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1976 trial and execution of Western mercenaries in Luanda during the Angolan Civil War
The Luanda Trial was a trial held in Luanda, Angola, in June 1976 during the Angolan Civil War. Fourteen Western mercenaries were sentenced to either
Luanda_Trial
Cypriot-born British mercenary (1951–1976)
was a Greek Cypriot turned-mercenary who was executed following the Luanda Trial for activities during the Angolan Civil War after being captured by MPLA
Costas_Georgiou
American mercenary (1954–2001)
American mercenary who was sentenced to 16 years in prison during the Luanda Trial, of which he served 7. Gary Acker was born in 1954 to Joyce and Carl
Gary_Acker
2001 United Nations treaty
July 1976. The Luanda Trial in June 1976 significantly elevated African states' urgency to confront mercenary actions. The public trial and execution of
United Nations Mercenary Convention
United_Nations_Mercenary_Convention
Political party in Angola
Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile African independence movements Luanda Trial "Colonel" Callan Charlie Christodoulou Peter McAleese, Angolan War mercenary
National Liberation Front of Angola
National_Liberation_Front_of_Angola
Greek Cypriot-born British mercenary executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial for activities during the civil war phase of the Angolan War of Independence
List_of_mercenaries
British politician and trade unionist (1948–2022)
Trades Union Congress. Dromey attended the 1976 "Luanda Trial" a.k.a. "Mercenaries' Trial" in Luanda, Angola, as an "observer". As secretary of the local
Jack_Dromey
Angolan professional cycling team
As of 6 July 2020. 2019 Stage 1 Tour du Faso, Team time trial "BAI Sicasal Petro de Luanda". UCI.org. Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived from the
BAI–Sicasal–Petro_de_Luanda
is... considered a target and will not be spared" from their attacks. Luanda Trial Burke, Kyle (2018). Revolutionaries for the Right: Anticommunist Internationalism
Mercenaries in the Angolan Civil War
Mercenaries_in_the_Angolan_Civil_War
Soldier who fights for hire
Angola led the judges to send him to face the firing squad following the Luanda Trial. Nine others were imprisoned. Three more were executed: American Daniel
Mercenary
relations of the United Kingdom Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations Luanda Trial Angola; United Kingdom (14 October 1977). "Diplomatic relations between
Angola–United Kingdom relations
Angola–United_Kingdom_relations
Combatant who is deemed not to be protected by the Geneva Conventions
combatants were executed, after a regularly constituted court, was the Luanda Trial as mercenaries. Two separate issues to be determined in evaluating the
Unlawful_combatant
Day of the year
sentences US and UK mercenaries to death sentences and prison terms in the Luanda Trial. 1978 – The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University
June_28
Representation of mercenaries in media
is Costas Georgiou also called Col. Callan who was executed after the Luanda Trial in 1976. American singer-songwriter Harry Chapin recorded a song entitled
Mercenaries in popular culture
Mercenaries_in_popular_culture
Day of the year
(one American and three British) are executed in Angola following the Luanda Trial. 1978 – President Moktar Ould Daddah of Mauritania is ousted in a bloodless
July_10
Railway line in Angola
The Luanda Railway (sometimes called Angola Railway) is a 424 km (263 mi) single-track Cape gauge railway line from the Angolan capital of Luanda to Malanje
Luanda_Railway
three British citizens) and nine to long-term imprisonment during the Luanda Trial. UN Mercenary Convention Unlawful combatant Arms trade FNLA, reinforced
Security_Advisory_Services
British Army soldier and mercenary recruiter (born 1945)
Liberation Front of Angola were captured and sentenced to death during the Luanda Trial. Banks did not appear to have any sympathy for their fate and said to
John Banks (mercenary recruiter)
John_Banks_(mercenary_recruiter)
British lawyer
observers, the "Luanda Trial", sometimes called "the Mercenaries' Trial", held by the then recently-victorious MPLA government in Luanda, Angola. He became
Stephen_Sedley
Calendar year
and one American, are shot by firing squad in Angola, following the Luanda Trial. Seveso disaster: An explosion at a chemical plant in Seveso, Italy,
1976
Portuguese whistleblower
creator of the Football Leaks website, and responsible for Malta Files and Luanda Leaks revelations. Pinto created the Football Leaks website in September
Rui_Pinto
colony of Angola and worked in the Luanda railroad company where he became an activist organizing the Union of Luanda's Workers.[citation needed] In 1926
Bento_António_Gonçalves
Angolan politician (1926–2008)
Chancellor of the Luanda Archdiocese, and as a member of the African Society of Culture. He died on February 23, 2008, at his home in Luanda following a long
Joaquim_Pinto_de_Andrade
Ambundu queen in Angola (c. 1583–1663)
entered into an alliance with the Dutch West India Company who had captured Luanda from the Portuguese. Between 1641 and 1644, Njinga was able to reclaim large
Nzinga_of_Ndongo_and_Matamba
Angolan footballer (born 1986)
footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Girabola club Atlético Petróleos de Luanda and the Angola national team. Born in Fão, Esposende, Portugal to an Angolan
Hugo_Marques
Brazilian footballer
Angolan club Petro de Luanda. Born in Brasília, Federal District, Tiago Reis joined Goiás' youth setup in 2015, after impressing on a trial. In 2017 he moved
Tiago_Reis
jury. The Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo), founded in 1985 and based in Luanda, hears appeals from the lower courts. It is divided into three chambers
Judiciary_of_Angola
Chilean road cyclist
Editorial. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 15 December 2013. "BAI Sicasal Petro de Luanda". UCI.org. Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived from the original on
Carlos_Oyarzún
Angolan-Portuguese businessman
thirty-nine hotels, multiple condominiums in the Praia do Bispo neighborhood of Luanda, and a 49% stake in Standard Bank de Angola. His wife called this imprisonment
Carlos_de_São_Vicente
Angolan private airline
Angola, specifically at Quatro de Fevereiro Airport in the nation's capital, Luanda. It was established in September 2018 by a "Portuguese agency" and "backed
Fly_Angola
Angolan bicycle racer
Continental team BAI–Sicasal–Petro de Luanda. 2006 1st Time trial, National Road Championships 2007 1st Time trial, National Road Championships 2010 National
Igor_Silva_(cyclist)
2024 International Criminal Court warrants
civilians in Gaza" for Benjamin Netanyahu, Yoav Gallant and Mohammed Deif. Pre-Trial Chamber I stated that it found reasonable grounds that from "at least 8
ICC arrest warrants for Israeli leaders
ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders
1990s political scandal in France
French Socialist Party Southern Africa expert, and asked him to come to Luanda. When he came back, Curial, supportive of dos Santos, contacted members
Mitterrand–Pasqua_affair
Angolan investigative journalist and anti-corruption activist
De Morais Wins Freedom Of Expression Award Days Ahead Of Defamation Trial In Luanda". Forbes.com. 2015. Archived from the original on 22 March 2015. Retrieved
Rafael_Marques_de_Morais
South African former political prisoner (born 1951)
staying with friends in Johannesburg before meeting up with them again at Luanda airport to fly out of Angola. Lee and Jenkin appeared at a press conference
Stephen Lee (South African activist)
Stephen_Lee_(South_African_activist)
2011 novel by Guy Saville
Resistencia, a Portuguese anti-Nazi insurgent group, are sent on a trek to Luanda in the face of a German invasion and, more personally, the potential for
The_Afrika_Reich
Angolan basketball player
Basketball League. He previously played for the Kansas Jayhawks. A native of Luanda, Angola, he competed with Montverde Academy and then IMG Academy in high
Silvio_De_Sousa
Angolan cyclist (born 1992)
2024 1st Time trial, National Road Championships "BAI Sicasal Petro de Luanda". UCI.org. Union Cycliste Internationale. Archived from the original on
Dário_António
Borac Čačak. He was murdered during an armed robbery on 3 November 1995, in Luanda, Angola. A body found in Greece and thought to be a murder victim was believed
List of unsolved murders (1980–1999)
List_of_unsolved_murders_(1980–1999)
Angolan footballer (born 1983)
professional, Manucho signed for Benfica de Luanda, a mid-table club in the Angolan league. He then moved to Luanda-based side Petro Atlético, where he initially
Manucho
President of Angola. It is also responsible for the defense of the capital of Luanda. The special unit specializes in house warfare. The group consists of both
Presidential Guard Unit (Angola)
Presidential_Guard_Unit_(Angola)
American serial killer (born 1953)
February 7, 2019. Minsker, Evan (February 2, 2014). "R.I.P. Chain Gang's Ricky Luanda". Pitchfork. Retrieved January 27, 2018. Reighley, Kurt (1998). Marilyn
David_Berkowitz
French businessman (born 19 March 1954)
Group and has over 2600 employees and three main operations in Beijing, Luanda, and Mexico City. Pierre Falcone is married to former Miss Bolivia and artist
Pierre_Falcone
1975–present conflict in the Angolan exclave of Cabinda
Kongo ethnic group that inhabits the region from the Dande River north of Luanda. There are six main subgroups that live in Cabinda, the Vili, Kakongo, Woyo
Cabinda_War
President of South Africa from 2009 to 2018
international opportunities". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 12 January 2022. Mpungose, Luanda (22 February 2018). "South Africa's foreign policy under Zuma: towards greater
Jacob_Zuma
Minimum age at which a person can legally purchase or drink alcoholic beverages
minimum age to purchase alcohol in Africa is 18. However, Angola (except Luanda Province), Central African Republic, Comoros, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau
Legal_drinking_age
Uruguayan road racing cyclist
Burgos Burpellet BH. 2018 1st Time trial, National Under-23 Road Championships 1st Stage 4 Rutas de América 4th Time trial, Pan American Under-23 Road Championships
Eric_Fagúndez
British prince (born 1984)
trip to Angola in 2019, the Duke visited the Born Free to Shine project in Luanda, an initiative by First Lady Ana Dias Lourenço which aims to "prevent HIV
Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex
First Lady of Gabon
has been released from detention and has gone to Angola. She arrived in Luanda, Angola, with her husband, former president Ali Bongo Ondimba, and their
Sylvia_Bongo_Ondimba
2023 Netflix docudrama
Drawing of Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba in Luanda, Angola
African_Queens
2025 ceasefire agreement in the Yemeni civil war
Sea crisis (2023–present) Attacks Galaxy Leader MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda MV Rubymar MV True Confidence MV Tutor 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
2025 United States–Houthi ceasefire
2025_United_States–Houthi_ceasefire
very small community of Jews lives in Angola mostly in the capital city of Luanda with a handful scattered elsewhere of mixed origins and backgrounds. There
History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
Attacks on religious sites during the Israeli invasion of Gaza
Attacks_on_religious_sites_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_Gaza
2023 stabbing of a child in Plainfield, Illinois
who was Shahin's landlord, was arrested and charged with five counts. His trial was February 24–28, 2025. He was convicted of all charges, including murder
Murder_of_Wadea_al-Fayoume
Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968
universities in the overseas provinces of Angola and Mozambique (the University of Luanda and the University of Lourenço Marques). In 1971, it recognised the Portuguese
António_de_Oliveira_Salazar
1966–1990 war between South Africa and PLAN
defeats on the FNLA and UNITA, which were driven out of the Angolan capital, Luanda. Weapons pour into the country in the form of Russian help to the MPLA.
South_African_Border_War
2025 Israel–Hamas ceasefire agreement
HaMoked, with about 3,500 of those held in administrative detention without trial. Some of the released prisoners were seen with protruding cheekbones, showing
Gaza_peace_plan
Slave trade between Africa and the West
The majority of the Africans working in the plantations were from the Luanda region in Central Africa. The first enslaved Africans to reach what would
Atlantic_slave_trade
Bissau-Guinean footballer (born 1991)
twice before he left for Metz two years later. After playing for Benfica Luanda in Angola, he returned to Portugal in the summer of 2016, when he joined
Amido_Baldé
Violations of the laws of war during the Gaza war
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
War_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
2025 US order sanctioning the International Criminal Court
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
Executive_Order_14203
Angolan victim of far-right violence (1962–1990)
1962 in the town of Quimbele, in Uíge Province, northeast of the capital Luanda, as the oldest of 12 children to Helena Alfonso and Antonio Makeueng. His
Amadeu_Antonio
Diplomatic meeting in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
Gaza_peace_summit
Palestinian militant leader in Gaza (1993–2025)
2025, Gaza's interior ministry ordered Abu Shabab to surrender to face trial on charges of treason. The ministry said that a "Revolutionary Court" had
Yasser_Abu_Shabab
Arrest and detention of Palestinians since October 2023
As of August 2023, 1,200 Palestinians were held without any charges or trial, in a practice referred to as "administrative detention"; Israel justifies
Mass detentions in the Gaza war
Mass_detentions_in_the_Gaza_war
Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip
Fadi (21 November 2024). "Situation in the State of Palestine: ICC Pre-Trial Chamber I rejects the State of Israel's challenges to jurisdiction and issues
Gaza_genocide
French cyclist
rides for UCI Continental team BAI–Sicasal–Petro de Luanda. He rode in the men's team time trial at the 2015 UCI Road World Championships. 2010 1st Stage
Thomas_Vaubourzeix
Political activist
and, via contact with FRELIMO, to Angola, where from the ANC office in Luanda they were able to make phone calls to their families, and were also given
Alex_Moumbaris
Halt to 2026 Lebanon war
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
2026_Israel–Lebanon_ceasefire
Retrieved 2022-12-10. "Unitel launches 'NetCasa' 5G fixed wireless broadband in Luanda". TeleGeography. 2022-12-09. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved
List_of_5G_NR_networks
U.S. airstrike on a Yemeni oil terminal
Sea crisis (2023–present) Attacks Galaxy Leader MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda MV Rubymar MV True Confidence MV Tutor 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
2025 Ras Isa oil terminal airstrikes
2025_Ras_Isa_oil_terminal_airstrikes
Angolan businessman (born 1978)
Jose Filomeno de Sousa dos Santos was born 9 January 1978, and raised in Luanda, Angola's capital, son of Filomena Sousa and Angola's former President José
José_Filomeno_dos_Santos
Violations of laws of war
surrendering or wounded people instead of giving the benefit of a fair trial. Regarding summary executions in Gaza, Middlesex University professor William
Israeli war crimes in the Gaza war
Israeli_war_crimes_in_the_Gaza_war
Armed conflict in the Middle East
Sea crisis (2023–present) Attacks Galaxy Leader MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda MV Rubymar MV True Confidence MV Tutor 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
United States support for Israel in the Gaza war
United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war
Russian-Israeli journalist and human rights activist (born 1998)
refused language support on his trial despite his limited skills in Hebrew; he also denounced last-minute changes to his trial locations, which he claims had
Andrey_X
Palestinian politician (born 1959)
Inter-Parliamentary Union report found that Barghouti was not given a fair trial and questioned the quality of the evidence. Despite his imprisonment, Barghouti
Marwan_Barghouti
Russian Navy landing ship
with the aircraft carrier Minsk from Europe to the Pacific, calling at Luanda in Angola, Maputo in Mozambique, Port Louis in Mauritius, and Aden in the
Russian landing ship Ivan Rogov
Russian_landing_ship_Ivan_Rogov
Alexandre do Nascimento, 99, Angolan Roman Catholic cardinal, archbishop of Luanda (1986–2001) and Lubango (1977–1986), bishop of Malanje (1975–1977). Bobby
Deaths_in_September_2024
Angolan footballer (born 1993)
qualifiers, and scored his first goal in the return leg, a 2−1 victory in Luanda that qualified the team to the group phase. As of match played 11 December
Fábio_Abreu
2010 terrorist attack in Cabinda Province, Angola
aftermath of the attack, members of the Mozambique national team flying into Luanda asked for assurances of protection. Togo was due to play its first game
Togo national football team attack
Togo_national_football_team_attack
Angolan footballer
the Angola national team. Born in Luanda, Luvumbo began his career with Primeiro de Agosto, and underwent a trial with English club Manchester United's
Zito_Luvumbo
Type of anti-ship weapon
were hit are: MV Swan Atlantic MV Gibraltar Eagle MV Zografia MV Marlin Luanda Greek-owned bulk carrier Star Nasia MV Rubymar A drone and an ASBM were
Anti-ship_ballistic_missile
destroyers INS Visakhapatnam and USS Carney. The fire suffered by the Marlin Luanda tanker was caused by a missile fired from Yemen. It was brought under control
Timeline of the Red Sea crisis
Timeline_of_the_Red_Sea_crisis
US attack in Yemen
Sea crisis (2023–present) Attacks Galaxy Leader MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda MV Rubymar MV True Confidence MV Tutor 2024 Houthi drone attack on Israel
2025_Saada_prison_airstrike
Effron, Lauren (3 June 2016). "Cal Harris Says Acquittal After 4th Murder Trial Was 'Total Relief,' How He and Kids Are Moving Forward". ABC News. Retrieved
List of people who disappeared mysteriously (2000–present)
List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously_(2000–present)
Political international of socialist, social democratic and labour parties
14 July 2012. Lamb & Docherty 2006, p. 37. "Meeting of the SI Council in Luanda, Angola 27–28 November 2015". Socialist International. "L'Action Internationale"
Socialist_International
Palestinian and American detainee (born 2009)
States government to intervene on his behalf. Ibrahim, who was held without trial and denied family visitation during his detention, was released in late
Detention of Mohammed Zaher Ibrahim
Detention_of_Mohammed_Zaher_Ibrahim
Racial and multi-ethnic group
with them. South Africa sent recruiters to Salisbury, Nairobi, Bulawayo, Luanda, and Brazzaville to assist and convince the White Congolese to settle in
White people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
White_people_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo
Leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2011
trials, resulting in hundreds of executions. Although popular domestically, critics—in particular the US press, argued that many were not fair trials
Fidel_Castro
Ownership of people as property
shores were forced to embark at West Central African ports, especially in Luanda (in present-day Angola). Today, with the exception of Nigeria, the country
Slavery
Israel's bombing campaign against Gaza health facilities
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
Attacks on health facilities during the Gaza war
Attacks_on_health_facilities_during_the_Gaza_war
Cuban general (1930–1989)
critical campaign against the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in Luanda, Angola, where he won the respect of both Soviet and Cuban commanders. In
Arnaldo_Ochoa
ICC issued arrest warrants for Benjamin Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant. Pre-Trial Chamber I stated that it found reasonable grounds that from "8 October 2023
Israeli_war_crimes
South African former spy
Following her escape, Forsyth spent six months hiding in the British embassy in Luanda. Olivia Forsyth was born in Kensington, London, England, in May 1960, to
Olivia_Forsyth
attacks on commercial vessels Attacks on the MV Maersk Hangzhou Marlin Luanda missile strike Attacks on the Sounion Operation Poseidon Archer July 2024
Palestinian_war_crimes
Nigerian head of state (1976–79; 1999–2007)
Obasanjo led a Nigerian delegation to an MPLA anniversary celebration in Luanda, where he declared: "This is a symbolic date, marking the beginning of the
Olusegun_Obasanjo
solitary confinement for two or more days even before the beginning of a trial. Palestinian human rights group Addameer has concluded that throwing stones
Palestinian genocide allegations
Palestinian_genocide_allegations
Hostages taken into Gaza (2023–2026)
that allows Israel to detain Palestinians indefinitely without charges or trial. Israel justifies this practice citing security reasons. Hamas has used
Gaza_war_hostage_crisis
Military unit
coasts. Despite the presence of the Soviet Navy 30th Operational Squadron in Luanda, including Tu-95RT reconnaissance aircraft, the South African Navy frequently
Angolan_Navy
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