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NASA research facility
The Mars Climate Modeling Center (MCMC) is a NASA research facility located at the NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, within the Planetary
Mars_Climate_Modeling_Center
The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily
Climate_of_Mars
Model of atmospheric circulation on Mars
the atmosphere of Mars, how that circulation is driven and how it affects the climate of Mars in the long term. This Mars climate model is a complex 3-dimensional
Mars general circulation model
Mars_general_circulation_model
Fourth planet from the Sun
modeling has disputed the existence of the Late Heavy Bombardment. There is evidence of an enormous impact basin in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars,
Mars
Assessments of possible life on Mars
; McEwen, Alfred S. (2010). "Modeling the formation of bright slope deposits associated with gullies in Hale Crater, Mars: Implications for recent liquid
Life_on_Mars
Hypothetical modification of Mars into an Earth-like habitable planet
2026 follow-up modeling study reported that Mars radiative-dynamical feedbacks support engineered-aerosol warming, and suggested Mars-warming particles
Terraforming_of_Mars
Planetary and atmospheric scientist; studies the atmospheres of Earth and Mars
atmospheres of the Moon, Earth, and Mars. He has worked as a senior research scientist at NASA, developing scientific models of the evolution of the Earth's
Joel_S._Levine
American multinational food and animal care corporation
Mars, Incorporated (doing business as Mars Inc.) is an American multinational manufacturer of confectionery, pet food, and other food products and a provider
Mars_Inc.
Robotic mission that deployed the ''Curiosity'' rover to Mars in 2012
Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. The overall objectives include investigating Mars's habitability, studying its climate and geology
Mars_Science_Laboratory
Study of past and present water on Mars
English astronomer Edward Walter Maunder (1851–1928) who compared the climate of Mars to conditions atop a twenty-thousand-foot (6,100 m) peak on an arctic
Water_on_Mars
Gravitational force exerted by the planet Mars
gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought
Gravity_of_Mars
Gas layer surrounding Mars
Mars Mars MetNet – Cancelled science mission to Mars featuring semi-hard landing strategy Mars regional atmospheric modeling system MAVEN – NASA Mars
Atmosphere_of_Mars
Process of building computer models of energy systems in order to analyze them
Energy modeling or energy system modeling is the process of building computer models of energy systems in order to analyze them. Such models often employ
Energy_modeling
Landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars
A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars. Of multiple attempted Mars landings by robotic, uncrewed spacecraft, ten have had successful
Mars_landing
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
Curiosity is a Mars rover that is exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. Launched in 2011
Curiosity_(rover)
Planned Mars rover, part of ExoMars programme
previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned European robotic Mars rover, part of the international astrobiology programme ExoMars led by the European
Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)
Government weather data and forecasting agency
average age of the staff is 43 years. Climate change in Finland Foreca List of atmospheric dispersion models National Center for Atmospheric Research National
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Finnish_Meteorological_Institute
Proposed concepts
humans to Mars has been the subject of aerospace engineering and scientific studies since the late 1940s as part of the broader exploration of Mars. Long-term
Human_mission_to_Mars
Time period on Mars
research on the Amazonian of Mars has focussed on understanding its climate, and the surface processes that respond to the climate. This has included: glacial
Amazonian_(Mars)
Extraterrestrial bodies of ice
the air. This also suggests that in the recent geological past, the climate of Mars must have been different in order to allow the glaciers to grow stably
Glaciers_on_Mars
American science fiction writer (born 1952)
C., undergoing the impact of climate change in the Science in the Capital series Mars as a stand-in for Earth in the Mars trilogy, to think about re-engineering
Kim_Stanley_Robinson
The colonization of Mars is the proposed process of establishing permanent human settlements on the planet Mars. While most colonization concepts focus
Colonization_of_Mars
Martian meteorite discovered in Antarctica in 1984
(SNC) group of meteorites, ALH84001 is thought to have originated on Mars. However, it does not fit into any of the previously discovered SNC groups
Allan_Hills_84001
Indian-American engineer (born c. 1960)
during an E&E News ClimateWire Q&A, he reported that Bloom fuel cells are servicing data center energy needs with less climate pollution and lower costs
K._R._Sridhar
Geological system and early time period of Mars
Mars). Reconciling the geologic evidence of river valleys and lakes with computer climate models of Noachian Mars has been a major challenge. Models that
Noachian
Failed NASA orbiter mission to Mars (1992–1993)
Mars Observer was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992, to study the surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field
Mars_Observer
Uncrewed spaceflight program by NASA
orbital spacecraft, landers, and Mars rovers to explore the possibilities of life on Mars, as well as the planet's climate and natural resources. The program
Mars_Exploration_Program
Former bodies of water on Mars
satellites, Mars showed evidence of past river valleys, lakes and present ice in glaciers and in the ground. It was discovered that the climate of Mars displays
Lakes_on_Mars
Facility where humans could live on Mars
A Mars habitat is a hypothetical place where humans could live on Mars. Mars habitats would have to contend with surface conditions that include almost
Mars_habitat
Geology of fourth planet from the Sun
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history
Geology_of_Mars
Martian orbit around the Sun
Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934. The planet
Orbit_of_Mars
The history of Mars observation is about the recorded history of observation of the planet Mars. Some of the early records of Mars's observation date
History_of_Mars_observation
Past Geological Phenomenon on Mars
altered the orientation of Mars' rotational axis, causing climate changes. The three Tharsis Montes are shield volcanoes centered near the equator at longitude
Volcanism_on_Mars
Space exploration probe mission to Mars
add to knowledge about Mars atmospheric hydrogen and oxygen loss and other possible reasons behind the planet's drastic climate changes. The mission is
Emirates_Mars_Mission
Larger of the two moons of Mars
(/ˈfoʊboʊs/) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos. The two moons were discovered in 1877 by American
Phobos_(moon)
Climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling
radiative equilibrium. A grey stratosphere (or atmosphere) is an approach to modeling radiative transfer that does not take into account the frequency-dependence
Runaway_greenhouse_effect
Martian volcano, highest point on Mars
oʊ-/; Latin for 'Mount Olympus') is a large shield volcano on Mars. As measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), it is 21.287 kilometres (69
Olympus_Mons
Research simulating the environment on Mars
modeling and validation, in situ resource utilization, and human performance in space exploration. The Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, Mars Desert
Mars_analog_habitat
European orbiter mission to Mars (2003–present)
Mars Express is a space exploration mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) exploring the planet Mars and its moons since 2003, and the first planetary
Mars_Express
Water ice deposits on the poles of Mars
climate change occurred. Research reported in 2009 shows that the ice rich layers of the ice cap match models for Martian climate swings. NASA's Mars
Martian_polar_ice_caps
American astrophysicist
("core accretion paradigm") is seen today as the standard model. He explored the weather on Mars using data from the Mariner 9 spacecraft and the Viking
James_B._Pollack
1986 American TV series or program
can trigger changes in climate; the contrast between the climates of Venus, Earth, and Mars and the possibility of Earth's climate one day becoming like
Planet_Earth_(1986_TV_series)
Delineation and characterization of Martian regions
as the geography of Mars, is a subfield of planetary science that entails the delineation and characterization of regions on Mars. Areography is mainly
Areography
Failed Mars mission
Mars 96 (sometimes called Mars-8) was a failed Mars mission launched in 1996 to investigate Mars by the Russian Space Forces and not directly related to
Mars_96
Mensae on Mars
Deuteronilus Mensae is a region on Mars 937 km across and centered at 43°54′N 337°24′W / 43.9°N 337.4°W / 43.9; -337.4. It covers 344°–325° West and
Deuteronilus_Mensae
NASA Mars rover deployed in 2021
Perseverance is a NASA rover that has been exploring Mars since February 18, 2021, as part of the Mars 2020 mission. Built and managed by the Jet Propulsion
Perseverance_(rover)
1912 novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs
A Princess of Mars is a science fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the first of his Barsoom series. It was first serialized in the
A_Princess_of_Mars
Fine regolith found on the surface of Mars
of Mars. The term Martian soil typically refers to the finer fraction of regolith. So far, no samples have been returned to Earth, the goal of a Mars sample-return
Martian_regolith
Proposal for a crewed Mars mission
Mars Direct is a proposal for a human mission to Mars which purports to be both cost-effective and possible with current technology. It was originally
Mars_Direct
Smaller and outer moon of Mars
natural satellites of Mars, the other being Phobos. Deimos has a mean radius of 6.2 km (3.9 mi) and takes 30.3 hours to orbit Mars. Deimos is 23,460 km
Deimos_(moon)
Hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war
model-code differences. They skip the modeling steps of assessing the possibility of fire and the initial fire plumes and instead start the modeling process
Nuclear_winter
Climate Diagnostics Center (in the US) climate engineering (climate forcing: see) radiative forcing Climate Group climate house climate model climate
Index_of_meteorology_articles
slopes Climate of Mars CRISM Eridania Lake Evidence of water on Mars from Mars Odyssey Geology of Mars Glacier Glaciers on Mars Lakes on Mars Martian
Evidence of water on Mars found by Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Evidence_of_water_on_Mars_found_by_Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Locations on Earth sharing environmental conditions with Mars
Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth are environments that share potentially relevant astrobiological conditions with Mars. These include sites
Mars habitability analogue environments on Earth
Mars_habitability_analogue_environments_on_Earth
American space and aeronautics agency
February 18, 2020. Retrieved February 13, 2020. "Mars Climate Orbiter Failure Board Releases Report". Mars Polar Lander Official Website. November 10, 1999
NASA
Planum on Mars
southern plain") is the southern polar plain on Mars. It extends southward of roughly 75°S and is centered at 83°54′S 160°00′E / 83.9°S 160.0°E / -83
Planum_Australe
Atmospheric heat retention
pressure is low (as on Mars). Global warming portal Environment portal Anti-greenhouse effect Climate change feedback Climate model Global dimming Idealized
Greenhouse_effect
Retrieved 20 August 2025. "Mars' climate in flux: Mid-latitude glaciers | Mars Today – Your Daily Source of Mars News". Mars Today. Retrieved 2012-01-16
Common surface features of Mars
Common_surface_features_of_Mars
Motor vehicle
motoring.com.au. Retrieved 2018-05-04. "Model concept and equipment: exquisite in every sense | marsMediaSite". marsMediaSite. Retrieved 2018-05-04. "Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class (C209)
Mercedes-Benz_CLK-Class_(C209)
Weather station on Mars
wind speeds, and ultraviolet radiation on Mars. This Spanish project is led by the Spanish Astrobiology Center and includes the Finnish Meteorological Institute
Rover Environmental Monitoring Station
Rover_Environmental_Monitoring_Station
Tropical atmospheric circulation feature
may occur in extraterrestrial atmospheres, such as on Venus and Mars. Global climate is greatly influenced by the structure and behavior of the Hadley
Hadley_cell
Fretted terrain in the Casius quadrangle on Mars
Nilosyrtis Mensae is an area of Mars in the Casius quadrangle. It is centered on the coordinates of 36.87° N and 67.9° E. Its western and eastern longitudes
Nilosyrtis_Mensae
Retired NASA helicopter on the Mars 2020 mission
Research Center and Langley Research Center with components supplied by Lockheed Martin Space, Qualcomm, and SolAero. Ingenuity was delivered to Mars on 18
Ingenuity_(helicopter)
Serbian scientist and professor (1879–1958)
2012. Read, Peter L. (2013). "Milankovitch on Mars: observing and modeling astronomically - induced climate change" (PDF). Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary
Milutin_Milanković
NASA federally funded research and development center
and Climate Experiment (GRACE) InSight Juno Magellan Mariner program Mars 2020 Mars Climate Orbiter Mars Cube One Mars Exploration Rover Mission Mars Global
Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory
American politician and astronaut (born 1935)
missions to Mars over U.S. lunar expeditions. He believed lunar exploration was crucial for Mars missions, stating, "The fastest way to get to Mars is by way
Harrison_Schmitt
are from Mars, Laypeople are from Venus: An Evidence-Based Rationale for Communicating the Consensus on Climate". Reports of the National Center for Science
Gateway_belief_model
German research center for aerospace and power engineering
"Human Exploration Control Center" (HECC) is being developed at GSOC to support European crewed missions to the Moon, Mars and beyond. DLR joined the
German_Aerospace_Center
Mars orbiter, part of ExoMars programme
The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO or ExoMars Orbiter) is a collaborative project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Roscosmos agency
Trace_Gas_Orbiter
characteristics (or surface properties and processes) is a broad category of Mars science that examines the nature of the materials making up the Martian surface
Martian_surface
Planitia on Mars
400 mi) east to west. It is centered at 42°24′S 70°30′E / 42.4°S 70.5°E / -42.4; 70.5. It features the lowest point on Mars, serves as a known source
Hellas_Planitia
Small iron oxide spherules found on Mars
H.; Schröder, C.; Squyres, S.W. (2005). "Geochemical modeling of evaporation processes on Mars: Insight from the sedimentary record at Meridiani Planum"
Martian_spherules
Russian physicist (1935–2026)
Venus and its high wind velocities. He also developed a model for study of dust storms on Mars. He was also able to show that severe forest fires in Siberia
Georgy_Golitsyn
Concept in astrophysics
stable as it today. In 2020, James Green modeled the coupled planet-moon-magnetosphere habitable zone. The modeling showed a coupled planet–moon magnetosphere
Habitable zone for complex life
Habitable_zone_for_complex_life
Weather phenomenon on Mars
most prone to dust devil activity on Mars. Dust devils are believed to play an important role in the climate of Mars. By uplifting large amounts of surface
Martian_dust_devils
Putative CO2 gas and dust eruptions on Mars
processes. However, all current geophysical models assume some sort of jet or geyser-like activity on Mars. Their characteristics, and the process of their
Geysers_on_Mars
American science communicator (born 1955)
Climate Lab opens at Chabot". The Mercury News. November 11, 2010. Retrieved March 15, 2018. "Bill Nye's Climate Lab at Chabot Space & Science Center"
Bill_Nye
Short-term state of the atmosphere
Search for Life on Mars. Archived 11 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 28 June 2008. West Gulf River Forecast Center. Glossary of Hydrologic
Weather
Martian volcano
(2003). "Modeling Volcanic Deformation in a Regional Stress Field: Implications for the Formation of Graben Structures on Alba Patera, Mars" (PDF). J
Alba_Mons
Global electromagnetic resonances, generated and excited by lightning discharges
resonance detection besides the Earth: Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Saturn's biggest moon Titan. Modeling Schumann resonances on the planets and moons
Schumann_resonances
Soviet Mars rover launched in 1971
Estimating Vehicle for Mars or Device Evaluation Terrain—Mars) were two Soviet Mars rovers that were launched on the unsuccessful Mars 2 and Mars 3 missions in
PrOP-M
Region on Mars
Sirenum is a large region in the southern hemisphere of the planet Mars. It is centered at 39°42′S 150°00′W / 39.7°S 150°W / -39.7; -150 and covers 3900 km
Terra_Sirenum
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
straight-chain alkanes Methanation Methane emissions Methane on Mars: atmosphere climate Methanogen, archaea that produce methane. Methanogenesis, microbes
Methane
Orbits where planets may have liquid surface water
and Mars in the past, the inner edge of the OHZ is called the "recent Venus" edge and the outer edge is called "early Mars". Different climate models give
Habitable_zone
Psychosocial isolation experiment in spaceflight research
The MARS-500 mission was a psychosocial isolation experiment conducted between 2007 and 2011 by Russia, the European Space Agency, and China, in preparation
MARS-500
Depressions in topography at mid-latitudes of Mars
water ice by sublimation under current Martian climate conditions over periods of tens of thousands of Mars years. Scalloped depressions are thought to begin
Scalloped_topography
Method in computer modeling
Thermal Emission Spectrometer onboard NASA's Mars Global Surveyor and the Mars Climate Sounder onboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Two methods of data
Data_assimilation
Proposed NASA submarine to land on Titan
2012 vote by the InSight lander, which was tasked with studying the core of Mars. However, both projects remain active under the auspices of NIAC. The Titan
Titan_Submarine
Dimension and shape of land surfaces
useful for landscape modeling, city modeling and visualization applications, a DTM is often required for flood or drainage modeling, land-use studies, geological
Terrain
Solar system exploration program by NASA
small-scale magnetospheres. Mars COMPASS (Climate Orbiter for Mars Polar Atmospheric and Subsurface Science) is a mission concept for a Mars orbiter to research
Discovery_Program
Failed Mars lander launched in 2003
The Beagle 2 is an inoperative British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. It was intended to conduct
Beagle_2
Technology development overview
Mars Emirates Mars Mission – Space exploration probe mission to Mars Mariner 9 – First spacecraft to enter orbit around Mars (1971–1972) Mars Climate
Outline of artificial satellites
Outline_of_artificial_satellites
Projection of Earth's equator out into space
Aleksidze NG (26 Mar 2013). "New model of Mars surface irradiation for the climate simulation chamber 'Artificial Mars'". International Journal of Astrobiology
Celestial_equator
Largest crater on Phobos
Stickney is the largest Impact crater on Phobos, the inner satellite of Mars. It is 9 km (5.6 mi) in diameter, taking up a substantial proportion of the
Stickney_(crater)
reports the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars has reached Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons), a mountain at the center of Gale Crater and the rover mission's
2014_in_science
Planned sample-return mission by Japan to Phobos
twice, along with conducting Deimos flyby observations and monitoring Mars's climate. The mission aims to provide key information to help determine whether
Martian_Moons_eXploration
Study of the Earth's atmosphere
research projects and weather modeling involving atmospheric physics. The U.S. National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center also carries out studies of the
Atmospheric_science
Terra on Mars
seen by HiRISE. The ice-rich mantle may be the result of climate changes. Changes in Mars's orbit and tilt cause significant changes in the distribution
Terra_Cimmeria
2020 Interplanetary mission by China to place an orbiter, lander, and rover on Mars
Chinese Mars orbiter, never left Earth orbit Astrobiology – Science concerned with life in the universe Climate of Mars Exploration of Mars ESTRACK –
Tianwen-1
American physicist and researcher
mission to Mars. Luhmann led the heliospheric science activity for the National Science Foundation-sponsored Center for Space Weather Modeling. Selected
Janet_Luhmann
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MARS CLIMATE-MODELING-CENTER
MARS CLIMATE-MODELING-CENTER
MARS CLIMATE-MODELING-CENTER
MARS CLIMATE-MODELING-CENTER
MARS CLIMATE-MODELING-CENTER