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Chinese currency (1937–1945)
The Mengjiang yuan is the monetary unit that was issued in 1937–1945 by several governments of Mengjiang (Mengkiang). In April 1934, the Chinese government
Mengjiang_yuan
Wang Jingwei regime autonomous zone
Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone of the Wang Jingwei regime in Inner Mongolia
Mengjiang
Currency of China
world's fifth-most-traded currency as of April 2025. The yuan (元) is the base unit of renminbi. Each yuan is divided into 10 jiao (角), and each jiao is further
Renminbi
Chinese currency
The yuan (/juːˈɑːn, -æn/ yoo-A(H)N; sign: ¥; Chinese: 圓/元; pinyin: yuán; [ɥæ̌n] ) is the base unit of currency of a number of historical and contemporary
Yuan_(currency)
Taiwan Yuan Yuan (元, 圆 or 圓) – China Chinese yuan (元, 圆 or 圓) – China Chinese renminbi yuan (人民币 or 人民幣) – China Manchukuo yuan (圓) – Manchukuo Mengjiang yuan
List_of_currencies
Former currency of Taiwan
Bank of Taiwan and issued Taiwan dollars (also known as Taiwan Nationalist yuan or TWN) as a "provisional" replacement for the Taiwan yen at the rate of
Old_Taiwan_dollar
East Asian silver coins
Spanish-Mexican coins came to be held, led to the minting of silver Chinese yuan, Japanese yen and later Korean won coins to the same specifications as the
Silver_Dragon_(coin)
Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368)
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan, was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division
Yuan_dynasty
Japanese puppet regime in Inner Mongolia (1937–39
September 1, 1939, the governments went a step further by establishing the Mengjiang government. The Mongol United Autonomous Government was established in
Mongol United Autonomous Government
Mongol_United_Autonomous_Government
Bank with three other smaller regional banks. The Bank of Mengjiang issued Mengjiang yuan from 1937 which was pegged to the Japanese military yen and
History_of_Chinese_currency
Currency of Manchukuo
The Manchukuo yuan was the official unit of currency of Manchukuo, from June 1932 to August 1945. The monetary unit was based on one basic pure silver
Manchukuo_yuan
Currency of Japanese Taiwan (1895–1946)
portal Numismatics portal Taiwan portal Meiji Tsuho Tael New Taiwan Dollar Yuan Old Taiwan dollar History of Taiwan History of the Republic of China Pick
Taiwanese_yen
Paper negotiable instrument in China
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Flying_cash
Coinage used in Xinjiang, China
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Xinjiang_coins
Ying Yuan (Chinese: 郢爰; pinyin: yǐng yuán) were stamped blocks of gold bullion. This was an early form of currency that could be considered a precursor
Ying_Yuan
Banknote in Jin China and Yuan China
the currency of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty and later by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China. The Jurchens swept control over northern China, conquering
Jiaochao
Digital currency issued by China's central bank
other forms of renminbi, also known as the Chinese yuan (CNY), such as bills and coins. The digital yuan is designed to move instantaneously in both domestic
Digital_renminbi
Former Chinese ingot currency
Kaiyuan tongbao coin". Explore Highlights. British Museum. The characters Kai yuan mean 'new beginning', while tong bao means 'circulating treasure' or 'coin'
Sycee
1999 banknote issue by the People's Bank of China
issue new 100 yuan note to counter the counterfeits". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 18 August 2015. "New Security-enhanced 100 Yuan Note Enters Market
Fifth_series_of_the_renminbi
Coin production and deployment
Ping yuan bao (永平元寶; yǒng píng yuánbǎo) Tong Zheng yuan bao (通正元寶; tōng zhèng yuánbǎo) Tian Han yuan bao (天漢元寶; tiānhàn yuánbǎo) Guang Tian yuan bao (光天元寶;
Ancient_Chinese_coinage
Former autonomous area in Mongolia
Autonomous Government was an administratively autonomous component of Mengjiang from its creation in 1937 to its complete merger in 1939. Following the
South Chahar Autonomous Government
South_Chahar_Autonomous_Government
Historical Chinese currency
a new epoch'), sometimes romanised as Kai Yuan Tong Bao or using the archaic Wade-Giles spelling K'ai Yuan T'ung Pao, was a Tang dynasty cash coin that
Kaiyuan_Tongbao
Former currency of China
Chinese yuan, based on the current yuan–dollar and yuan–sterling market exchange rates. After the UK abandoned gold in September 1931, only the yuan–dollar
Chinese_customs_gold_unit
Administratively autonomous region of Mengjiang
administratively autonomous component of Mengjiang from its creation in 1937 to its complete merger into Mengjiang in 1939. Following the Japanese invasion
North Shanxi Autonomous Government
North_Shanxi_Autonomous_Government
Chinese currency unit in imperial China
imperial times. It was the chief denomination until the introduction of the yuan in the late 19th century. The English word "cash", meaning "tangible currency"
Chinese_cash_(currency_unit)
Overview of coin production
face value of 50 yuan, even though it contained over 10 times as much silver as the 15 g silver coin, which had a face value of 10 yuan. In 1988, the first
Chinese_lunar_coins
Currency of the Tuvan People's Republic
the year of issue. Money portal Numismatics portal Akçe Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan "1 Akşa, Tannu Tuva". en.numista.com. Retrieved 2025-09-17. Wikimedia
Tuvan_akşa
Traditional Asian unit of mass
completely replaced it with the yuan in a process known as the fei liang gai yuan (廢兩改元; 'Abolishing liang and changing to yuan'). During this time the Republican
Liang_(currency)
Historical currency of China
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Ant-nose_coin
1962 banknote issue by the People's Bank of China
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Third_series_of_the_renminbi
Currency of Hong Kong
British Weihaiwei, the Hong Kong dollar circulated jointly with the Chinese yuan from 1914 to 1930, when Weihaiwei was returned to the Republic of China.
Hong_Kong_dollar
Former central bank
The Mengjiang Bank, also Meng Chiang Bank or Bank of Inner Mongolia (Chinese: 蒙疆銀行), was a central bank of the Japan-supported government of Mengjiang that
Mengjiang_Bank
System of ancient Chinese coinage
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Xin_dynasty_coinage
Currency of Macau
Also in 1944, further cashier's cheques were issued, denominated 1,000 yuan and NC$5,000. The 25 pataca note was discontinued after 1958. On 8 August
Macanese_pataca
Chinese Mongol prince (1902–1966)
Mongol Military Government (1938–39) and later of the puppet state of Mengjiang (1939–45), during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In the modern day, some
Demchugdongrub
Historical coinage of China
cash coins produced by the Ming dynasty was higher than under the preceding Yuan dynasty (which had used paper notes, or zhibi (紙幣), extensively instead of
Ming_dynasty_coinage
Ancient Chinese money
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Tong_Bei
Historic alternative currency of China
ZHI Liang, op. Cit. 33; LUO Jianguo, op. Cit., 41, YU Liuliang and QUAN Yuan: Wujin Banshang yi jiao gu chu. in Shanghai qianbi tongsun, Nr. 58. 1990
Bamboo_tally
1987 banknote issue by the People's Bank of China
(1, 2, 5 jiao), 1, 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 yuan. Coins were introduced in denominations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 yuan. The banknotes were dated 1980, 1990, or
Fourth_series_of_the_renminbi
Chinese cash coin
at auction in the year 2011 for the equivalent of $334,103 (or 2,070,000 yuan). Among those who had the chance to admire this silver Ban Liang cash coin
Banliang
coins (對錢). This was originally pioneered by the Southern Tang. During the Yuan dynasty, largely deprecated copper coinage was abandoned in favour of paper
List of Chinese cash coins by inscription
List_of_Chinese_cash_coins_by_inscription
Historical coinage of China
was sold at a China Guardian Auction for about US$567,000 (or 3,528,000 yuan). A three hole spade was sold at an auction on November 25, 2012 hosted by
Spade_money
Historical money of China
(西泠印社拍卖有限公司) in the city of Hangzhou for the equivalent of US$140,239 (or 862,500 yuan). Wang Mang was a nephew of the Dowager Empress Wang. In AD 9, he usurped
Knife_money
1948/49 banknote issue by the People's Bank of China
government. This series is also called "Old Currency", which 10,000 yuan is equal to 1 yuan of the 2nd series and later (called "New Currency"). Due to the
First_series_of_the_renminbi
the Qing dynasty, having acquired experiences from the prior Song, Jin, Yuan, and Ming dynasties which adopted paper money but where uncontrolled printing
Paper money of the Qing dynasty
Paper_money_of_the_Qing_dynasty
Traditional Asian unit of mass
Mandarin Chinese word fēn is used to denote 1⁄100 of a Chinese renminbi yuan but the term candareen for that currency is now obsolete. On 1 May 1878 the
Candareen
Chinese coin
(民國通寶) coins in 1912, but were phased out in favour of the new Yuan-based coins. During Yuan Shikai's brief attempt at monarchy as the Empire of China, trial
Cash_(Chinese_coin)
Government note of the Chinese Southern Song dynasty
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Huizi_(currency)
Currency of the Qing Dynasty
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Great_Qing_Copper_Coin
One of the first forms of paper money
Imperial Treasuries: Finance and Power in Sung China," Bulletin of Sung-Yuan Studies 20 (1988). .pdf Silver and the Transition to a Paper Money Standard
Jiaozi_(currency)
Historical currency unit
unit would later also be used by the Jurchen Jin dynasty and the Mongol Yuan dynasty on their Jiaochao banknotes, though due to hyperinflation these currencies
String_of_cash
Historical currencies of China
the Ban Liang inscription was superseded by a new type of coin in the year Yuan Shou 4 (元狩四年, 119 BC). A number of 4 zhu Ban Liang cash coins have an outer
Han_dynasty_coinage
Old Chinese coin
named after the Taiqing period (547–549). In 552 under the reign of Emperor Yuan the capital city was moved to the city of Jiangling. The Jiangling Mint issued
Wu_Zhu
Ancient coins of China, Japan and Vietnam
example with some Warring States period round hole coins with the inscription "Yuan" (垣) which was made of about 30% iron. The mechanical strength of the cast
Tieqian
Chinese Qing dynasty coin
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Qianlong_Tongbao
Unit of weight and currency
common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver Chinese yuan. Like other similar measures such as tael and catty, the English word "mace"
Mace_(unit)
Government of China from 1912 to 1928
Republic of China between 1912 and 1928, based in Beijing. It was dominated by Yuan Shikai and the other generals of his Beiyang Army, hence the name. After
Beiyang_government
Historical coinage of China
which were used as money. In Chinese they are known as Ying Yuan (Chinese: 郢爰; pinyin: yǐng yuán).[citation needed] The shape of spade money (Chinese: 布币;
Zhou_dynasty_coinage
Banknotes issued by the Ming dynasty
Mongol Yuan dynasty had suffered from a severe case of hyperinflation which made the paper money issued by them worthless. Under the reign of the Yuan dynasty
Great_Ming_Treasure_Note
Ancient Chinese coins
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Kucha_coinage
Historical coinage of China
The Yuan dynasty was a Mongol-ruled Chinese dynasty which existed from 1271 to 1368. After the conquest of the Western Xia, Western Liao, and Jin dynasties
Yuan_dynasty_coinage
Series of unissued Chinese coins
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Great_Qing_Gold_Coin
Chinese Qing dynasty coin
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Kangxi_Tongbao
1955 banknote issue by the People's Bank of China
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Second_series_of_the_renminbi
Currency of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Shengbao
Series of Qing Dynasty banknotes
Mongol Yuan dynasty had suffered from a severe case of hyperinflation which made the paper money issued by them worthless. Under the reign of the Yuan dynasty
Hubu_Guanpiao
Political principle of the Republic of China
1937–1939 North Shanxi Autonomous Government banner, 1937–1939 Flag of Mengjiang, 1939–1945 Buddhist flag Multiracialism Legacy of the Qing dynasty Zhonghua
Five_Races_Under_One_Union
Song-era Chinese form of paper money
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Guanzi_(currency)
Later Zhou Chinese copper-alloy cash coin
inscription is written using clerical script. The second stroke of the "Yuan" (元) character is written "picked from the left" ("元"字第二筆左挑). The reverse
Zhouyuan_Tongbao
19th-century Chinese cash coins
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Daqian
Taiwanese economic stimulus (2009, 2020)
certificates while only 30% opted for the digital versions. The Executive Yuan originally estimated that the printing of 3,000,000 copies for the public
ROC_consumer_voucher
Soviet military banknote issued 1945–1946
Yuan of the Red Army Command (Chinese: 紅軍圓; pinyin: Hóngjūnyuán, also called Chinese: 紅軍票; pinyin: Hóngjūnpiào) are banknotes issued by the Soviet military
Yuan_of_the_Red_Army_Command
and by 1959 all of the money was gradually being replaced with renminbi yuan (the official currency of the People's Republic of China). In ancient Tibet
Historical_money_of_Tibet
Chinese cash coin, minted 1408–1424
Manchukuo yuan Mengjiang yuan Xinjiang coins Hongqian Yuan of the Red Army Command Ancient Cowrie shell Tong Bei Ant-nose coin Knife money Ying Yuan Spade
Yongle_Tongbao
the Qing dynasty was abolished, its currency was replaced by the Chinese yuan of the Republic of China. Prior to the establishment of the Qing dynasty
Qing_dynasty_coinage
Chinese cash coin-like trust token
Zhaona Xinbao was reported to be in the hands of Fang Dishan (方地山) which Yuan Hanyun (袁寒雲) describes as being a wee bit bigger than the bronze variant
Zhaona_Xinbao
Historical Chinese banknotes
weight unit. Later zhuangpiao would also feature denominations such as the yuan (元 / 圓) which was based on round silver coins. Zhuangpiao were privately
Zhuangpiao
Chinese numismatic term
Xianping Yuanbao was valued only at 2 yuan, a Bingqian Xianping Yuanbao cash coin during this same time was valued at 500 yuan on average. Many Bingqian have
Bingqian
Chinese cash coin minted 1368–1393
the Ming dynasty placed a greater reliance on copper cash coins than the Yuan dynasty ever did, but despite this reliance a nationwide copper shortage
Hongwu_Tongbao
Axis collaborationist party (1939–1945)
the management of the North China Political Affairs Committee and the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government. At the beginning of its establishment, Wang's
Kuomintang_(Wang_Jingwei)
Historical currency in Jiangsu
contained other inscriptions describing their nominal value like bǎi hé tong yuán (百合同元, "this coin has the same worth as 100 of the primary currency"), chuán
Chinese token (alternative currency)
Chinese_token_(alternative_currency)
Chinese coin
under the title of "Prince of Wu" and created the mint before the Mongol Yuan dynasty was driven out of China. The first cash coins produced by the Baoyuanju
Zhiqian
denominated in "yuan" and were known as Yinyuan Piao (銀元票) and were issued in the denominations of 1 yuan, 5 yuan, 10 yuan, 50 yuan, and 100 yuan. In 1908,
Banknotes_of_the_Da_Qing_Bank
Historical coinage of China
centuries Liao dynasty coins weighed the same until the issue of the first Yuan Bao (元寶) coin series, the next 2 generations of coins were lighter which
Liao_dynasty_coinage
Asian coins used to cast more coins
in the city of Beijing for $129,843 (which at the time was worth 808,500 yuan). Iutsushi (Japanese: 鋳写し) is a Japanese term that could be translated as
Mother_coin
the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Chinese Soviet Republic, Manchukuo, Mengjiang, Wang Jingwei Government, etc. This is because their provinces were usually
Former capitals of Chinese provinces
Former_capitals_of_Chinese_provinces
Qing dynasty paper money, issued 1853–1859
Mongol Yuan dynasty had suffered from a severe case of hyperinflation which made the paper money issued by them worthless. Under the reign of the Yuan dynasty
Great_Qing_Treasure_Note
Coinage of the Chinese dynasty
eventually annexed the Jin before marching down to the Song establishing the Yuan dynasty. Coins from the Song dynasty have appeared in variants written in
Southern_Song_dynasty_coinage
Historical coinage of China
conquered by the Mongol Empire (which later evolved into the Yuan dynasty; further reading: Yuan dynasty coinage). Although the Jin dynasty had started issuing
Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
Jin_dynasty_coinage_(1115–1234)
Historical Chinese currency
Stephen Album (2022). "Auction 25 - Lot 867 - CHINA (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC): AR 10 yuan, 1998. KM-1196. One ounce silver vault protector, dà táng zhèn kù (Great
Southern_Tang_coinage
1939 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Guyang was Ogami Shigeru's Cavalry Brigade and the 8th Division of the Mengjiang Army. Further to this was the Western Suiyuan Autonomous Allied Army commanded
Battle_of_Baotou
1945–1946 military occupation
Manchuria, brushing aside scattered Japanese resistance, and occupied Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia), southern Sakhalin, and the northern half of the Korean
Soviet occupation of Manchuria
Soviet_occupation_of_Manchuria
Historical coinage of China
was annexed by the Mongols, Tangut inscriptions appeared only on a single Yuan dynasty coin. Following the establishment of the Western Xia state, the Tangut
Western_Xia_coinage
2020 voucher issued by Taiwan
soon as they took preventative measures to combat it, and the Executive Yuan under Tsai Ing-wen had issued government bailouts to help stimulate the economy
Triple_Stimulus_Voucher
Type of Chinese numismatic charm
as some from the Mongol Yuan dynasty that feature horses wearing typical Mongolian horse armour. As horse coins from the Yuan dynasty are extremely rare
Horse_coin
Chinese military commander and political commissar (1905–1940)
forest by a large combined Japanese and collaborationist forces in the Mengjiang County (蒙江县), and was killed during fierce fighting by multiple shots
Yang_Jingyu
Province of the Republic of China
锡林郭勒盟). From 1937 to 1945, it was occupied by Japan and made a part of Mengjiang, a Japanese-controlled region led by Mongol Prince Demchugdongrub of Shilingol
Chahar_Province
Bank headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan
Nationalist government - soon lost control over parts of North China to the Mengjiang Bank in Kalgan and the United Reserve Bank in Peiping, then over central-eastern
Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)
Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)
Former central bank
occupation forces, together with the Central Bank of Manchou (1932–1945), Mengjiang Bank (1937–1945), United Reserve Bank (1938–1945), and Huaxing Commercial
Central_Reserve_Bank_of_China
Mongolian military officer and politician (1876–1947)
military officer and government official during the late Qing dynasty and Mengjiang governments. He was an ethnic Mongol belonging to the Plain and Bordered
Jodbajab
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