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Geological rift in the center of the North American continent
The Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) or Keweenawan Rift is a 2,000 km (1,200 mi) long geological rift in the center of the North American continent and
Midcontinent_Rift_System
Midcontinent Rift System began to extend along a 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) path, across both the Canadian Shield and the Stable Platform. The rift failed
Geology_of_North_America
Geological linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart
Yukon and Alaska The West Antarctic Rift System in Antarctica The Midcontinent Rift System, a late Precambrian rift in central North America The Midland
Rift
Type of iron-colored agate
oldest agates, having formed within the basaltic lava flows of the Midcontinent Rift System roughly 1.1 billion years ago. In 1969, the Lake Superior agate
Lake_Superior_agate
Volcanic activity in Eastern Canada
began to split apart to form the Midcontinent Rift System, also called the Keweenawan Rift. Lava flows created by the rift in the Lake Superior area were
Volcanism_of_Eastern_Canada
Lake in Ontario, Canada
Nipigon diabase sills give evidence of rift-related continental basaltic magmatism during the Midcontinent Rift System event, estimated at 1,109 Ma ago. Thick
Lake_Nipigon
features are situated in the Southern Province, including the Midcontinent Rift System and the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Geology of Ontario Geology of
Southern Province (Canadian Shield)
Southern_Province_(Canadian_Shield)
Intrusive and volcanic rocks in the mid-continent region of the United States
older than tholeiitic basalts and rhyolites of Middle Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System. Age of 1370 ±20 Ma for samples from Spavinaw Creek outcrop in:
Spavinaw_terrane
is a supergroup of volcanic and sedimentary rocks that fill the Midcontinent Rift System in the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. It is
Keweenawan_Supergroup
Molecular hydrogen naturally occurring on Earth
and incorporated into continental crust. Aulacogens such as the Midcontinent Rift System of North America are also viable sources of rocks which may undergo
Natural_hydrogen
volcanic in origin, having been deposited by volcanism of the Midcontinent Rift System. Volcanism of Canada Volcanism of Eastern Canada Hart, Thomas R;
Mamainse_Point_Formation
Group of lakes in North America
of the triple junction (centered beneath Lake Superior) in the Midcontinent Rift System event, estimated at 1.1 billion years ago. Thunder Bay (Ontario)
Great_Lakes
Raised fault block bounded by normal faults
to folded regions such as some mountain chains of Eurasia. The Midcontinent Rift System in North America is marked by a series of horsts extending from
Horst_(geology)
Geological fault in Kansas, US
Humboldt Fault zone. It is also associated with the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System, which extends into northern Kansas about fifty miles west of the
Nemaha_Ridge
Minor geological fault in Michigan
of the Midcontinent Rift System onto sedimentary rocks of the Jacobsville Sandstone. The fault is part of the inversion of the Midcontinent Rift where
Keweenaw_Fault
Inactive continental rift zone in Northwestern Ontario, Canada
continental rift zone in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, centered on Lake Nipigon. It represents an aulacogen of the much larger Midcontinent Rift System, which
Nipigon_Embayment
Rock formation in Minnesota
are intrusive rocks formed about 1.1 billion years ago during the Midcontinent Rift; these adjoin and are interspersed with the extrusive rocks of the
Duluth_Complex
Last period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
Fairchild, Luke M.; Rose, Ian R. (May 2019). "Failed rifting and fast drifting: Midcontinent Rift development, Laurentia's rapid motion and the driver
Stenian
Ordovician meteor event. Buried deeply within Iowa's bedrock, the Midcontinent Rift System can be seen clearly in magnetic anomaly maps of Iowa. This is a
Geography_of_Iowa
waters. Over 1,100 mya, a rift formed and lava emerged from cracks along the edges of the rift valley. This Midcontinent Rift System extended from the lower
Geology_of_Minnesota
Mountain in Ontario, Canada
during a period of magmatic activity associated with the large Midcontinent Rift System about 1,100 million years ago. Since 1933, there is a road allowing
Mount_McKay
Igneous rock
igneous complex of Montana, the Duluth Complex of the North American Midcontinent Rift, and the Tertiary Rhum layered intrusion of the island of Rùm, Scotland
Troctolite
Diatreme complex in Ontario, Canada
Marathon. It is thought to have formed by the Midcontinent Rift System, a 2,000 km (1,243 mi) long rift in the centre of the North American continent
Deadhorse Creek diatreme complex
Deadhorse_Creek_diatreme_complex
Depressed block of planetary crust bordered by parallel normal faults
Valley (Arizona), U.S. Eastern North America Rift Basins, Canada and the U.S. Midcontinent Rift System, Canada and the U.S. Salton Trough, Mexico and
Graben
Canadian island in Lake Superior
is made up of ancient lava bedrock related to volcanism of the Midcontinent Rift System and is heavily forested, with over 20 inland lakes. It has a rugged
Michipicoten_Island
and deepest rifts and valleys in various worlds of the Solar System. List of Solar System extremes List of largest craters in the Solar System List of tallest
List of largest rifts, canyons and valleys in the Solar System
List_of_largest_rifts,_canyons_and_valleys_in_the_Solar_System
Failed arm of a triple junction, an inactive rift zone
Hibernia Oil Field is located.[citation needed] The Stenian period Midcontinent Rift System that is still visible at the surface in the area of Lake Superior
Aulacogen
Geologic basin centered on the Lower Peninsula of Michigan
ancient rift in the Earth's crust. This rift appears to be contiguous with the rift zone under Lake Superior. This, the Midcontinent Rift System, turns
Michigan_Basin
Tonawanda Lake Warren Lake Wayne Lake Whittlesey Last Glacial Maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Scotch Bonnet Ridge Wisconsin glaciation Organizations
List of islands of the Great Lakes
List_of_islands_of_the_Great_Lakes
2008 agreement between US states
Tonawanda Lake Warren Lake Wayne Lake Whittlesey Last Glacial Maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Scotch Bonnet Ridge Wisconsin glaciation Organizations
Great_Lakes_Compact
Northernmost part of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States
volcanic pile. The Keweenaw Peninsula and Isle Royale, formed by the Midcontinent Rift System, are the only sites in the United States with evidence of prehistoric
Keweenaw_Peninsula
Volcanic activity in Canada
began to split apart to form the Midcontinent Rift System, also called the Keweenawan Rift. Lava flows created by the rift in the Lake Superior area were
Volcanism_of_Canada
Landform in Thunder Bay district, Ontario
of 25 km (16 mi). The Coldwell Complex has its origins in the Midcontinent Rift System about 1,100 million years ago. It is an exposed magma chamber that
Coldwell_Complex
Scenic drive
The Great Lakes Circle Tour is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. It consists of routes for
Great_Lakes_Circle_Tour
Rock formation in Minnesota, United States
spread apart on the Midcontinent Rift System extending from what is now eastern Lake Superior through Duluth to Kansas; this rifting process stopped before
Palisade_Head
Linear lowland created by a tectonic rift or fault
lies in the ancient and dormant Midcontinent Rift. The largest subglacial lake, Lake Vostok, may also lie in an ancient rift valley. Lake Nipissing and Lake
Rift_valley
Craton forming the geological core of North America
Province. Around 1.1 Gya, the center of the craton nearly rifted apart along the Midcontinent Rift System. This produced the Keweenawan Supergroup, whose flood
Laurentia
System of channels and canals in the Great Lakes
The Great Lakes Waterway (GLW) is a system of natural channels and artificial locks and canals that enable navigation between the North American Great
Great_Lakes_Waterway
Island in Canada
Geophysical investigations and crustal structure of the North American Midcontinent Rift system. Tectonophysics, 213(1-2), pp. 17-32. U.S. Lake Survey (1910).
Caribou Island (near Michipicoten Island)
Caribou_Island_(near_Michipicoten_Island)
Geologic province
south of the Great Lakes tectonic zone in Minnesota, south of the Midcontinent Rift System in Wisconsin and in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Crystalline
Great_Lakes_tectonic_zone
Former lake in Ontario & Quebec
which inhabit the area. Tyrrell Sea Glacial lake outburst flood Midcontinent Rift System List of prehistoric lakes Michalek, Michael J. (April 23, 2013)
Lake_Ojibway
Huge regional accumulation of igneous rocks
Deccan Traps (India) Coppermine River Group (Canadian Shield) Midcontinent Rift System, Great Lakes Region, North America Paraná and Etendeka traps (Paraná
Large_igneous_province
Geologic feature in Washington and Oregon, United States
including the Midcontinent Rift System, the Reelfoot Rift (in the New Madrid Seismic Zone), and others. These fault zones and rifts occur on tectonic
Olympic–Wallowa_lineament
Change of minerals in pre-existing rocks without melting into liquid magma
formed by burial metamorphism include some of the rocks of the Midcontinent Rift System of North America, such as the Sioux Quartzite, and in the Hamersley
Metamorphism
portion of the craton. The craton started to rift about 1.1 Ga, and the fissure (now the Midcontinent Rift System) ran between Kansas and Lake Superior before
Geography_of_North_America
Sedimentary rock formation
proto-North American continent nearly split in half along the Midcontinent Rift, which is a bow-shaped rift extending from northeast Kansas, arcing through the
Rove_Formation
879 cu mi). The Phanerozoic eon begins 539 million years ago. Midcontinent Rift System of North America begins forming 1,000 million years ago. Mackenzie
Timeline of volcanism on Earth
Timeline_of_volcanism_on_Earth
Geological fault in Kansas and Nebraska, US
it was felt as far away as Dubuque, Iowa. Extensional tectonics Midcontinent Rift System Nemaha Ridge from the Kansas Geological Survey (at the University
Humboldt_Fault
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to plate tectonics
descriptions of redirect targets Melut Basin – Rift basin in South Sudan Midcontinent Rift System – Geological rift in the center of the North American continent
Outline_of_plate_tectonics
State park in Minnesota, United States
alternating layers of basalt and rhyolite, which erupted from the Midcontinent Rift System 1.1 billion years ago when the middle of the North American Plate
Judge_C._R._Magney_State_Park
Earthquake in Riley County, Kansas, USA
50 miles (80 km) east of the Midcontinent rift, which forms a layer of basaltic rock about 1.1 billion years old. This rift extends northward to Lake Superior
1867 Manhattan, Kansas, earthquake
1867_Manhattan,_Kansas,_earthquake
Rift valley extending from near Montréal through Ottawa in Canada
the river and lakes are mainly used for recreation. Midcontinent Rift System – Geological rift in the center of the North American continent Ottawa Valley –
Ottawa-Bonnechere_Graben
Former lake in North America
Sea Lake Agassiz Lake Chicago Lake Maumee Last glacial maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Nipissing Great Lakes List of prehistoric lakes
Lake_Algonquin
Large sill-like body of igneous rock
sedimentary country rocks of mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Midcontinent Rift System". Mineralium Deposita. 57 (7): 1189–1210. Bibcode:2022MinDe..57
Layered_intrusion
Iron ore region in Michigan and Wisconsin
subjected to extensive volcanism associated with the creation of the Midcontinent Rift System, an event that nearly tore the North American plate in half before
Gogebic_Range
Geologic formation in Michigan and Wisconsin
estimated age of approximately 1.1 billion years. It was deposited in the Midcontinent Rift. The Nonesuch beds contain common organic carbon and pyrite. The Nonesuch
Nonesuch_Shale
United States historic place
sedimentary strata that fill a segment of the Midcontinent Rift System. During the formation of the Midcontinent Rift System, these strata accumulated about 1.1
Interstate_Park
Lake Superior archipelago in northern Wisconsin
governed access to territory and resources. Historians have described this system as a negotiated "middle ground," in which trade relied on mutual accommodation
Apostle_Islands
Geographic region in the United States and Canada
to Grand Portage. The North Shore lies on the north side of the Midcontinent Rift System which ran 1,300 miles (2,000 km) northwest from southern Michigan
North_Shore_(Lake_Superior)
Iron ore deposit in Minnesota, United States and Ontario, Canada
Gunflint Chert) are noted for containing Precambrian microfossils. Midcontinent Rift System Paulson Mine Cuyuna Range Vermilion Range (Minnesota) Gogebic Range
Gunflint_Range
Former lake in North America
Lake Algonquin Lake Agassiz Lake Chicago Last Glacial Maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Nipissing Great Lakes List of prehistoric lakes
Lake_Maumee
also forms parts of the bedrock of Michigan and Minnesota. The Midcontinent Rift System formed 1.1 billion years ago when the Craton split open and formed
Geology_of_Ontario
miles to the west the southernmost extension of the Proterozoic Midcontinent Rift System extends into northeastern Kansas. The northern two-thirds of Kansas
Geology_of_Kansas
North American geologic group
gabbro of the Duluth Complex, intruded during the formation of the Midcontinent Rift, separates the Mesabi and Gunflint iron ranges; it is shown by the
Animikie_Group
Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments
D.G.; Bally, A.W. (2012). "From rifts to passive margins". Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins: 18–31. doi:10
Sedimentary_basin
First Nation reserve in Ontario, Canada
during a period of magmatic activity associated with the large Midcontinent Rift system about 1,100 million years ago. McKay was originally known as the
Fort_William_First_Nation
State park in Minnesota, United States
Plate began to crack in the middle, and lava flowed out of this Midcontinent Rift System creating the distinctive basalt of Lake Superior's North Shore
Grand_Portage_State_Park
State park of Minnesota, United States
appearance that distinguishes them today. 1.1 billion years ago the Midcontinent Rift System cracked the Thomson Formation, creating southwest-to-northeast
Jay_Cooke_State_Park
Large igneous province in Canada
contributing to rifting. A slightly younger but possibly related geologic feature is the 2,000 km (1,200 mi) long Midcontinent Rift System adjacent to the
Mackenzie Large Igneous Province
Mackenzie_Large_Igneous_Province
boundaries of Missouri, the Midcontinent Rift System formed from 1.2 to one billion years ago as mafic lava erupted in a rift zone spanning Lake Superior
Geology_of_Missouri
does not cross between both sides of the St. Lawrence/Great Lakes river system, but it is a major thoroughfare crossing the western tip of Lake Ontario
List of crossings of the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes
List_of_crossings_of_the_St._Lawrence_River_and_the_Great_Lakes
Largest of the Great Lakes of North America
creating one of the deepest rifts in the world. The lake lies in this long-extinct Mesoproterozoic rift valley, the Midcontinent Rift. Magma was injected between
Lake_Superior
River in Northwestern Ontario, Canada
contains sills with columnar jointing which are related to the Midcontinent Rift System. The Black Sturgeon River Provincial Park protects most of the
Black Sturgeon River (Thunder Bay District)
Black_Sturgeon_River_(Thunder_Bay_District)
State park in Minnesota, United States
the shore of Lake Superior is made of basalt erupted from the Midcontinent Rift System when the middle of the North American Plate began to crack 1.1
Split Rock Lighthouse State Park
Split_Rock_Lighthouse_State_Park
Former lake in North America
Algonquin Lake Agassiz Lake Chicago Lake Maumee Last glacial maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Nipissing Great Lakes List of prehistoric lakes
Early_Lake_Erie
Precambrian geologic formation in Texas
Valley. A second possibility is that the rift basins were an extension of the Midcontinent Rift, a rift system that formed in the Great Lakes region 1100
Tumbledown_Formation
Continental flood basalts and oceanic plateaus
volcanism was largely confined to regions of rifting (Mohr, 1983a; Mohr & Zanettin, 1988).[full citation needed] The rift that opened along the Red Sea and Gulf
List of flood basalt provinces
List_of_flood_basalt_provinces
American geologist
M. Foerstner, produced a YouTube video briefly explaining how the Midcontinent Rift controls the geology of the Lake Superior region. Stein was a visiting
Seth_Stein
Tonawanda Lake Warren Lake Wayne Lake Whittlesey Last Glacial Maximum Midcontinent Rift System Niagara Escarpment Scotch Bonnet Ridge Wisconsin glaciation Organizations
List of municipalities on the Great Lakes
List_of_municipalities_on_the_Great_Lakes
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
S2CID 206514545. Heckel, P.H. (2008). "Pennsylvanian cyclothems in Midcontinent North America as far-field effects of waxing and waning of Gondwana ice
Carboniferous
Mountain range in the American state of Minnesota
formations of the Canadian Shield. This complex was formed during the Midcontinent Rift event. The rock type of the Misquah Hills ranges from granite to quartz
Misquah_Hills
Mining project in the United States
reclaimed to their natural state. The Eagle deposit was formed during the Midcontinent Rift tectonic event approximately 1.1 billion years ago. The bottom of
Eagle_Mine_(Michigan)
Lake Superior, Isle Royale is the second largest island in the Great Lakes system, after only Manitoulin Island in Lake Huron. At 206.7 square miles (535 km2)
List of islands in Isle Royale National Park
List_of_islands_in_Isle_Royale_National_Park
Mountain range in eastern North America
and gravel to the basin, much as rivers today carry sediment from the midcontinent region to the Gulf of Mexico. The sediment spread out in layers on the
Appalachian_Mountains
North American craton. The bedrock was created during the Midcontinent Rift, a failed rift which occurred some 1.1 billion years ago. As the continent
North_Shore_Highlands
basin resides in a billion-year-old trough which was caused by the Midcontinent Rift. Preglacially the depression had been filled with eroded shales. The
Glacial_history_of_Minnesota
Creationist term for a fossil that extends through more than one geological stratum
Pennsylvanian eustatic marine transgressive-regressive depositional cycles along midcontinent outcrop belt, North America. Geology, 14(4), pp.330-334. Veervers, J
Polystrate_fossil
Extinction event at the end of the Moscovian in the Carboniferous
Branch Formation and revision of upper Desmoinesian stratigraphy along midcontinent Pennsylvanian outcrop belt". Geological Survey Geology Series. 4. DiMichele
Carboniferous rainforest collapse
Carboniferous_rainforest_collapse
City in Minnesota, United States
Stimulus Reconstruction Program. Duluth's geology demonstrates the Midcontinent Rift, formed as the North American continent began to split apart about
Duluth,_Minnesota
USA, with notes on two older taxa from the state and the timing of Midcontinent–Gulf Coastal Plain biotic disparity". Journal of Paleontology: 1–52.
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Model of volcanic activities on Earth
(2018). "Insights from North America's failed Midcontinent Rift into the evolution of continental rifts and passive continental margins". Tectonophysics
Plate_theory_(volcanism)
Orthocerid Cephalopods from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, Midcontinent North America". Paleontological Research. 22 (1): 20–36. Bibcode:2018PalRe
List_of_lagerstätten
Volcanism away from plate margins
(2018). "Insights from North America's failed Midcontinent Rift into the evolution of continental rifts and passive continental margins". Tectonophysics
Intraplate_volcanism
Geological fault in Oklahoma, United States
Johnson, Kenneth Sutherland, ed. (1995). Structural Styles in the Southern Midcontinent (PDF). Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma. OCLC 890220018. Jones-Cecil
Meers_Fault
that a "remarkable" increase in the rate of M ≥ 3 earthquakes in the US midcontinent "is currently in progress", having started in 2001 and culminating in
Environmental impact of fracking
Environmental_impact_of_fracking
Following the Mississippian Spread: Climate Change and Migration in the Midcontinent. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. Haag, William G. (1974). Crops
History_of_Kentucky
Large crustal block in North America
uplifting of the crustal block. For example, during 1.85 Ga, the American Midcontinent and the Superior Craton collided. The collision between the two cratons
Superior_Craton
scammaphoris (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician rocks of the American midcontinent with implications for cyclocystoid functional morphology". Journal of
2023_in_paleontology
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