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Boundary stone in the ancient Near East
A kudurru was a type of stone document used as a boundary stone and as a record of land grants to vassals by the Kassites and later dynasties in ancient
Kudurru
King of Babylon
death in the stampede to return home. A raid, or šiḫṭu, commemorated in a kudurru created during his reign describes a successful campaign. In this raid
Nebuchadnezzar_I
Museum dates this kudurru to the period 1125–1100 BC. Eanna-shum-iddina kudurru Kudurru Kudurru Image Article of "Eanna-shum-iddina kudurru" British Museum
Eanna-shum-iddina
Founder and first king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire
far as to drag Kudurru's body through the streets of Uruk. Kudurru can be identified with Nebuchadnezzar (Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, "Kudurru" simply being a
Nabopolassar
7th-century BCE Assyrian governor of Uruk
also spelled Nebuchadrezzar, and most commonly known under the nickname Kudurru, was a governor of the city Uruk in Babylonia under the rule of Ashurbanipal
Nebuchadnezzar (governor of Uruk)
Nebuchadnezzar_(governor_of_Uruk)
The Kudurru of Kaštiliašu' is a fragment of an ancient Mesopotamian narû, or entitlement stele, recording the legal action taken by Kassite king Kaštiliašu
Kudurru_of_Kaštiliašu
The Land grant to Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru is an ancient Mesopotamian entitlement narû recording the gift of forty GUR (around a thousand acres) of uncultivated
Land grant to Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru
Land_grant_to_Ḫunnubat-Nanaya_kudurru
Ancient boundary stone
Asia portal The Nazimaruttash kudurru stone is a boundary stone (kudurru) of Nazimaruttaš, a Kassite king of Babylon, c. 1307–1282 BC (short chronology)
Nazimaruttaš_kudurru_stone
Ancient artifact
The Kudurru of Gula is a boundary stone (Kudurru) for the Babylonian goddess Gula. Gula is the goddess of healing. It is from the 14th - 13th century BC
Kudurru_of_Gula
Mesopotamian stele
The land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru is a four-sided limestone narû, or memorial stele, from the late 2nd millennium BC Mesopotamia recording the gift of
Land_grant_to_Ḫasardu_kudurru
Mesopotamian snake god
that Nirah was depicted in anthropomorphic form. The snakes depicted on kudurru are often identified as depictions of him in accompanying inscriptions
Nirah
King of Babylon
Marduk-zākir-šumi kudurru, the bēl pīḫati Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru Uzbi-Enlil kudurru Broken kudurru of Marduk-apla-iddina Adad-bēl-kala kudurru confirming
Marduk-apla-iddina_I
Mesopotamian goddess
with dogs, and could be depicted alongside these animals, for example on kudurru (inscribed boundary stones), and receive figurines representing them as
Gula_(goddess)
King of Babylon
Ḫunnubat-Nanaya kudurru Melišipak kudurru-Land grant to Marduk-apal-iddina I Land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru Land grant to [Me]li-Ḫala kudurru Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu
Meli-Shipak_II
Marduk-zakir-shumi I kudurru is a boundary stone (kudurru) of Marduk-zakir-šumi I, a king in the 9th dynasty of Babylon from 855 - 819 BC. The kudurru of Marduk-zakir-shumi
Marduk-zakir-šumi_I_kudurru
Mesopotamian stele
The estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru is an ancient Mesopotamian white limestone narû, or entitlement stela, dating from the latter part of the Kassite
Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru
Estate_of_Takil-ana-ilīšu_kudurru
Boundary stone of Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon
The Kudurru for Šitti-Marduk is a white limestone boundary stone (Kudurru) of Nebuchadrezzar I, a king of the 2nd Dynasty of Isin, c. the late 12th century
Kudurru_for_Šitti-Marduk
King of Babylon from 605 to 562 BC
far as to drag Kudurru's body through the streets of Uruk. Kudurru can be identified with Nebuchadnezzar (Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, "Kudurru" simply being a
Nebuchadnezzar_II
Marduk-apal-iddina II kudurru is a boundary stone (kudurru) of Marduk-apal-iddina II, who ruled Babylon from 722 BC - 710 BC. Some kudurrus are known for their
Marduk-apal-iddina_II_kudurru
Boundary stones of Babylonian king
The Kudurrus of Isin (Babylonian Kingdom), king Marduk-nadin-ahhe, late 2nd millennium BC, c. 1099-1082 BC. The British Museum kudurru is a black limestone
Kudurrus_of_Marduk-nadin-ahhe
King of Babylon
confirmation kudurru, in the National Museum of Iraq The Warwick (“Land grant to Iddin-Ninurta”) Kudurru, Warwickshire Museum Land purchase kudurru with a secondary
Marduk-nadin-ahhe
Ancient Mesopotamian inscribed stone
Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru is an elongated egg-shaped black limestone ancient Mesopotamian narû or entitlement stele (kudurru), 46.5 cm high and 20
Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
Land_grant_to_Munnabittu_kudurru
Ancient Mesopotamian king
sixth ruler from the First Sealand Dynasty. He succeeded Šušši [de]. A kudurru inscription dated to the reign of Enlil-nadin-apli (late twelfth or early
Gulkišar
Ancient Assyrian conspiracy (671–670 BCE)
had sent a cohort commander to release Kudurru from his duties. This commander confirmed with Kudurru that Kudurru was an expert in scribal lore and together
Sasî_movement
Mesopotamian stele
The Land grant to Marduk-zākir-šumi kudurru is an ancient Mesopotamian narû, or entitlement stele, recording the gift (irīmšu) of 18 bur 2 eše (about
Land grant to Marduk-zākir-šumi kudurru
Land_grant_to_Marduk-zākir-šumi_kudurru
V.S., "Astronomical Dating of the Kudurru IM 80908", Sumer, vol. 46, pp. 98–106, 1989–1990 Pizzimenti, "The Kudurrus And The Sky. Analysis And Interpretation
Chronology of the ancient Near East
Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East
King of Babylon
and settled in the far southeast of Babylonia just after his reign. A kudurru or boundary stone from Sippar (pictured), in southern Iraq, records a legal
Nabû-mukin-apli
King of Babylon
year, possibly for safe keeping. He is known to have made at least three Kudurru boundary stones, although the one pictured is a later stone copy made during
Nazi-Maruttash
Painting by Leonardo da Vinci
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Mona_Lisa
King of Babylon
and who was to become his nemesis. He was recorded as a witness on a kudurru dated to his father's 2nd year, 25 years before he ascended the throne
Marduk-balassu-iqbi
Babylonian kings
found on stelae known as kudurrus (which the Babylonians called narû), commemorating royal donations. Some forty kudurrus are known from the Kassite
Kassite_dynasty
People of the ancient Near East
typically used by the Kassites. A number of seals have also been found. Kudurrus, stone stele used to record land grants and related documents, provide
Kassites
Ancient Mesopotamian goddess of love
including a feathered tiara (presumably similar to that depicted on the kudurru (boundary stone) of Meli-Shipak II), a crown, multiple breast ornaments
Nanaya
Index of articles associated with the same name
oaths, illness, and the underworld, represented by a scorpion symbol on kudurru Isis, an Egyptian mother goddess who sometimes appeared as a scorpion and
Scorpion_goddess
Art platform
2023-12-01. Retrieved 2024-06-15. Veltman, Chloe (2023-11-03). "Glaze, Kudurru and Nightshade help artists fight back against AI". NPR. Archived from
Cara_(app)
Mesopotamian lunar god
wore headwear decorated with it or held a staff topped with it, though on kudurru the crescent alone serves as a representation of him. He was also associated
Sin_(mythology)
Ancient Mesopotamian mythological demon
banduddû, "bucket". On a stela of Meli-Šipak, the land grant to Ḫasardu kudurru, he is pictured carrying a spade. In the Sumerian myth, Angim or "Ninurta's
Kusarikku
Symbol of the Sumerian goddess Inanna
Depiction of the star of Ishtar (left) on a kudurru of Meli-Shipak II (12th century BC)
Star_of_Ishtar
Iraqi archaeological site
occupation from the Early Dynastic through the Neo-Babylonian periods. A Kudurru dated to the 13th year of Second Dynasty of Isin ruler Marduk-nadin-ahhe
Opis
Earliest known museum
material aspects of her dynasty's heritage. Some of these artifacts were: A kudurru, Kassite boundary marker (carved with a snake and emblems of various gods)
Ennigaldi-Nanna's_museum
King of Babylon
rule. A Lorestān bronze dagger is inscribed with his name and title. A kudurru records the outcome of an inquiry instigated by the king in his 4th year
Enlil-nadin-apli
Ancient Mesopotamian god of the sky; god of all gods
Anu's symbol was a horned crown on a pedestal. It is attested on some kudurru (boundary stones), where it is typically present in the upper half of the
Anu
The Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina kudurru is a grey limestone 0.7-meter tall ancient Mesopotamian narû or entitlement stele recording the gift of four
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
Land_grant_to_Marduk-apla-iddina_I_by_Meli-Shipak_II
King of Babylon
(ABC 21) ii 25-30. Kudurru BM 104404, XII. Land grant to Širikti-Šuqamuna kudurru, IM 74651 in the National Museum of Iraq Kudurru IM 80908. Chronicle
Marduk-shapik-zeri
Kings of Babylon, 626 BC – 539 BC
Michael Jursa identified Nabopolassar as the son of Nebuchadnezzar (or Kudurru), a governor of Uruk who had been appointed by the Neo-Assyrian king Ashurbanipal
Chaldean_dynasty
Topics referred to by the same term
western Liberia Gula (goddess), an Ancient Mesopotamian goddess of medicine Kudurru of Gula, a famous boundary stone for this goddess, exhibited in the Louvre
Gula
Mesopotamian inscribed stone objects
the British Museum. They are commonly thought to be a form of ancient kudurru (boundary marker stone). The Monuments were purchased by A. Blau in 1886
Blau_Monuments
Ancient Mesopotamian city
when the Tigris or Euphrates river moved. It has been proposed, based on kudurrus from the reigns of Kassite ruler Marduk-nadin-ahhe (1095–1078 BC) and Second
Akkad_(city)
King of Babylon
There are few contemporary inscriptions bearing witness to his reign. A kudurru granting Ibni-Ištar, a kalû-priest of the temple of Eanna in Uruk, land
Marduk-zakir-shumi_I
Ancient Mesopotamian clay stele
The Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru is an ancient Mesopotamian narû ša ḫaṣbi, or clay stele, recording the confirmation of a beneficial grant of land by
Enlil-bānī_land_grant_kudurru
connection to the star symbology of Kassite kudurru border stones has also been claimed, but whether such kudurrus really represented constellations and astronomical
Babylonian_star_catalogues
King of Babylon
witness on a kudurru from his father, Nabû-mukin-apli's reign. He was first recorded as a witness to a title deed inscribed on a kudurru after his (presumably)
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
7th century high priest of the Eanna temple in Uruk
Jursa, Michael (2007). "Die Söhne Kudurrus und die Herkunft der neubabylonischen Dynastie" [The Sons of Kudurru and the Origins of the New Babylonian
Nabonassar_(7th_century_BC)
Mesopotamian grain and weather goddess
ploughing their fields. An ear of corn was a symbol of her, especially on kudurru. A star associated with her, Šer'u ("Furrow"; identified as one of the
Shala
Elamite and Mesopotamian goddess of the rainbow
horse head surrounded by a so-called "gate" on kudurru. However, Ursula Seid in her study of kudurru iconography concludes the horse head symbol should
Manzat_(goddess)
Akkadian mythological creatures
men at Wikimedia Commons Graphic of Scorpion man (From boundary stone: Kudurru). Pictured in register IV-(row IV). (Article with Detail-graphic) Archived
Scorpion_man
Deities of the Kassites
German), retrieved 2022-04-03 Seidl, Ursula (1989). Die babylonischen Kudurru-reliefs: Symbole mesopotamischer Gottheiten (PDF) (in German). Freiburg
Kassite_deities
King of Babylon
son of Kudurri, the tax-collector, to represent his seal.” — Simbar-Šihu kudurru, Bottom edge lines 1–4. It would be tempting to identify the first witness
Simbar-shipak
Tutelary goddess of Ebla
periods in Mesopotamian art, for example on decorated boundary stones (kudurru), Išḫara was instead associated with scorpions. While scorpions are present
Išḫara
National museum in London, England
ruler Gudea from the ancient state of Lagash and a series of limestone kudurru or boundary stones from different locations across ancient Mesopotamia
British_Museum
Art museum in Paris, France
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Louvre
Ancient Sumerian city-state
Der, several notable objects have been discovered nearby, including a kudurru (discovered in Sippar) which confirmed the name of the site. The site itself
Der_(Sumer)
Pair of Kassite royal deities
iconographically by a bird on a high perch, a symbol which often appeared on Kudurru stones. Despite their importance to the ruling dynasty, neither of these
Shuqamuna_and_Shumaliya
King of Babylon
drive a copper peg into his mouth." The estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru, a kudurru of Meli-Šipak, relates the lengthy history of litigation affecting
Adad-shuma-iddina
Ancient city in Iran
mound, where he found the stele of Naram-Sin, a collection of Babylonian kudurrus (boundary stones), the stele bearing the Code of Hammurabi, an ornamented
Susa
God in Sumerian mythology
ram-headed staff. They were often depicted together, for example on kudurrus. The kudurru of Nazi-Maruttash refers to them as "the great emblems of Ea". The
Enki
Cuneiform sign
above, with the vertical anchoring the right, -. For Marduk-nadin-ahhe's kudurru at the British Museum, na is constructed approximately as follows: 1-horizontal
Na_(cuneiform)
Third king of the Akkadian Empire
in 1897 by Jacques de Morgan. The origin of the monument, considered a kudurru i.e. a land grant, is unknown though generally thought to be from Sippar
Manishtushu
Mesopotamian god
attested goddess Kurunnītu has also been noted. They occur as a pair in a kudurru inscription, in parallel with Bau and Zababa and Ninkarrak and Ninurta
Damu
Limbless, scaly, elongate reptile
Nirah, the messenger god of Ištaran, was represented as a serpent on kudurrus, or boundary stones. Representations of two intertwined serpents are common
Snake
King of Babylon
character called Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, son of Bazi, appears as a witness on a kudurru recording a land grant of twenty GUR arable land to Adad-zêr-ikîša, where
Eulmash-shakin-shumi
Early Sumerian stone tablet
daughter of Ushumgal. The stele has been described as a type of "ancient Kudurru", a sort of stele known from the Kassites period in the 2nd millennium
Stele_of_Ushumgal
National god of the Babylonians
acknowledgement of Marduk's supremacy over other gods was now the norm. A kudurru dating to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar claims that Marduk, now the "king
Marduk
Painting by Guido Reni
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
The_Abduction_of_Helen_(Reni)
Painting by John Martin
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Pandemonium_(painting)
Mesopotamian deity
to resemble that which the former of these two goddesses wears on the kudurru (decorated boundary stone) of Meli-Shipak. It was made out of 47 minas
Uṣur-amāssu
1998 studio album by Nile
Title Length 1. "Smashing the Antiu" 2:18 2. "Barra Edinazzu" 2:47 3. "Kudurru Maqlu" (Instrumental) 1:05 4. "Serpent Headed Mask" 2:18 5. "Ramses Bringer
Amongst the Catacombs of Nephren-Ka
Amongst_the_Catacombs_of_Nephren-Ka
Painting by Anne-Louis Girodet
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Scene_from_a_Deluge
Dynasty of southern Mesopotamia
Gul-ki-šar lugal-e "year after (the one when) Gul-kisar (became?) king.” A kudurru of the period of Babylonian king Enlil-nādin-apli, c. 1103–1100 BC, records
First_Sealand_dynasty
Ancient Chaldean tribe
Humbušte (or Humbuštu); assured loyalty of Bit Amukani to Ashurbanipal ? Kudurru ca. rebellion of 652–648? position in tribe uncertain, according to Lipinski
Bit-Amukkani
Writing system of the ancient Near East
used to prepare surveying data and draft inscriptions for Kassite stone kudurru. Studies by Assyriologists like Claus Wilcke and Dominique
Cuneiform
Stele recovered from Sippa
remainder of the text records the gifts of the royal grant, similar to a kudurru and discusses the practices of the temple, priestly rules, dress codes
Tablet_of_Shamash
Painting by Anne-Louis Girodet
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
The_Burial_of_Atala
c. 1530–1535 painting by Titian
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Allegory_of_Marriage
16th-century gold pendant
Cylinder East India House Inscription Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru Flood tablet (Gilgamesh) God on the Winged Wheel coin
Tudor_Heart_Pendant
Mesopotamian goddess
list from Nippur as the 107th entry. According to Frans Wiggermann, a kudurru (inscribed boundary stone) inscription indicates that a temple of Nammu
Nammu
Mesopotamian god of death
objects during campaigns. A similar symbol also represented Nergal on kudurru, inscribed boundary stones. The god most closely associated with Nergal
Nergal
Bas relief sculptured Zodiac from an Osirian chapel
the three surviving tablets of a Seleucid zodiac and both relating to kudurru ('boundary stone') representations: in short, Rogers sees the Dendera zodiac
Dendera_zodiac
Mesopotamian and Syrian medicine goddess
sources from Middle Babylonian Sippar, her name occurs only on a single kudurru (boundary stone) inscription, which states that if anyone will transgress
Ninkarrak
Ancient Greek sculpture
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Winged_Victory_of_Samothrace
1784 painting by Jacques-Louis David
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Oath_of_the_Horatii
Painting by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
The_Return_of_Marcus_Sextus
1807 painting by Jacques-Louis David
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
The_Coronation_of_Napoleon
King of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
Marduk-apla-iddina II of Babylon, as depicted on one of his kudurrus (boundary stones)
Sargon_II
13th-century BCE war between Babylon and Assyria
the Tablet of Akaptaḫa. He also reconfirmed a large gift of land on a kudurru that had been provided to Uzub-Šiḫu or -Šipak by the Kassite king, Kurigalzu
Babylonian–Assyrian War of 1235 BCE
Babylonian–Assyrian_War_of_1235_BCE
Bas-relief of scenes of the cult of Mithras
Munnabittu kudurru Lion of Mari Manishtushu Obelisk Masub inscription Mesha Stele Namara inscription Narundi Nazareth Inscription Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
Mithras_of_Fiano_Romano
Assyrian history (911–609 BCE)
Jursa, Michael (2007). "Die Söhne Kudurrus und die Herkunft der neubabylonischen Dynastie" [The Sons of Kudurru and the Origins of the New Babylonian
Neo-Assyrian_Empire
Babylonian accountant and administrator
provincial governor, who was the beneficiary of a royal gift of corn-land on a kudurru in the time of Marduk-apla-iddina I, ca. 1171–1159 BC. These give Rimeni-Marduk
Uballissu-Marduk
Oldest known written complaint (c. 1750 BC)
Cylinder East India House Inscription Enlil-bānī land grant kudurru Estate of Takil-ana-ilīšu kudurru Flood tablet (Gilgamesh) God on the Winged Wheel coin
Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-nāṣir
Minor Mesopotamian underworld god
Tadmuštum, Laṣ and Meslamtaea. On a kudurru (boundary stone) of Marduk-apla-iddina I (the "land grant to Munnabittu kudurru") he appears alongside Nergal,
Šubula
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