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Former industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from salt
The Leblanc process was an early industrial process for making soda ash (sodium carbonate) used throughout the 19th century, named after its inventor
Leblanc_process
Chemical compound
produced by the Solvay process, and the last Leblanc process plant closed in the early 1920s. The second step of the Solvay process, heating sodium bicarbonate
Sodium_carbonate
Industrial process
process, invented by Henry Deacon, is a process used during the manufacture of alkalis (the initial end product was sodium carbonate) by the Leblanc process
Deacon_process
{Ca(OH)2(aq) + Na2CO3(s) -> CaCO3 v + 2 NaOH(aq)}}} The Leblanc process, which was invented by Nicolas Leblanc around 1790, begins with the decomposition of sodium
Alkali_manufacture
Method for production of sodium carbonate
remaining being mined from natural deposits. This method superseded the Leblanc process. The name "soda ash" is based on the principal historical method of
Solvay_process
French chemist and surgeon (1742–1806)
Nicolas Leblanc (French pronunciation: [nikɔla ləblɑ̃]; December 6, 1742 – January 16, 1806) was a French chemist and surgeon who discovered how to manufacture
Nicolas_Leblanc
Industry (branch), which is engaged in the manufacturing of chemical products
from sea salt (sodium chloride). The Leblanc process was patented in 1791 by Nicolas Leblanc who then built a Leblanc plant at Saint-Denis. He was denied
Chemical_industry
Industrial process
potassium chloride. The Mannheim process is a stage in the Leblanc process for the production of sodium carbonate. The process is named after Mannheim furnace
Mannheim_process
Chemical compound
ash increased, and Nicolas Leblanc developed a new industrial-scale process for producing the soda ash. In the Leblanc process, salt was converted to soda
Hydrogen_chloride
British chemical manufacturer who was the first to make alkali by the Leblanc process on a large scale in the United Kingdom. James Muspratt was born in
James_Muspratt
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
process was called causticizing. Ca(OH)2(aq) + Na2CO3(s) → CaCO3(s) + 2 NaOH(aq) The sodium carbonate for this reaction was produced by the Leblanc process
Sodium_hydroxide
Process of producing goods
process) Silicon carbide – (Acheson process, Lely process) Sodium carbonate, used for soap – (Leblanc process, Solvay process, Leblanc-Deacon process)
Industrial_processes
Aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride
process developed by Nicolas Leblanc of Issoudun, France enabled inexpensive large-scale production of sodium carbonate (soda ash). In this Leblanc process
Hydrochloric_acid
Chemical compound with formula Na2SO4
increase in line. Therefore, in the 19th century, the large-scale Leblanc process, producing synthetic sodium sulfate as a key intermediate, became the
Sodium_sulfate
Large brown seaweeds in the order Laminariales
amount, kelp ash can be used in soap and glass production. Until the Leblanc process was commercialized in the early 19th century, burning of kelp in Scotland
Kelp
Chemical compound of formula CaS
is also a byproduct in the Leblanc process, a once major industrial process for producing sodium carbonate. In that process sodium sulfide reacts with
Calcium_sulfide
British chemist
to use this Hargreaves-Robinson process. It was cheaper to produce alkali by this process than by the Leblanc process. The Atlas Chemical Company was
James_Hargreaves_(chemist)
Site of Special Scientific Interest in the United Kingdom
alkaline waste from the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by the Leblanc process. The waste, known as 'galligu', was a blue sludge (from reduced iron
Nob_End
Residue powder left after the combustion of wood
solution for soapmaking. However it was not until the invention of the Leblanc process that high quality sodium hydroxide could be mass produced, rendering
Wood_ash
Town in Cheshire, England
land between the Sankey Canal and the railway making alkali by the Leblanc process. This was an ideal site for the factory because all the raw materials
Widnes
1760–1840 agrarian to industrial era shift
goal, and Nicolas Leblanc succeeded in 1791 in introducing a method for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash). The Leblanc process was a reaction
Industrial_Revolution
Chemical element with atomic number 25 (Mn)
later hydrochloric acid from the Leblanc process was used and the manganese dioxide was recycled by the Weldon process. Scheele and others were aware that
Manganese
Limited was a British chemical company formed in 1890, employing the Leblanc process to produce soda ash for the glass, textile, soap, and paper industries
United_Alkali_Company
Sharing of data between running processes in a computer system
maint: location missing publisher (link) Crovella, M.; Bianchini, R.; LeBlanc, T.; Markatos, E.; Wisniewski, R. (1–4 December 1992). Using communication-to-computation
Inter-process_communication
British manufacturing company
The alkali works were the first in England to make soda using the Leblanc process; the ironworks was the first to use Cleveland Ironstone, presaging
Losh,_Wilson_and_Bell
German chemical company
Sodium carbonate (soda) was produced by the Leblanc process until 1880, when the much cheaper Solvay process became available. BASF ceased to make its own
BASF
Belgian chemist, industrialist, philanthropist (1838–1922)
limestone (as a source of calcium carbonate). The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process. Through his friendship with François Hoebeke
Ernest_Solvay
Topics referred to by the same term
containing le blanc La Blanche (disambiguation) Leblanc process, for the production of soda ash Leblanc syndicate, characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2
Le_Blanc_(disambiguation)
Process that leads to chemical changes
sodium chloride. With the development of the lead chamber process in 1746 and the Leblanc process, allowing large-scale production of sulfuric acid and sodium
Chemical_reaction
Hutchinson in Widnes. Wishing to develop a better process for the production of alkali than the Leblanc process, he joined in partnership with John Brunner
Statue_of_Ludwig_Mond
City in New York, United States
limestone (as a source of calcium carbonate). The process was an improvement over the earlier Leblanc process. The Syracuse Solvay plant was the incubator
Syracuse,_New_York
1830s most soap makers were manufacturing their own alkali by the Leblanc process, rather than using alkali from vegetable sources. Joseph Crosfield
Joseph_Crosfield
Reduction of substances using carbon
CO + 18 CaSiO 3 + 2 CaF 2 Of historic interest is the Leblanc process. A key step in this process is the reduction of sodium sulfate with coal: Na2SO4
Carbothermic_reaction
Index of plants with the same common name
glasswort proper around Narbonne, France. The commercialization of the Leblanc process for synthesizing sodium carbonate (from salt, limestone, and sulfuric
Glasswort
Prussian blue deposit formed in soils contaminated by effluents of chemical industry
form which could be re-used on site. Galligu, a contaminant from the Leblanc process of the early sodium carbonate industry Yellow boy, a yellow precipitate
Blue_billy
Philosophy about Earth protection
deleterious air pollution (gaseous hydrochloric acid) given off by the Leblanc process, used to produce soda ash. In industrial cities, local experts and
Environmentalism
Surname list
(1770–1861), English chemist and industrialist credited with introducing the Leblanc process LoSH also stands for: Legion of Super-Heroes This page lists people
Losh
Species of flowering plant
carbonate) for glassmaking and soapmaking. The introduction of the Leblanc process for the industrial production of soda ash in the first half of the
Salicornia_europaea
British chemist and businessman
alkali were doing so by the Leblanc process. In 1838 Harrison Grey Dyar and John Henmming patented an ammonia-soda process of making alkali. Deacon experimented
Henry_Deacon_(industrialist)
British chemist and industrialist (1770 – 1861)
was a chemist and industrialist who is credited with introducing the Leblanc process for the manufacture of alkali to the United Kingdom. Losh worked in
William_Losh
Swiss chemist (1844–1898)
and worked with Deacon to develop a process to convert hydrochloric acid, a waste by-product of the Leblanc process of making alkali, to chlorine which
Ferdinand_Hurter
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
Marseille, France, for the production of sulfuric acid for use in the Leblanc process. In industrializing Britain, with the repeal of tariffs on salt in
Sulfur
Tax on common salt
manufacturers wanting to produce sodium carbonate from common salt through the Leblanc process, rather than extracting it from marine plants such as kelp or barilla
Salt_tax
Technological innovations that have historically increased productivity
of the Leblanc process in 1791, sodium carbonate was made, at high cost, from the ashes of seaweed and the plant barilla. The Leblanc process was replaced
Productivity-improving technologies
Productivity-improving_technologies
Glasgow chemical works
the factory moved to producing crystal and ash soda using the Leblanc process. The process to create alkalis was to add sulfuric acid to salt that produced
St_Rollox_Chemical_Works
Major agrarian crisis in the Scottish Highlands from 1846 to 1857
abolished; by then neither natural source could compete on price with the Leblanc process. "Kelp was formerly a valuable resource of the highland and Irish peasantry
Highland_Potato_Famine
19th-century soap and alkali manufacturers
as kelp. However, by 1830 it was manufactured synthetically by the Leblanc process. In 1836 an enormous chimney at least 102 yards (93 m) high was built
Hazlehurst_&_Sons
Class of environmentally polluting organic compounds
combustion and geological processes. Dioxins were first unintentionally produced as by-products from 1848 onwards as Leblanc process plants started operating
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
Polychlorinated_dibenzodioxins
American businessman and Marine Corps officer
Mike LeBlanc is an American business executive and former United States Marine Corps officer. He co-founded Cobalt Robotics, which developed security
Mike_LeBlanc
Worcestershire. British alkali meant sodium carbonate made by the Leblanc Process. The process involved the use of coal, limestone, salt and sulphuric acid
Gossage
and the River Mersey. In this factory he manufactured alkali by the Leblanc process. He later opened a second alkali factory nearby and developed a number
John Hutchinson (industrialist)
John_Hutchinson_(industrialist)
Species of plant
with "kelping" during the summer months. The commercialization of the Leblanc process for synthesizing sodium carbonate (from salt, limestone, and sulfuric
Soda_inermis
Overview of the air pollution in the UK
amended – to regulate irritant gaseous hydrochloric acid produced in the Leblanc process to make sodium carbonate, but also the sulphuric acid often caused
Air pollution in the United Kingdom
Air_pollution_in_the_United_Kingdom
English chemical industrialist
father's Liverpool factory. These factories manufactured alkali by the Leblanc process. During this time Edmund studied metallurgy at Owens College, Manchester
Edmund_Knowles_Muspratt
set up a factory in Wood End, Widnes, manufacturing alkali by the Leblanc process. Frederic was frequently absent from the factory and in 1867 its management
Frederic_Muspratt
Species of flowering plant in the amaranth family
sources were supplanted by synthetic sodium carbonate produced using the Leblanc process. Prickly Russian thistle Russian globe thistle Tumbleweed Wikimedia
Salsola_kali
Scottish chemist and businessman
companies in Widnes. Its main business was producing alkali by the Leblanc process and they also produced glycerine from soap waste from Gossage's. Later
Neil_Mathieson
British chemist and businessman; established Gossage soap company (1799–1877)
of absorbing the hydrochloric acid gas released as a result of the Leblanc process of manufacturing alkali. He filled a derelict windmill with gorse and
William_Gossage
Canadian politician (born 1967)
Dominic A. LeBlanc (born December 14, 1967) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who serves as President of the King’s Privy Council for Canada, Minister
Dominic_LeBlanc
elements (see periodic table) by Antoine Lavoisier in 1787. Leblanc process by Nicolas Leblanc in 1791. Beryllium by Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin Chromium by
List of French inventions and discoveries
List_of_French_inventions_and_discoveries
American municipal history
limestone as a source of calcium carbonate. The process was an improvement on the earlier Leblanc process. The Syracuse Solvay plant was the incubator for
History_of_Syracuse,_New_York
British chemist and businessman (1839–1909)
developed a method to recover sulphur from the by-products of the Leblanc process, which was used to manufacture soda ash. In 1872 Mond got in touch
Ludwig_Mond
pioneer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nicolas Leblanc (1742–1806) Inventor of the Leblanc process for making sodium carbonate from common salt Frank
List_of_chemical_engineers
Human settlement in Scotland
waste chemicals (particularly hydrogen sulfide, a byproduct of the Leblanc process) until its closure in 1964. The Chemical Works was located on the north
Sighthill,_Glasgow
Chemical plant in Edinburgh, Scotland
commence making black ash and soda ash (sodium carbonate) using the Leblanc process when the salt tax was repealed in 1823. For some years he also made
Bonnington_Chemical_Works
Substance used for cleaning
method of extraction proceeded on a discovery of Keir's. In 1790, Nicolas Leblanc discovered how to make alkali from common salt. Andrew Pears started making
Soap
Chemical compound
in this process. These conditions became possible due to price drops in reagents due to new industrial preparations like the LeBlanc process, where potassium
Synthetic_colorant
Sourcing services or funds from a group
competitions, often rewarded with Montyon Prizes. These included the Leblanc process, or the Alkali prize, where a reward was provided for separating the
Crowdsourcing
Valley in England
mining, or alkaloids from other industrial processes were disposed of locally. Caustic waste from the Leblanc process was dumped on at least two sites - Nob
Irwell_Valley
probably kelp. However, by 1830 he was making his own alkali by the Leblanc process. His venture became very successful and in 1832 his business was in
Thomas Hazlehurst (businessman)
Thomas_Hazlehurst_(businessman)
Semiconductor manufacturing process
The 1 μm process (1 micrometer process) is a level of MOSFET semiconductor process technology that was commercialized around the 1984–1986 timeframe,
1_μm_process
Park in Bristol, England
works produced sulphuric acid (vitriol) and washing soda using the Leblanc process, and later ammonium chloride (sal ammoniac). The industrial landscape
Netham_Park
Canadian soccer player, coach, and manager (born 1980)
Karina Chenelle LeBlanc CM (born March 30, 1980) is an American-born Canadian former professional soccer goalkeeper and former general manager of the
Karina_LeBlanc
Park in Moses Gate, Greater Manchester, England
contamination of the land from the old chemical works with waste from the Leblanc process has resulted in an alkaline soil that now supports a variety of plants
Moses_Gate_Country_Park
Region of England
England. By 1814 the Leblanc process of making alkali from common salt was introduced to Britain. Alkali works using this process opened at Tyne Dock 1822
North_East_England
British industrialist and politician (1842–1919)
manufacture alkali by the process Solvay had developed. The Solvay process produced soda ash more cheaply than the established Leblanc process, from raw materials
Sir_John_Brunner,_1st_Baronet
Set of nuclear fusion reactions
oxygen-burning process can start. Clayton, Donald (1983). Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis. Bibcode:1983psen.book.....C. LeBlanc, Francis
Neon-burning_process
competitions such as the Alkali prize, which lead to the development of the Leblanc Process, and the Longitude Prize. Other early precursors to government crowdsourcing
Government_crowdsourcing
Robert H.; Gaensslen, F. H.; Yu, Hwa-Nien; Rideout, V. L.; Bassous, E.; LeBlanc, A. R. (October 1974). "Design of ion-implanted MOSFET's with very small
List of semiconductor scale examples
List_of_semiconductor_scale_examples
German chemicals company
fertilizer ammonium sulfate begins. In 1866, the factory begins to use the Leblanc process to produce potassium carbonate from sodium chloride. During the Centennial
Chemische_Fabrik_Kalk
John Hutchinson and Sons, a company that pioneered the use of the Leblanc process to produce soda ash, and led to the creation of a large chemical industry
Thomas_Snape
discoveries in "animal electricity" (Galvanism). Nicolas Leblanc patents the Leblanc process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) from common
1791_in_science
British politician
aimed to curb muriatic acid gas emissions from factories using the Leblanc Process. Booth's Alkali Act Amendment Bill came into force on 1 March 1875
George Sclater-Booth, 1st Baron Basing
George_Sclater-Booth,_1st_Baron_Basing
American sitcom
and Shana Goldberg-Meehan. It is a spin-off sequel to Friends, with Matt LeBlanc reprising his role as Joey Tribbiani. It premiered on NBC on September
Joey_(TV_series)
Genus of flowering plants in the family Amaranthaceae
carbonate) for glassmaking and soapmaking. The introduction of the LeBlanc process for industrial production of soda ash superseded the use of plant sources
Salicornia
was formed to protect the interests of the chemical firms using the Leblanc process to manufacture alkali. McKechnie initially hesitated, but then sold
Duncan_McKechnie
Category of plant
PMID 15012198. LaCoste C, Robinson B, Brooks R, Anderson C, Chiarucci A, Leblanc M (2006). "The phytoremediation potential of thallium-contaminated soils
Hyperaccumulator
River estuary between England and Wales
caustic materials, including large heaps of Galligu, a by-product of the LeBlanc process used at the James Muspratt alkali works at Flint. The Dee estuary also
Dee_Estuary
American businessman
was an American businessman, the CEO and co-founder (with Leon Leblanc) of G. Leblanc Corp, an American musical instrument firm based in Kenosha, Wisconsin
Vito_Pascucci
American politician and attorney (born 1977)
whether they can vote or not". Michigan Advance. Retrieved October 16, 2023. LeBlanc, Beth. "Dem group files third voting rights lawsuit, this one targeting
Jocelyn_Benson
Upcoming video game
4, with the final game planned to be made with Unreal Engine 5. Wesley Leblanc of Game Informer felt Nomura was able to realize his vision for Versus
Kingdom_Hearts_IV
British industrialist and Liberal politician (1825-1905)
and commitment to the local area, but his chemical works, using the Leblanc process, caused pollution and imposed harsh working conditions on employees
James_Cochran_Stevenson
Jorge Ramos discusses Hate Rising. 231 October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21) Matt LeBlanc, Joy Bryant & Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton Wyclef Jean The Late
List of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert episodes (2016)
List_of_The_Late_Show_with_Stephen_Colbert_episodes_(2016)
DC Studios film by Craig Gillespie
Cool. Archived from the original on May 10, 2025. Retrieved May 10, 2025. LeBlanc, Xavier (December 24, 2024). "Milly Alcock's Supergirl: Woman of Tomorrow
Supergirl_(2026_film)
2021 US presidential impeachment
original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2021. Diamond, Jeremy; LeBlanc, Paul (January 7, 2021). "White House orders flags lowered to honor late
Second impeachment of Donald Trump
Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump
2026 video game
Out This Summer On Switch 2". Nintendo Life. Retrieved April 21, 2026. LeBlanc, Wesley (June 9, 2026). "Splatoon Raiders Is Getting A Nintendo Direct
Splatoon_Raiders
2019 US presidential impeachment
Archived from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved January 7, 2020. LeBlanc, Paul (December 27, 2019). "Biden reiterates that he won't testify in a
First impeachment of Donald Trump
First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump
Term for media projects stuck in development
Development". pipelineartists.com. Pipeline Artists. Retrieved March 29, 2023. LeBlanc, Wesley. "Video Games Stuck In Development Hell: Part 2". Game Informer
Development_hell
Cognitive capacity of horses
Leblanc (2022, p. 29) Leblanc (2022, p. 35) Leblanc (2022, p. 46) Leblanc (2022, p. 51) Leblanc (2022, p. 52) Brubaker & Udell (2016, p. 125) Leblanc
Equine_intelligence
American television sitcom (1994–2004)
ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry, and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends
Friends
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Irish
From the Meadow Land; Land Lying Fellow
Boy/Male
English
Pasture ground.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : habitational name from Leyland in Lancashire (recorded in Domesday Book as Lailand), or from Laylands in Yorkshire; both are named from Old English lǣge ‘untilled ground’ + land ‘land’, ‘estate’. In some cases the name may be topographical.
Male
Arthurian
, le blanc (the white), a knight.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Blacklache near Leyland, Lancashire, named with Old English blæc ‘black’, ‘dark’ + læc(e) ‘boggy stream’.
Surname or Lastname
French (Jérôme) and English
French (Jérôme) and English : from the medieval
personal name Jérôme (French), Jerome (English),
from Greek HierÅnymos (see Hieronymus). This achieved
some popularity in France and elsewhere, being bestowed in honor of St
Jerome (?347–420), creator of the Vulgate, the standard Latin
version of the Bible.English (of Norman origin) : from a personal
name, Gerram, composed of the Germanic elements gÄr, gÄ“r ‘spear’ + hraban ‘raven’.A Jerome is recorded in Montreal in 1655 with the secondary
surnames Beaune and Leblanc. Another bearer of the name,
from Brittany, is recorded in Montreal in 1705 with the secondary
surname
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a keeper of a lodging house, from late Old English herebeorg ‘shelter’, ‘lodging’ (from here ‘army’ + beorg ‘shelter’). (The change of -er- to -ar- is a regular phonetic process in Old French and Middle English.)Variant of French Arbour.A Harbour or Arbour, from Normandy, France, is documented in Quebec City in 1671.
Girl/Female
Indian
Heavenly flower
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from Old French blanche ‘fair’, ‘white’, feminine form of blanc (see Blanc). The surname may have arisen from a nickname or from a personal name derived from this word.
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English
Meadow Land
Boy/Male
Anglo, Australian, British, English
Protected
Female
Hawaiian
Hawaiian name LEILANI means "heavenly flowers."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : metonymic occupational name for a harpist (see Harper), or occasionally a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a harp.English : habitational name from a minor place such as Harp House in Eastwood, Essex, or South Harp in South Petherton, Somerset, denoting a place where salt was produced, from Old English hearpe ‘harp’, an implement used in the processing of salt. Compare Harpham.German : metonymic occupational name for a harpist, from Middle High German harpfe ‘harp’.German : variant of Harpe.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Layland.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Hawaiian
Heavenly Flowers
Boy/Male
English American
From the meadow land 'Pasture ground.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places named Stanford, for example in Bedfordshire, Kent, and Norfolk, or Stanford Dingley in Berkshire, Stanford in the Vale in Oxfordshire, or Stanford le Hope in Essex, etc., all named from Old English stÄn ‘stone’ + ford ‘ford’.An early bearer, Thomas Stanford of England, settled in Charlestown, MA, in the mid 17th century and started a family line that includes Leland Stanford (1824–93), the railroad developer who was governor of CA, a U.S. senator, and the founding benefactor of Stanford University.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.French : altered form of Blanc.
Boy/Male
African, American, Australian, British, English
From the Meadow Land; Pasture Ground
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, Dutch, and North German
English, Scottish, Dutch, and North German : status name for a champion, Middle English and Middle Low German kempe. In the Middle Ages a champion was a professional fighter on behalf of others; for example the King’s Champion, at the coronation, had the duty of issuing a general challenge to battle to anyone who denied the king’s right to the throne. The Middle English word corresponds to Old English cempa and Old Norse kempa ‘warrior’; both these go back to Germanic campo ‘warrior’, which is the source of the Dutch and North German name, corresponding to High German Kampf.Dutch : metonymic occupational name for someone who grew or processed hemp, from Middle Dutch canep ‘hemp’.
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
LEBLANC PROCESS
a.
Pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, processionary service.
n.
A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
n.
A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the processional was the 202d hymn.
v. i.
To honor with a procession.
a.
Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.
v. i.
To march in procession.
n.
Alt. of Lebban
n.
An officer appointed to procession lands.
n.
That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's procession.
n.
One who takes part in a procession.
n.
A manual of processions; a processional.
n.
A sharp or uneven edge on a board that is cut from a log not perfectly squared, or that is made in the process of squaring. See Wany, a.
n.
A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession.
n.
An old term for litanies which were said in procession and not kneeling.
n.
Coagulated sour milk diluted with water; -- a common beverage among the Arabs. Also, a fermented liquor made of the same.
n.
One who goes or marches in a procession.
n.
The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
n.
A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.