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Indigenous people of southern Iraq
The Marsh Arabs (Arabic: عرب الأهوار ʻArab al-Ahwār "Arabs of the Marshlands"), also referred to as Ahwaris, the Maʻdān (Arabic: معدان "dweller in the
Marsh_Arabs
Wetlands in Iraq, Iran and Kuwait
Re-Imagined' - Reviving the Cultural Heritage and Lost Knowledge of the Marsh Arabs.” Arab News, May 21, 2021. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1862251/lifestyle
Mesopotamian_Marshes
River system in the Middle East
late 1980s and early 1990s, as part of ecological warfare against the Marsh Arabs, a rebellious group of people in Baathist Iraq. However, with the breaching
Tigris–Euphrates_river_system
People of Iraq
Arabs, Assyrians, or Kurds. Modern genetic studies indicate that Iraqi Arabs and Iraqi Kurds are distantly related, though Iraqi Mesopotamian Arabs are
Iraqis
study identified Y chromosome haplotypes shared by Marsh Arabs, some Arabic speaking Iraqis, non Arab Assyrians, Iraqi Jews and Mandeans "supporting a common
Genetic history of the Middle East
Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East
Saddam Hussein's campaigns to drain marshes and force population transfer
different reasons. In the 1990s, the marshes were drained for political motives, namely to force the Marsh Arabs (or Ahwaris) out of the area and to punish
Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes
Draining_of_the_Mesopotamian_Marshes
Mythical island in the marshes of southern Iraq
is a mythical island in the marshes of southern Iraq, believed to exist by the Marsh Arabs (or Ahwaris). The Marsh Arabs informants of the British traveler
Hufaidh
Ahwari traditional reed house
as Marsh Arabs) in the swamps of southern Iraq. In the traditional Ahwari way of living, houses are constructed from reeds harvested from the marshes where
Mudhif
Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC
needed] The closest modern-day people to the Sumerians genetically are the Marsh Arabs. In the early Sumerian period, the primitive pictograms suggest that
Sumer
Other minority groups in Iraq include Armenians, Mandaeans, Baháʼís, and Marsh Arabs, among others. The vast majority of Iraqi Kurds are Sunni Muslims, with
Minorities_in_Iraq
Ideology espousing the unification of Arabs
which is referred to as the Arab world. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism, which asserts the view that the Arabs constitute a single nation.
Pan-Arabism
British military officer, explorer, and writer
Empty Quarter of the Arabian Peninsula, and The Marsh Arabs (1964), on his time living with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq. Thesiger was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Wilfred_Thesiger
Marshes in Iran and Iraq; UNESCO World Heritage site
Iran. The Marsh Arabs live in Iraq and Hawizeh people live in Iran. From the time of the Sumerians and Babylonians people lived in the marshes. In the southwest
Hawizeh_Marshes
Historical ethnic group in the Middle East
Zutt later became what are now known as Marsh Arabs of Iraq. However, genetic studies show that the Marsh Arabs harbor mtDNAs and Y chromosomes that are
Zuṭṭ
Type of canoe
The tarada (Arabic: طرادة) is a large canoe used by the Marsh Arabs with a long, tapered prow and stern that curve up from the waterline. It is 10–12
Tarada
Arabic gender identity term and a slur
term, as well as a gender identity used among the Ahwari culture, or Marsh Arabs, in Southern Iraq. The term equates with 'becoming a man' and is used
Mustarjil
Place in Basra, Iraq
south side and marshes in the north east and north west. The total population is 67,500 inhabitants, the majority of them Shi'a Arabs. Many of them work
Ezzedine_Salim_subdistrict
Geocultural region in Asia and Africa
the lingua franca throughout the Arab world. The Arab world is at its minimum defined as the 19 states where Arabs form at least a plurality of the population
Arab_world
Ethnic Arab citizens of Iran
province. The presence of Arabs in Iran dates back to the 7th-8th centuries AD, where under the Sasanian Empire, Mesopotamian Arabs were an important segment
Iranian_Arabs
Islamic perspectives on the domestic cat
his 1964 book The Marsh Arabs, notes that cats were allowed free entry to community buildings in villages in the Mesopotamian Marshes and were even fed
Islam_and_cats
Regional organisation
enabling more schools and universities to be set up. While Arabs constitute the vast majority of the Arab League, with Egyptians making up the largest specific
Arab_League
Period of political rivalry in the Arab world
after his visit here, had called on all Arabs to oppose Communism. As Arab nationalists surged during the Arab Cold War, the U.S. and its client conservative
Arab_Cold_War
Historical region of West Asia
observed among Iraqi Mesopotamian Arabs, Assyrians, or Kurds. Modern genetic studies indicate that Iraqi Mesopotamian Arabs are more related to Iraqi-Assyrians
Mesopotamia
Anti-government uprisings in Ba'athist Iraq
intensified a prior systematic forced relocation of Marsh Arabs and the draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes in the Tigris–Euphrates river system. The Gulf
1991_Iraqi_uprisings
Forested wetland
swamp. The Mesopotamian Marshes is a large swamp and river system in southern Iraq, traditionally inhabited in part by the Marsh Arabs. In Asia, tropical peat
Swamp
Canal in Iraq
from the marshes in retribution for a failed Shia uprising in 1991. Draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes directly affected the Marsh Arabs, forcing them
Glory_River
Religious group mentioned in the Quran
Thesiger in the southern marshes of Iraq, records in his diary that the Sabians were "People of the Book". The marsh Arabs called them "Subbi". They
Sabians
Theoretical political union of Arab states
Arab Union is a theoretical political union of the Arab states. The term was first used when the British Empire and French empire promised the Arabs a
Arab_Union
Arab tribe
other areas in the Middle East. The Al-Daraji are mentioned in the book Marsh Arabs, by Sir Wilfred Patrick Thesiger (1964). The Al-Daraji tribe includes
Al-Daraji
British journalist and travel writer
he was 72 years old. Return to the Marshes: Life with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, 1977 - travels with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq (photographs by Nik Wheeler)
Gavin_Young
Ethnic group native to Mesopotamia
study focusing on the genetics of Marsh Arabs of Iraq, researchers identified Y chromosome haplotypes shared by Marsh Arabs, Iraqis, and Assyrians, "supporting
Assyrians
Emissions, impacts and responses of Iraq related to climate change
to the internal displacement of over 200,000 Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs) over the 1990s. The Marsh Arabs endured a government-backed campaign of violence which
Climate_change_in_Iraq
Index of plants with the same common name
types for at least thousands of years. One contemporary example is the Marsh Arabs. Phragmites australis, the common reed, is used in many areas for thatching
Reed_(plant)
Political ideology
Arab nationalism (Arabic: القومية العربية, romanized: al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
Arab_nationalism
Town in Basrah Governorate, Iraq
Mesopotamian Marshes(Hammar Marshes), and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. The town has two mosques, a girls school, and a holy shrine of Solomon
Ad_Dayr,_Iraq
Subgroup of a human Y-DNA haplogroup
absent from the non-Muslim population there. However, its presence in the Marsh Arabs(related to Sumer) of Iraq hints that Q-M25's West Asian history extends
Haplogroup_Q-M25
Traditional canoe of southern Iraq
traditionally used on the Mesopotamian Marshes and rivers of southern Iraq. It was widely used by the Marsh Arabs, or Ahwaris (عرب الأهوار), as a fishing
Mashoof
Species of fish
Arabic dialect as binni or bunni, this fish is valued highly by the Marsh Arabs. Their fishermen traditionally employ an unusual technique of spearfishing
Binni
2025 drama film
Arabic) and her cockerel Hindi in a peasant village in the Mesopotamian Marshes. At school, lots are drawn to assign students responsibilities, and Lamia
The_President's_Cake
1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East
intensified a prior systematic forced relocation of Marsh Arabs and the draining of the Mesopotamian Marshes in the Tigris–Euphrates river system. The Gulf
Gulf_War
The Arab League as an organization has no military force, like the United Nations or the European Union, but in the 2007 summit[dubious – discuss], the
Military_of_the_Arab_League
Place in Dhi Qar, Iraq
inhabited primarily by Marsh Arabs of the Banu Asad tribe. Al-Chibayish has historically been an important hub for the Marsh Arab people and a traditional
Al-Chibayish
the official language in the Arab world, but additional languages are often used in the daily lives of some citizens. Arabs, however, don't natively speak
Demographics of the Arab world
Demographics_of_the_Arab_world
Saline lake in Iraq
lake is an important wetland site for birds. The native inhabitants are Marsh Arabs, some of whom occupy villages on artificial, floating islands. Hammar
Lake_Hammar
Confederation of Libya, Egypt and Syria (1972–1977)
Division, Library of Congress. LCCN 88600480. Pollack, Kenneth Michael (2004). Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln, Nebraska: University
Federation_of_Arab_Republics
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Iraq
encourage further conservation. Since the inscription, native wildlife and Marsh Arabs have returned to the region. Iraqis from different regions and some foreign
Ahwar_of_Southern_Iraq
Traditional headdress worn by men in the Middle East
tying it over the kuma for formal occasions. During his sojourn with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq, Gavin Young noted that the local sayyids—"venerated men accepted
Keffiyeh
Country in West Asia
and today only 1,500 Armenians are found in the city. Around 20,000 Marsh Arabs live in southern Iraq. Iraq has a community of 2,500 Chechens, and some
Iraq
American anthropologist and archaeologist
Field went back to Iraq in 1934 and made anthropometric surveys of Marsh Arabs, Shammar bedouins, and Kurds. In 1941, just before America's entry into
Henry_Field_(anthropologist)
Marshes in Southern Iraq; a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Hammar is the largest water body in the Hammar Marshes. The main ethnic group in the area is the Marsh Arabs. Massive drainage projects were started in the
Hammar_Marshes
Proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya
stage and denounced the idea that "the Arabs had ever been united, dismissed all of [Gaddafi's] ideas about rapid Arab unity, and even took the Libyans to
Arab_Islamic_Republic
Iraqi Shia Arab social group
countryside to the cities. Some Shroug also resided in the Marshes alongside the Marsh Arabs. Although the term Shroug initially referred to Amara District
Shroug
Iraqi politician (1966–2003)
southern marshes of Iraq. The wholesale destruction of these marshes ended a centuries-old way of life that prevailed among the Shia Marsh Arabs who made
Qusay_Hussein
Pan-Arab socialist ideology
transformation. The glorious past of the Arabs is made the source and aim for emulation. Arsuzi wrote: "The Arabs conquered the world in order to civilize
Ba'athism
Governorate of Iraq
is covered in the south by many Mesopotamian Marshes, and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. In 2007, the unemployment rate was 17%. Amara
Maysan_Governorate
Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
L301 P306 L327 Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup Marsh Arabs (on the Y-DNA Q1b-M378 in Marsh Arabs related to Sumer) Q-M242 Q-L275 Q-L330 Q-L717 Q-L940
Haplogroup_Q-L275
Post-split Iraqi Ba'athist political party
transformation. The glorious past of the Arabs is made the source and aim for emulation. Arsuzi wrote: "The Arabs conquered the world in order to civilize
Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region
Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_–_Iraq_Region
Governorate of Iraq
approximately 2,000,000, predominantly Shia Arab. The southern marshes have traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. As of 2007, the area is very poor, with
Dhi_Qar_Governorate
The economy of the Arab League is the economy of the member states of the Arab League. The economy has traditionally been dependent on exports of oil
Economy_of_the_Arab_League
Military force
member states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The command was renamed on 5 January 2021, following the GCC summit
Unified_Military_Command
20th century military unit in British Iraq
in southern and central Iraq. By 1918 the Arab Scouts increased to 5,467 Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Marsh Arabs, Yazidis and Assyrians. In 1919 the force
Iraq_Levies
International parliament of the Arab League
The Arab Parliament (Arabic: البرلمان العربي) is the legislative body of the Arab League. At the 19th Arab League Summit in Amman, the Arab states agreed
Arab_Parliament
British war journalist
Foreign Reporter of the Year for his coverage of the suffering of the Marsh Arabs in Southern Iraq. His May 2021 keynote interview about the spread of
Shyam_Bhatia
English photojournalist
while her contributions to the Leon McCaron Noema essay The Last of the Marsh Arabs won her the 2022 Covering Climate Now Award for Photography. In 2024
Emily_Garthwaite
Pole used to move boats or barges
poles are also used widely on the Mesopotamian Marshes to propel the mashoof canoes used by the Marsh Arabs. These poles are called marda (مُرْدِيّ in Literary
Setting_pole
Customs union
The Arab Customs Union (Arabic: الاتحاد الجمركي العربي) is a customs union announced at the Arab League's 2009 Arab Economic and Social Development Summit
Arab_Customs_Union
Marshes in Iraq; UNESCO World Heritage site
from specimens obtained in the Central Marshes, is extinct. The area was formerly populated by the Marsh Arabs or Ma'dan, who grazed buffalo on the natural
Central_Marshes
Egyptian defense manufacturer
The Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) (Egyptian Arabic: الهيئة العربية للتصنيع) is an Egyptian company, it’s an Egyptian government's manufacturing
Arab Organization for Industrialization
Arab_Organization_for_Industrialization
Town in Iraq
Mesopotamian Marshes (Hammar Marshes), and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs.[citation needed] The topography is flat and the climate arid. The area
Shafi,_Iraq
Iraqi folk singer (died 1944)
Media (26 June 2023). "Recovering Arab Trans History: Masoud El Amaratly, the Folk Music Icon from Iraq's Marshes". Ajam Media Collective. Retrieved
Masoud_El_Amaratly
The area is close to the Mesopotamian Marshes(Hammar Marshes), and has traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. The area suffered greatly during the
Qaryat_Nasr,_Iraq
Place in Basra, Iraq
Al-Bubsairy (البوبصيري ) is a village on the Shatt El Arab in Iraq, inhabited by Marsh Arabs. It is located at 30°53'48.5"N 47°32'16.9"E, south of Al Qurnah
Al-Bubsairy
Overview of genocides from 1945
2018. "Marsh Arabs". ICE Case Studies. January 2001. Archived from the original on 7 September 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2018. "The Marsh Arabs of Iraq: Hussein's
Genocides in history (1946 to 1999)
Genocides_in_history_(1946_to_1999)
This is a list of lists relating to the Arab League. List of conflicts in the Arab League List of modern conflicts in the Middle East List of modern conflicts
Lists_of_the_Arab_League
2008 French film
Mesopotamian Marshes, at the delta of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, lie in the south of Iraq. This is where Mastour and Zahra, two young Marsh Arabs, grow
Dawn_of_the_World
Holy site in Al-Uzair, Iraq
shrine has continued in use, however; having long been visited by the Marsh Arabs, it is now a place of pilgrimage for the Shi'a Muslims of southern Iraq
Ezra's_Tomb
1917 Capture of Fallujah
currently low, although repair work was hampered by attacks from local Marsh Arabs, who attacked both sides equally, without prejudice. Once repair work—which
Capture_of_Fallujah_(1917)
Arabs and Sunni Kurds are small. While 98 percent of Shia Arabs believe that visiting the shrines of saints is acceptable, 71 percent of Sunni Arabs did
Demographics_of_Iraq
Arab town in northern Israel
encampments of Arabs who live permanently in the marshes of the river Zerka. They are so strongly posted (the intricate way through the marshes being only
Jisr_az-Zarqa
Place in Basra, Iraq
for boat-building of the mashoof canoes that are widely used by the Marsh Arabs. "Governorates and cities in Iraq". City Population. Retrieved 2026-04-30
Abu_Al-Khaseeb
1969 British film by Jack Couffer
swimming pool. Graham has been trying for years to write a novel about the Marsh Arabs; however, after seeing the baby otters playing, he takes pen and paper
Ring_of_Bright_Water_(film)
The Arab world consists of 22 countries[citation needed] located in Western Asia, Northern Africa, the Maghreb, the Horn of Africa, and the Indian Ocean
Geography_of_the_Arab_world
local dialects of Arabic spoken by Arab minorities in Iran (like Ahwazi Arabs, Khamseh Arabs, Marsh Arabs as well as Arabs in Khorasan) are Khuzestani Arabic
List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language
Politics of Arab regional organisation
making. The fear of rich Arabs that poorer Arabs may come to share their wealth in the name of Arab nationalism, the feuds among Arab rulers and the influence
Politics_of_the_Arab_League
Figure in early Jewish history
banks of the Tigris near Basra, Iraq, is a pilgrimage site for the local Marsh Arabs. Many Islamic scholars and modern Western academics do not view Uzer
Ezra
History of lands by the Tigris and Euphrates
fluctuating marsh lands alongside more arid areas, the whole presenting a landscape generally comparable to that in which the Marsh Arabs live today.
Prehistory_of_Mesopotamia
Scottish natural historian and author (1914–1969)
Maxwell wrote A Reed Shaken by the Wind, describing his time with the Marsh Arabs. The front dedication page is blank, apart from the following text: "For
Gavin_Maxwell
Currency of Iraq
of Ur-Nammu (2111 to 2094 BC), King of Ur House (Mudhif) built by the marsh Arabs, or the Ma’dan, in southern Iraq, frieze from the Sumero-Akkadian period
Iraqi_dinar
In the Arab world, racism targets black Arabs, and non-Arabs ethnic minorities such as sub-Saharan Africans, Berbers, the Saqaliba, Southeast Asians,
Racism_in_the_Arab_world
DNA analysis of Arabian populations
and Yemenis". A 2018 study of Arabs found that Peninsular Arabs genetically showed two distinct clusters and that Arabs in general can be genetically
Genetic_studies_on_Arabs
Continuum of mutually intelligible varieties of Arabic
dialects Rural dialects South Mesopotamian Arabic of the Marsh Arabs of the Mesopotamian Marshes Qeltu dialects include: North Mesopotamian Arabic Anatolian
Mesopotamian_Arabic
Governorate of Iraq
approximately 1,450,000. The majority are Shia Arabs. The marshes have traditionally been home to many Marsh Arabs. There are also Feyli Kurds in the eastern
Wasit_Governorate
1950 treaty among the members of the Arab League
the League of Arab States (commonly, the Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty) is a treaty among the member states of the Arab League signed
Joint Defence and Economic Co-operation Treaty
Joint_Defence_and_Economic_Co-operation_Treaty
Place in Haifa, Mandatory Palestine
permanent villages, and were often mentioned alongside the Ghawarneh (Marsh Arabs). Some worked as tanents in the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem's
Barrat_Qisarya
British newsreader and journalist (1955–2023)
reported on events ranging from the genocide in Rwanda to the plight of the Marsh Arabs in southern Iraq, as well as the civil wars in Afghanistan, Liberia,
George_Alagiah
British-born photographer (born 1939)
Great Photographers and Writers in Vietnam (2005) Return to the Marshes: Life with the Marsh Arabs of Iraq (with Gavin Young)(1977) Official website v t e
Nik_Wheeler
Druze").[citation needed] Marsh Dwellers/Marsh Arabs (Ma'dan/ʻArab al-Ahwār): An Arabic-speaking people living in the marshes of southern Iraq or on the
List_of_Indigenous_peoples
Name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to a portion of Southeast Africa
in Iraq as free persons and make Iraq their home living amongst the Marsh Arabs. The term Zanj here is thought to refer to Africans in general due to
Zanj
Port city in southern Iraq
Al-bo Mohammed, Al-Badr, Al-Ubadi, Ruba'ah Sayyid tribes and other Marsh Arabs tribes.[citation needed] There are also Feyli Kurds living in the eastern
Basra
Decision-making and advisory institutions
institutions of the Arab League are the permanent and non-permanent decision-making and advisory institutions created by the Charter of the Arab League and other
Institutions of the Arab League
Institutions_of_the_Arab_League
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