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Psychometric measurement scale
A Likert scale (/ˈlɪkərt/ LIK-ərt,) is a psychometric scale named after its inventor, American social psychologist Rensis Likert, which is commonly used
Likert_scale
Topics referred to by the same term
Likert may refer to: Rensis Likert (1903–1981), American educator and organizational psychologist best known for his research on management styles Likert
Likert
American social psychologist (1903–1981)
Likert (/ˈlɪkərt/ LIK-ərt; August 5, 1903 – September 3, 1981) was an American organizational and social psychologist known for developing the Likert
Rensis_Likert
Classification of management styles
Likert's management systems are descriptions of management styles developed by Rensis Likert in the 1960s. He outlined four systems of management to describe
Likert's_management_systems
Personality psychometric
The MACH-IV is a 20 question self-report Likert scale psychometric designed to test levels of Machiavellianism in individuals. In personality psychology
MACH-IV_(test)
Personality construct
figure outside of bearing his name. Their Mach IV test, a 20-question, Likert-scale personality survey, became the standard self-assessment tool and scale
Machiavellianism_(psychology)
American organizational theorist (1936–2026)
"mindfulness", and "sensemaking" into organizational studies. He was the Rensis Likert Distinguished University Professor at the Ross School of Business at the
Karl_E._Weick
Psychological assessment tool
scale (social sciences); the BAI is an ordinal scale; more specifically, a Likert scale that measures the scale quality of magnitude of anxiety. Aaron T.
Beck_Anxiety_Inventory
Patient-reported outcome for scoring erection hardness
The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) is a single-item Likert scale used to assess the subjective hardness of the penis as reported by the patient. It ranges
Erection_Hardness_Score
Scale of perceived exhaustion
preserved. The Borg scale can be compared to other linear scales such as the Likert scale or a visual analogue scale. The sensitivity and reproducibility of
Rating_of_perceived_exertion
Attribute of a survey scoring scale
constant value. Sometimes called a forced-choice scale, this measure contrasts Likert-type scales in which respondents score—often from 1 to 5—how much they agree
Ipsative
Public university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.
Staiger, PhD '85, and Eban Goodstein, PhD '89; and survey researchers Rensis Likert, BA '26, and Joanne Hsu, PhD '11. Michigan alumni have founded or cofounded
University_of_Michigan
Psychometric scale used in questionnaires
in questionnaires. Developed in response to the problems associated with Likert scales, phrase completions are concise, unidimensional measures that tap
Phrase_completions
Likert scale in systems engineering
engineering, the system usability scale (SUS) is a simple, ten-item attitude Likert scale giving a global view of subjective assessments of usability. It was
System_usability_scale
Psychometric response scale
aspect of the scale differentiates it from discrete scales such as the Likert scale. There is evidence showing that visual analogue scales have superior
Visual_analogue_scale
Statistical data type
underlying attribute. A well-known example of ordinal data is the Likert scale. An example of a Likert scale is: Examples of ordinal data are often found in questionnaires:
Ordinal_data
Paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests
each item is equally difficult. This distinguishes IRT from, for instance, Likert scaling, in which "All items are assumed to be replications of each other
Item_response_theory
Empirical method used in Linguistics
"warm - cold"). Compared to other measurement scaling techniques such as Likert scaling, the SD can be assumed to be relatively reliable, valid, and robust
Semantic_differential
Type of informational measurement scale
In the social sciences, particularly psychology, common examples are the Likert response scale and 0-10 rating scales, where a person selects the number
Rating_scale
Composition technique
images and films, and has also been supported through data gathered using a Likert-scale questionnaire. Returning to Smith's perspective, his discussion of
Rule_of_thirds
Psychometric screening tool
Worse/More than Usual. These responses can be scored using the Likert or GHQ scale. Using the Likert scale the response choices are given the values 0, 1, 2
General_Health_Questionnaire
Topics referred to by the same term
levels of achievement Star (classification), symbols often used for ratings Likert scale, a psychometric scale commonly involved in research Parental Advisory
Rating
Medical diagnostic method
question about an individual's behavior and require the rater to respond on a Likert-type rating scale. On the basis of the 25 items, the QABF produces scores
Questions About Behavior Function
Questions_About_Behavior_Function
U.S. state
election, a political analyst found that according to the application of a Likert scale, Oregon had the most liberal Kerry voters and the most conservative
Oregon
structured such that examinees have only a limited set of options (e.g. Likert scale, true or false). Structuring a measure in this way is intended to
Objective_test
Concept in social psychology
association, and a check-list form. In addition, a fourth method based on a Likert scale with anchors such as "very favorable" and "very unfavorable", has
Impression_formation
Psychological measure of empathy
Scholar. IRI is a self-report comprising 28-items answered on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "Does not describe me well" to "Describes me very well"
Interpersonal Reactivity Index
Interpersonal_Reactivity_Index
Theory and technique of psychological measurement
Educational psychology Factor analysis Flynn effect Item response theory Likert scale List of international databases on individual student achievement
Psychometrics
Self-report mood disorder questionnaire
questionnaires with a total of 42 items. Each question is rated on a four-point Likert scale of either frequency or severity of the participants' experiences over
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
Depression_Anxiety_Stress_Scales
Offensive personality types
test, with 9 questions measuring each trait. It is answered on a 5 point Likert scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree. It was created as an alternative
Dark_triad
The linking pin model is an idea developed by Rensis Likert. It presents an organisation as a number of overlapping work units in which a member of a unit
Linking_pin_model
Support group
continues to adapt over time. In 1991, Charles Whitfield published a 38-item Likert-type checklist based on the 1989 version of the CoDA pamphlet, "What is
Co-Dependents_Anonymous
Component model of moral development
Defining Issues Test is a proprietary self-report measure which uses a Likert-type scale to give quantitative ratings and rankings to issues surrounding
Defining_Issues_Test
Research measure of psychopathy
The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy scale (LSRP) is a 26-item, 4-point Likert scale, self-report inventory to measure primary and secondary psychopathy
Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale
Levenson_Self-Report_Psychopathy_Scale
Research conducted by social scientists
attitudes towards religion. In 1932, the psychologist Rensis Likert developed the Likert scale where participants rate their agreement with statement
Social_research
Type of psychological test
depression versus a control group. Items may use any of several formats: a Likert scale with ranked options, true-false, or forced choice, although other
Self-report_inventory
Psychological construct
version of the FNE consisting of twelve original questions on a 5-point Likert scale (BFNE). Scale scores range from 12 (low FNE) to 60 (high FNE). Both
Fear_of_negative_evaluation
American econometrician (1915-2003)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Richard_Loree_Anderson
Special kind of question inserted in a questionnaire among the regular questions
questionnaires. A number of larger blue circles are arranged according to a Likert scale from (say) "very rarely" to "very frequently". Participants who ignore
Instructional manipulation check
Instructional_manipulation_check
American civil servant and economist
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Charles_P._Neill
function Kurt Lewin, social psychology David Lewis Marc Lewis Rensis Likert, Likert Scale Marsha M. Linehan Elizabeth Loftus, memory Konrad Lorenz Alexander
List_of_psychologists
Branch of knowledge relating physical stimuli and psychological perception
Such multiple-category layouts are often misnamed Likert scaling after the question items used by Likert to create multi-item psychometric scales, e.g.,
Psychophysics
Psychological measurement instrument
grouped into three corresponding subscales. Responses are recorded using a Likert-type scale, and scores may be calculated for each subscale as well as for
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Multidimensional_Scale_of_Perceived_Social_Support
Hungarian-American statistician and survey methodologist
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Leslie_Kish
American physician
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Edward_Jarvis_(physician)
Form of pseudoscientific counseling intervention
their reaction on a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) – i.e., a Likert scale for subjective measures of distress, calibrated 0 to 10 – then repeating
Emotional_Freedom_Techniques
Measure of quality of a stimulus or system
acquired using a categorical rating scales, it is based on – similar to Likert scales – an ordinal scale. In this case, the ranking of the scale items
Mean_opinion_score
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
consistently predicted these outcomes under both conditions; however, the Likert questionnaire lost its predictive ability in the faking condition. Thus
Big_Five_personality_traits
Diagnostic rating scale
both versions of the assessment, each criterion is rated on a five-point Likert scale, from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (severe symptoms). The sum of scores from
Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder
Zanarini_Rating_Scale_for_Borderline_Personality_Disorder
Type of bias
extreme options or answers available. For example, in a survey utilizing a Likert scale with potential responses ranging from one to five, the respondent
Response_bias
Medical diagnostic method
which respondents rate in terms of their frequency or severity using a Likert-type scale ranging from 0 (not at all or only one time) to 3 (almost always
PTSD Symptom Scale – Self-Report Version
PTSD_Symptom_Scale_–_Self-Report_Version
One's internal beliefs about oneself
use in other populations, such as adults. This inventory comprises ten Likert scale items that assess one's level of self-confidence (or personal satisfaction)
Self-concept
Identity and Wellbeing Scale (PIWBS) is a self-report inventory with a Likert scale format, designed to assess five distinct dimensions of identity and
The Pacific Identity and Wellbeing Scale
The_Pacific_Identity_and_Wellbeing_Scale
Love typology by J. A. Lee
complicated design of the Love Story Card Sort. Answers on the LAS are given with Likert-type scales, ranging from 1 for "strongly agree" to 5 for "strongly disagree"
Colour_wheel_theory_of_love
Inventory test used to research gender roles
personality traits which participants rate themselves based on a 7-point Likert scale. Traits are evenly dispersed, 20 masculine, 20 feminine, and 20 filler
Bem_Sex-Role_Inventory
American statistician (1910–1990)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Morris_H._Hansen
respondents to express indecision or lack of knowledge. Some pollsters also used Likert-style questions to allow respondents to express how strong their opinion
2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum
Philosophical term on species treatment
Psychologists have also studied speciesism as a measurable attitude, using Likert-scale instruments. These studies have found that speciesism is a relatively
Speciesism
Electoral systems with independent candidate ratings
Psychological research has shown that cardinal ratings (on a numerical or Likert scale, for instance) convey more information than ordinal rankings in measuring
Rated_voting
Subfield of sociology
attitudes toward other groups. These studies also led to the development of the Likert scale and sociometric techniques. The US has developed psychological warfare
Sociology_of_small_groups
American survey statistician and biostatistician
statistician and biostatistician who works in distance education, the theory of Likert scales, antibacterial treatments, and meta-analysis of medical trials. She
I._Elaine_Allen
Medical condition
a 10-item survey that requires self-reported responses on a seven-point Likert scale. There is also a separate scale geared towards children called the
Neophobia
Focused attention on one's mental distress
Sadness Scale is a self-report tool consisting of 13 items that uses the Likert Scale to measure rumination of sadness. The 31-item Repetitive Thinking
Rumination_(psychology)
German-American statistician (1912–1980)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Herman_Otto_Hartley
Psychological theory describing the evolution of moral reasoning
efforts to improve the validity criteria by using a quantitative test, the Likert scale, to rate moral dilemmas similar to Kohlberg's. It also used a large
Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
Lawrence_Kohlberg's_stages_of_moral_development
questionnaire consists of nine items and one example item. On a four-point Likert scale, respondents indicate the degree to which they expect negative societal
Stig-9
American mathematician
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Ronald_L._Iman
American economist (born 1871)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Edward_Dana_Durand
Medical diagnostic method
one or two weeks prior to taking the test. Each question is scored on a Likert-type scale of 1–4 (based on these replies: "a little of the time", "some
Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale
Zung_Self-Rating_Anxiety_Scale
Psychological assessment tool
related to sleep. The P-GBI is an adaptation of the GBI, consisting of 73 Likert scale items rated on a scale from 0 ("Never or Hardly Ever") to 3 ("Very
General_Behavior_Inventory
Study of survey methods
portal Data Documentation Initiative Enterprise feedback management (EFM) Likert scale Official statistics Paid survey Quantitative marketing research Questionnaire
Survey_methodology
present general health and gives answer choices, typically structured like a Likert Scale. The self-rated health question may take different forms. It may be
Self-rated_health
American statistician
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Helen_M._Walker
Concept around which an attitude is formed and changes over time
heavily on the specific object they target. Researchers like Thurstone and Likert were among the first to emphasize the importance of clearly identifying
Attitude_object
Regression model for ordinal dependent variables
worsened symptoms, or death.[citation needed] Another example application are Likert-type items commonly employed in survey research, where respondents rate
Ordered_logit
Class of personality tests
out in the scoring booklet. Compared to positivist instruments, such as Likert-type scales, sentence completion tests tend to have high face validity (i
Sentence_completion_tests
Luke's College of Medicine William H. Quasha Memorial. Worked with Rensis Likert on the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test. Known for his 1964 trip
List_of_Freemasons_(E–Z)
Form of sexual dysfunction in males
Erection Hardness Score The Erection Hardness Score (EHS) is a single-item Likert scale used to assess the subjective hardness of the penis as reported by
Erectile_dysfunction
Measurement model
successive integers. For example, the model is applicable to the use of Likert scales, rating scales, and to educational assessment items for which successively
Polytomous_Rasch_model
American mathematician
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Jerome_Cornfield
American economist
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Malcolm_C._Rorty
American economist (1876-1929)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Allyn_Abbott_Young
American statistician (born 1957)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Robert_Santos
American statistician (died 2024)
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Katherine_Wallman
Personality trait
McCroskey and Virginia P. Richmond constructed the Talkaholic Scale, a Likert-type model, to help identify those who are compulsive talkers. A score of
Compulsive_talking
Statistical hypothesis test
changes, so tables of p-values can no longer be used. When the data is on a Likert scale with equally spaced categories, the signed-rank zero procedure is
Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test
Health effects of excessive computer use
computers". Computer anxiety is mainly assessed by self-report scales using Likert-type formats. Age, gender, and computer experience are thought to be associated
Cyberpathology
American psychologist
scale includes ten items answered by indicating agreement on a 7-point Likert-type scale (from 1= very untrue, to 7 = very true). The last three items
Laura_L._Carstensen
Japanese psychometrician (born 1930)
measurement, particularly in improving the accuracy of tests involving Likert-scale questions and other graded responses. She published her seminal paper
Fumiko_Samejima
Academic study series
studies commenced at the University of Michigan in the 1950s by Rensis Likert, with the objective of identifying the principles and types of leadership
Michigan Studies of Leadership
Michigan_Studies_of_Leadership
Medical diagnostic method
aspects (for example, refusal to eat). The items are scored on a three-point Likert type scale from ‘0’ (never) to ‘3’ (often) observed items on the scale.
Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Scale
Edinburgh_Feeding_Evaluation_in_Dementia_Scale
Perceived beauty of an 'averaged' face
component faces, were rated for attractiveness by 300 judges on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unattractive, 5 = very attractive). The 32-composite face
Averageness
Important aspect of overall job performance
items from the previous taxonomy. Items are measured by supervisors on a Likert scale, from one to five. A few sample items are: The employee voluntarily
Contextual_performance
Intermediate management level of a hierarchy
Journal of Sociology. 129 (2): 439–484. doi:10.1086/727145. ISSN 0002-9602. Likert, R (1961). New Patterns of Management. New-York: McGraw-Hill. Barnard, Chester
Middle_management
American banker and diplomat
Mary Cox (1956) William R. Leonard (1957) Walter E. Hoadley (1958) Rensis Likert (1959) Morris H. Hansen (1960) Martin R. Gainsbrugh (1961) Philip Hauser
Warren_Randolph_Burgess
Field of psychology
experimental aesthetics, such as pairwise comparisons, rank order methods, Likert scales and semantic differentials, production methods, statistical comparisons
Experimental_aesthetics
Feeding or eating disorder
assess the presence of ARFID. Across nine items that are scored on a 6-point Likert scale, the NIAS assesses picky eating, appetite, and fear scale. As of June
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Avoidant/restrictive_food_intake_disorder
Macro theory of human motivation and personality
are you doing things for the environment?'. Each item is scored on a 1–7 Likert scale. Utilizing MTES, Villacorta (2003) demonstrates a correlation between
Self-determination_theory
Medical condition
embitterment and assess the severity of PTED. Answers are given on a five-point Likert scale. An average score of 2.5 identifies with a clinically relevant degree
Post-traumatic embitterment disorder
Post-traumatic_embitterment_disorder
Allied aerial bombing campaign (1940–45)
ISBN 0-517-06501-0. D'Olier, Franklin; Alexander; Ball; Bowman; Galbraith; Likert; McNamee; Nitze; Russell; Searls; Wright (30 September 1945). "The Attack
Oil_campaign_of_World_War_II
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