gear and new technologies
Riot_police
Country in the Caribbean
sectors of the economy. Economic mobilization coincided with greater militarization of political structures and society in general. The harvest goal was
Cuba
Military organization in Iran
has reemerged. Danielle Pletka and Ali Alfoneh see the irreversible militarization of Iran's government. Abbas Milani, director of Iranian Studies at Stanford
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps
1958 painting by Norman Rockwell
parodies of the painting, including ones used to draw attention to the militarization of police. The Runaway is an oil on canvas painting by American artist
The_Runaway_(painting)
President of Mexico since 2024
drugs such as fentanyl and its derivatives. She also continued the militarization of the National Guard, endorsing its continued integration into the
Claudia_Sheinbaum
2024 mass shooting and explosion in Krasnogorsk, Russia
doubtful and primitive" disinformation, noting that the border is heavily militarized on both sides, guarded by soldiers and drones, mined in many areas, and
Crocus_City_Hall_attack
German state from 1525 to 1947
nobility, from which the Junkers would evolve to take a major role in the militarization of Prussia and, later, Germany. On 10 April 1525, after signing of the
Prussia
Municipality in Spain
"Valentia Edetanorum [es]". As an autonomous city in late antiquity, its militarization followed the onset of the threat posed by the Byzantine presence to
Valencia
American university chancellor (born 1968)
members addressed a joint letter to administrators criticizing the "militarized and unsafe climate" on campus. Roberts has led initiatives to expand
Lee_H._Roberts
One of the treaties that ended World War I
positions in order to obscure their real duties, and warned of the militarization of the German police force by the exploitation of the Krümper system
Treaty_of_Versailles
American tactical law enforcement unit
Whereas some have attributed this expansion to "mission creep" and the militarization of police, other scholars argue that increased SWAT policing is a response
SWAT
1954–1955 fantasy novel by J. R. R. Tolkien
experience of fighting in the trenches of the First World War. Moreover, the militarization and industrialization inspired the character of Sauron and his forces
The_Lord_of_the_Rings
State in northern Somalia
Markus Virgil (2015). Between Somaliland and Puntland: marginalization, militarization and conflicting political visions. London: Rift Valley Institute.
North_East_State_of_Somalia
1930s speech and book by Smedley D. Butler
inequality Global policeman Labor camp Mercenary Merchants of death Militarization Military–industrial complex Perpetual war Privatization Veterans for
War_Is_a_Racket
Description Lives lost Use Image 1945 Germany Wilhelm Gustloff – The German militarized KdF flagship sank after being hit by three torpedoes fired by the Soviet
List of maritime disasters in World War II
List_of_maritime_disasters_in_World_War_II
free flow of energy", while adding Xi had expressed opposition to the militarization of the Strait of Hormuz and efforts to charge a toll for its use and
2026 state visit by Donald Trump to China
2026_state_visit_by_Donald_Trump_to_China
Series of protests in California, U.S.
Arijeta (June 12, 2025). "Trump's Immigration P.R. Campaign Enters a New Militarized Phase". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 12, 2025
June 2025 Los Angeles protests against mass deportation
June_2025_Los_Angeles_protests_against_mass_deportation
Territorial conflict in South Asia
Kashmir in Conflict 2003, p. 168. Kazi, Seema. Kashmir, Gender and Militarization in. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February
Kashmir_conflict
Spiritual and martial Sikh
Sikh Guru, Guru Hargobind. Guru Hargobind is credited with the initial militarization of the Sikhs, and the term represents an ideological shift brought on
Sant_Sipahi
Country in Central and South Asia
The Soviet–Afghan War had drastic social effects on Afghanistan. The militarization of society led to heavily armed police, private bodyguards, openly armed
Afghanistan
Early Germanic people
Heruli... Germani such as the Vandals or Goths..." Heather 2007, p. 503. "Militarized freedmen among the Germani appear in sixth- and seventh-century Visigothic
Goths
Medical worker killed by police (1993–2020)
Wandering officer Police perjury Qualified immunity Police brutality Militarization Pain compliance Use of deadly force Use of torture Police misconduct
Breonna_Taylor
LGBTQ celebration event
ISSN 2631-8318. Irvine, Janice M.; Irvine, Jill A. (2017). "The Queer Work of Militarized Prides". Contexts. 16 (4): 32–37. doi:10.1177/1536504217742389. ISSN 1536-5042
Pride_parade
United Nations General Assembly resolution adopted in 2014
Sevastopol, Ukraine." Res. 73/194, 17 December 2018, "Problem of the militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262
United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_68/262
Cabinet secretary of Indonesia (born 1989)
His appointment has been viewed by some as part of a broader trend of militarization in Indonesian politics. Opponents claim that the presence of military
Teddy_Indra_Wijaya
United Nations resolution adopted in 2025
Analysis of Resolution 2803 and the International Stabilization Force: A Militarized Enforcement Mission with Precarious Legal and Strategic Implications"
United Nations Security Council Resolution 2803
United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2803
1954–1962 war of Algerian independence from France
the same methods employed by the FLN against the French such as "the militarization of politics, the use of Islam as a rallying cry, the exaltation of jihad"
Algerian_War
1987 film by John McTiernan
with few surprises". Dean Lamanna wrote in Cinefantastique that "the militarized monster movie tires under its own derivative weight". Michael Wilmington
Predator_(film)
Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1990–1999)
caused by increased oil production. Political stability and decreased militarization due to the winding down of the Cold War led to economic development
1990s
Concept of permanent human habitation outside of Earth
International space law has had the goal to prevent colonial claims and militarization of space, and has advocated the installation of international regimes
Space_colonization
1936–1938 campaign in the Soviet Union
ISBN 978-981-323-557-1. Stone, David R. (2000). Hammer and Rifle: The Militarization of the Soviet Union, 1926–1933. University Press of Kansas. p. 72.
Great_Purge
President of Peru from 1990 to 2000
37–38. Burt, Jo-Marie (September–October 1998). "Unsettled accounts: militarization and memory in postwar Peru". NACLA Report on the Americas. 32 (2). Taylor
Alberto_Fujimori
American dystopian television series
war. Society is organized by power-hungry leaders along with a new, militarized, hierarchical theonomy and newly created social classes, in which women
The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)
The_Handmaid's_Tale_(TV_series)
Island and administrative region of France
(predominantly those of Genoa, Venice, and Spain), making it one of the most militarized societies in Europe. In 1729, the Corsican Revolution for independence
Corsica
Country in South America
the largest standing armies in the Americas, making it one of the most militarized of the Spanish possessions, as well as a drain on the treasury of the
Chile
American lawyer (born 1969)
Wandering officer Police perjury Qualified immunity Police brutality Militarization Pain compliance Use of deadly force Use of torture Police misconduct
Benjamin_Crump
Spanish political party since 2013
Arms) and organized crime facilitating illegal immigration; and the militarization of problematic borders. The party emphasizes its support for legal immigration
Vox_(political_party)
2024 US homicide in custody
Wandering officer Police perjury Qualified immunity Police brutality Militarization Pain compliance Use of deadly force Use of torture Police misconduct
Murder_of_Robert_Brooks
Cleveland, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia to protest border militarization and the Gaza war. Protesters outside the Trump International Hotel and
Protests against the second Trump administration
Protests_against_the_second_Trump_administration
1949 public protest in Iceland due to Parliament decision to join NATO
involving Iceland directly in the Cold War, opposing the Soviet Union and re-militarizing the country. Several hundred protesters first convened behind a school
1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland
1949_anti-NATO_riot_in_Iceland
government militarization. Government agencies and agents took control over poppy production which was influenced by state militarization and regulation
Illegal drug trade in Latin America
Illegal_drug_trade_in_Latin_America
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