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Area of zoology and botany
Meristics is an area of zoology and botany which relates to counting quantitative features of animals and plants, such as the number of fins or scales
Meristics
Species of fish
juveniles of certain piscivorous species of Cheilodipterus. Using a shorthand meristics formula, O. compressus can be described as having: D, VI-I,9 A II,9 P
Ostorhinchus_compressus
Scientific study of fish
Jarvik Erik Stensiö Sakana-kun Ichthyology terms Ichthyology and GIS Meristics ἰχθύς. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; An Intermediate Greek–English
Ichthyology
Species of fish
able to see, could benefit its nocturnal foraging. Using a shorthand meristics formula, O. aureus can be described as having: D, VII-I,9 A, II,8 P, 14
Ring-tailed_cardinalfish
Species of fish
The rock beauty (Holacanthus tricolor), also known as corn sugar, coshubba, rock beasty, catalineta or yellow nanny, is a species of marine ray-finned
Rock_beauty
Species of fish
his original sample, he never noted a red tail spot. Using a shorthand meristics formula, O. cyanosoma can be described as having: D, VII + I,9 A II,8
Ostorhinchus_cyanosoma
Species of fish
The sixbar angelfish (Pomacanthus sexstriatus), also known as the six-banded angelfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the angelfish family
Sixbar_angelfish
Species of fish
The gilded triggerfish or blue-throated triggerfish (Xanthichthys auromarginatus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the triggerfish family Balistidae
Gilded_triggerfish
Species of fish
madagascariensis, which is common in the aquarium trade. In addition to meristics, the two species can be separated by the exact colour pattern on their
Zona
Genus of fishes
yellowish-golden above and pale below — but can be separated by morphometrics and meristics. Until 1999, the Auriglobus species were included in Chonerhinos. There
Auriglobus
Genus of fishes
recognized. No differences have been found in mtDNA, morphometrics or meristics between the two supposed species and most authorities now only recognize
Sailfish
Species of fish
The blacktip grouper (Epinephelus fasciatus), also known as the redbanded grouper, blacktipped cod, black-tipped rockcod, footballer cod, red-barred cod
Blacktip_grouper
Species of fish
Placidochromis boops is a species of deep-water African cichlid endemic to the southern portion of Lake Malawi. This species can reach a length of up to
Placidochromis_boops
Synecdochic figure of speech
(Bateson 1894). Such features are called meristic characters, and the study of such characters is called meristics. An example is in flowers in considering
Merism
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Fish
Species of fish
vaterifloris. A comprehensive taxonomic review in 2018 based on morphometry, meristics and mtDNA disputed the validity of R. rohani, showing that it is a junior
Rasboroides_pallidus
Study of the inheritance of continuously variable traits
Quantitative genetics is the study of quantitative traits, which are phenotypes that vary continuously—such as height or mass—as opposed to phenotypes
Quantitative_genetics
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Lophius_piscatorius
Family of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Snailfish
Family of marine fish that can make powerful, self-propelled leaps out of water
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Flying_fish
Gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Swim_bladder
List of common names used to refer to fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
List_of_fish_by_common_name
Colored varieties of Amur carp
the scientific name C. carpio haematopterus. However, they differ in meristics from the common carp of Europe and Western Asia, leading recent authorities
Koi
Species of fish
Sea) differs in morphometrics, meristics and genetics, and is sometimes recognized as T. japonicus. Morphometric and meristic differences have also been shown
Largehead_hairtail
Species of fish
pelvic fins, but (in addition to distribution) these can be separated by meristics and colour pattern. A genetic study published in 2017 revealed that C
Ceylon_snakehead
Blocks of skeletal muscle tissue in aquatic chordates
myosepta. Myomere counts are sometimes used for identifying specimens using meristics, since their number corresponds to the number of vertebrae in the adults
Myomere
Species of fish
silver arowana (O. bicirrhosum), but the two species can be separated by meristics. Some Asian aquarists occasionally refer to arowana as dragonfish due
Black_arowana
Egg masses of fish and seafood
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Roe
Suborder of fishes
as the escal morphology, though some osteological characteristics and meristics (traits that can be counted) are shared between the sexes. Male anglerfish
Ceratioidei
Species of fish
distinct groups that differ in geographic range, genetics, morphology and meristics: North Atlantic opah (L. guttatus) of the northeast Atlantic including
Lampris_guttatus
Species of fish
that the two are distinct in the number of lateral-line scales and other meristics, and resurrected T. trachinus for the Indo-Pacific population. This species
Trachinocephalus_trachinus
Genus of fishes
are similar in general shape, but they do differ in morphometrics and meristics. They vary in general color and pattern, but are well-camouflaged and
Brachyhypopomus
Species of fish
kneri, which it closely resembles, differing only in some traits of meristics and osteology. Adult S. insignis lack the dark flank spots that can be
Semaprochilodus_insignis
Species of fish
Adults of the two species are very similar, but can be separated by meristics. Arowanas are sometimes called 'dragon fish' by aquarists because their
Silver_arowana
Fin on the dorsal of fish and cetaceans
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Dorsal_fin
Inner-ear structure in vertebrates which detects acceleration
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Otolith
Trout native to Mexico
example, the IUCN distinguishes the Sinaloa River population based on meristic and other phenotypic data as a separate species Oncorhynchus sp. nov. 'Sinaloa
Mexican_native_trout
Fauna found in deep-sea areas
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Deep-sea_fish
Species of fish
millimetres (1.46 in) standard length) has a simple nasal tentacle and different meristic counts. Fricke, Ron; Eschmeyer, William N. & van der Laan, Richard (eds
Enneapterygius_phoenicosoma
Genus of lizards
Schmidt noted the heterogeneity and imbrication of the scales, which makes meristics difficult on Geckolepis. Schmidt noted that the imbrication of the scales
Geckolepis
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Common_goby
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Inimicus_filamentosus
Subfamily of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Pipefish
Fish found in aquatic tropical environments
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Tropical_fish
Member of a group of interacting genes
inheritance, whose main properties may be summarized as follows: Most metric and meristic traits are controlled by a number of genetic loci. Main mode of nonallelic
Polygene
Species of fish
RECORDED FROM THE RIVERS AND ESTUARIES OF BANGLADESH: SOME MORPHOMETRIC AND MERISTIC STUDIES". "Synonyms of Scartelaos histophorus (Valenciennes, 1837)". fishbase
Scartelaos_histophorus
Class of lobe-finned fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Coelacanth
Fish species with the ability to travel over land for extended period of time
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Walking_fish
Order of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Clupeiformes
Species of cichlid fish
bluish overall when breeding. The two species can also be separated by meristics. Because many tilapia in aquaculture and introduced around the world are
Nile_tilapia
Species of fish
name suggests, the pygmy jawfish is a very small species and many of its meristic characters are reduced compared to other jawfishes. Williams, J.T. (2025)
Pygmy_jawfish
Species of fish
in that the anal fin and caudal fin are only confluent at the base, in meristics, and morphometrics. The dorsal surface of the head and body are uniformly
Encheloclarias_velatus
Species of fish
Morphology, Larval Pigmentation, Molecular Evidence, Morphometrics and Meristics Fishes, 2(3), 15; doi:10.3390/fishes2030015 Gadiculus thori Schmidt, 1913
Gadiculus_thori
Family of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Gobiidae
Animals that feed by straining food from water
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Filter_feeder
Species of fish
reliably separated from M. hongkongensis, M. opercularis and M. spechti by meristics and morphometrics. It differs from the first two in colouration, but the
Red-backed_paradise_fish
Movement of fishes from one part of a water body to another on a regular basis
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Fish_migration
Order of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Acipenseriformes
In biology, any group of fish that stay together for social reasons
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Shoaling_and_schooling
Family of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Syngnathidae
Division of cartilaginous fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Batomorphi
Species of fish
mitsuii Imai, 1941". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-08-27. "IIS Meristics". apps-afsc.fisheries.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-08-27. "Opostomias mitsuii
Opostomias_mitsuii
Fish that mostly live in freshwater
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Freshwater_fish
Species of fish
heterurus, as they closely resemble one another and have comparable features. Meristic traits such as the number of vertebrae is often used to distinguish between
Atlantic_flyingfish
Several species of demersal fish with fins
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Whitefish_(fisheries_term)
Young fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Juvenile_fish
Family of fishes
being unserrated. The genera within the Serranidae are separated by the meristics of the soft rays in the dorsal fin. All serranids are carnivorous, feeding
Serranidae
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
European_conger
Natural collagen casing found encompassing some aquatic lifeforms' fertilized eggs
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Egg_case_(Chondrichthyes)
Fish that can generate electric fields
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Electric_fish
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Garfish
Species of cartilaginous fish
is also characterized by orange ventral coloration and has some similar meristic counts to this species, but differs in disc shape, denticle coverage, and
Red_stingray
Genus of fishes
genus, but based on genetics, external characters, morphometrics and meristics H. formosa (the type species of the genus) is not closely related to the
Heterandria
Species of snake
of all other C. scutulatus is problematic. More recently, qualitative, meristic, and morphometric traits from 347 specimens of C. scutulatus were analyzed
Crotalus_scutulatus
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Greater_weever
Family of ray-finned fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Wrasse
Genetic trait
heritable; however, other quantitative traits have varying heritability. Meristic traits have phenotypes that are described by whole numbers. An example
Complex_traits
Class of lobe-finned fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Lungfish
Sensory organs in some fish that detect electrical fields
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Ampullae_of_Lorenzini
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Pelagic_fish
Species of centipede
Michail Simaiakis, Sinos Giokas & Zoltán Korsós (2011). "Morphometric and meristic diversity of the species Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (Chilopoda:
Scolopendra_cingulata
Species of fish
Morphology, Larval Pigmentation, Molecular Evidence, Morphometrics and Meristics Fishes, 2(3), 15; doi:10.3390/fishes2030015 Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot
Gadiculus_argenteus
Predatory cartilaginous fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Shark
Study of the form or morphology of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Fish_anatomy
Superorder of bony fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Acanthopterygii
Behavior of some weakly electric fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Jamming_avoidance_response
Hard skeletal covering of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Fish_scale
Clade of fishes
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Neoteleostei
Eggs and sperm released into water
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Spawning
Largest known fish species
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
List_of_largest_fish
Species of fish
carp and various Asian relatives in their pure forms can be separated by meristics and also differ in genetics, but they are able to interbreed. Common carp
Common_carp
Species of fish in the sturgeon family
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Beluga_(sturgeon)
Extinct genus of ray-finned fishes
generic name literally translates as "many meristic fish," in reference to how the fish has numerous meristics units, including how the dorsal fin, which
Polymerichthys
Species of fish
1981.tb01248.x. Peterson, M. S. & S. T. Ross (1987). "Morphometric and meristic characteristics of a peripheral population of Enneacanthus" (PDF). Southeastern
Bluespotted_sunfish
Species of fish
(3): 133–148. "Eidinemacheilus smithi (Greenwood, 1976) — diagnosis & meristics". Plazi TreatmentBank. Retrieved 16 October 2025. "Eidinemacheilus Hashemzadeh
Eidinemacheilus_smithi
Fish seminal fluid and sacs
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Milt
Bone in fish below the pectoral fin
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
Cleithrum
Species of fish
anal fin are located towards the tail. These fins are dark in colour. The meristic formula is D,12-15, A,10-12, P,11-13. The maximum length is 33 cm. Hemiramphus
Hemiramphus_far
Species of fish
Glossohyal Jaw hyomandibula pharyngeal jaw Leydig's organ Mauthner cell Meristics Operculum papillare Papilla Photophore Root effect Shark cartilage Scales
European_anchovy
Genus of fishes
general, the various species are similar and are not easily separated by meristics or colour. Plagioscion sometimes occur in schools. They are predators
Plagioscion
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