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Norwegian historian (1930–2015)
Knut Helle (19 December 1930 – 27 June 2015) was a Norwegian historian. A professor at the University of Bergen from 1973 to 2000, he specialized in the
Knut_Helle
Subregion of northern Europe
Their History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976. Knut Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge
Scandinavia
Female given name and family name
French archer Horst Helle (1934–2026), German sociologist and academic Knut Helle (1930–2015), Norwegian historian and academic Soini Helle (1914–1992), Finnish
Helle_(name)
introduction. Halden: H. Melberg. Helle, Knut: «Ei soge om Vestlandet». Volume 1 of Vestlandets historie (edited by Knut Helle). Bergen: Vigmostad og Bjørke
Etymology_of_Norway
King of Norway from 1217 to 1263
Since the 1960s, historians including Narve Bjørgo, Per Sveaas Andersen, Knut Helle, Svein Haga, and Kåre Lunden have in turn professed a reaction against
Haakon_IV
King of Norway from 1046 to 1066
thus centralising power away from local warlords. According to historian Knut Helle, Harald completed the first phase of what he has termed the "national
Harald_Hardrada
1152–1155 religious war
the daughter of Sigurd the Crusader, Kristin. Svenungsen 2013, p. 1-4. Knut Helle. "Erling Ormsson Skakke, Jarl, Riksstyrer, Lendmann". Norsk biografisk
Rögnvald_Kali's_Crusade
Norwegian nobleman (1115–1179)
1, 2015. Knut Helle. "Erling Ormsson Skakke, Jarl, Riksstyrer, Lendmann". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved December 1, 2015. Knut Helle. "Kristin
Erling_Skakke
1262-66 territorial conflict between the kingdoms of Norway and Scotland
2015. "Suðreyjar". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 29 October 2015. Knut Helle. "Håkon 4 Håkonsson, Konge". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 29 October
Scottish–Norwegian_War
Medieval fortress in Bergen, Norway
"Rosenkrantztårnet". Bymuseet i Bergen. Retrieved September 1, 2018. Knut Helle. "Magnus 6 Håkonsson Lagabøte". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved September
Bergenhus_Fortress
Olavssøn Bratt". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 17 August 2013. Helle, Knut (ed.). "Torbjørn
16th_century_in_Norway
King of Norway from 1015 to 1028
Nidaros Orrman, Eljas. "Church and society". In: Prehistory to 1520. Ed. Knut Helle. Cambridge University Press, 2003. "The AngloSaxon Chronicle". Britannia
Olaf_Haraldsson
Næss, TrineGu (2003). "Gerda Ring Christensen". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
List of semi-supercentenarians (actors, filmmakers and entertainers)
List_of_semi-supercentenarians_(actors,_filmmakers_and_entertainers)
Vassal state of the Holy See
(1997). The Northern Crusades. Penguin. p. 111. ISBN 0-14-026653-4. Knut, Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge
Terra_Mariana
Danish historian (c. 1150 – c. 1220)
Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 1. Inge Skovgaard-Petersen, in Knut Helle, ed. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, vol. I, p. 355. Muceniecks
Saxo_Grammaticus
February 2021. Bagler sagas, (Håkons, Guttorms og Inges saga, chapter 11) Knut, Helle (13 February 2009). "Cecilia Sigurdsdatter". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia
Bård_Guttormsson
Norse seafarers, merchants and raiders
Scandinavia, Issue 1 Archived 22 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine (Knut Helle, ed., 2003), p. 105. Lund, Niels "The Danish Empire and the End of the
Vikings
Norwegian earl (1173–1214)
Galen – Norsk biografisk leksikon". snl.no. Retrieved 18 January 2017. Knut Helle. "Cecilia Sigurdsdatter". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved August
Haakon_the_Crazy
Norwegian princess (c.1190s–1213)
named after Haakon IV of Norway and Kristin after Christina of Norway. Knut Helle Kristin Sverresdatter Archived 2012-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Store
Christina_of_Norway
1306 conflict between King Birger of Sweden and his brothers
kommun. Retrieved 2019-01-01. Knut Are Tvedt. "Birger Magnusson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 2025-01-01. Knut Helle. "Torkjell Knutsson". Norsk
Håtuna_game
2016 Norwegian historical drama film
Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved June 1, 2017. Knut Helle. "Håkon Håkonsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved June 1, 2017
The_Last_King
Various names for a Norse god who was a son of Loki
Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia/Societas Scientiarum Fennica 1933, OCLC 13836618, p. 186. Knut Helle, "Narve", Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian)
Narfi_(son_of_Loki)
Norwegian fiddler
"Knut Luraas". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 24 August 2012. Aksdal, Bjørn. "Knut Luraas". In Helle, Knut (ed
Knut_Luraas
King of Norway from 1263 to 1280
Translated by G.W. Dasent. London: Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Knut Helle (1974). Norge blir en stat, 1130–1319. Universitetsforlaget. pp. 134–146
Magnus_the_Lawmender
Former dominion of Denmark in Estonia
History of Estonia History of Finland Northern Crusades Swedish Estonia Knut, Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge
Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219–1346)
Medieval European dynasty
The phrase is first recorded in the contemporary Historia Norwegiæ – Knut Helle, The Cambridge History of Scandinavia Volume 1, Prehistory to 1520, Cambridge
Fairhair_dynasty
Norwegian petty King (died c. 1018)
identical with a possible Halvdan in Hadafylke, grandson of king Harald". Knut Helle, Cambridge History of Scandinavia, Volume I, Prehistory to 1520, Cambridge
Sigurd_Syr
Unification of Norway occurred from the 860s to 1020s
(Grondahl Dreyer) ISBN 978-8250418523 Kouri, E. I., Torkel Jansson and Knut Helle (2003) The Cambridge History of Scandinavia (Cambridge University Press)
Unification_of_Norway
July 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2014. Per Jorsett. "Jørgen Juve". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Norges-Nytt
Norwegian politician
he took the cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo. Born in Larvik, he was the brother of Knut Helle. "Ingvar Lars Helle" (in Norwegian). Storting.
Ingvar_Lars_Helle
Music portal Larsen, Svend Erik Løken (2009-02-13). "Lalla Carlsen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk Biografisk Leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1892_in_Norwegian_music
Eriksson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 11 January 2013. Helle, Knut; Norseng, Per
14th_century_in_Norway
Period of Norwegian history from 1130 to 1240
King Sverre. Sverre himself even had some of the lendmenn on his side. Knut Helle has emphasised how the Church, after Sverre's death, seemed to work hard
Civil_war_era_in_Norway
12th-century Queen of Denmark and Norway
»Magnus 4 Sigurdsson Blinde» I: Norsk biografisk leksikon, 2. utg. Bd 6. 2003. Knut Helle. Aschehougs Norgeshistorie. Bd 3. Under kirke og kongemakt. 1995
Malmfred_of_Kiev
Norwegian theologian and biologist
pp. 349–350. ISBN 978-0-8160-6383-3. Geir Hestmark. "Michael Sars". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved
Michael_Sars
Norwegian merchant, ship-owner and politician
Knut Helle.) Vol. 5. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 2002. Web. 13 December 2011. Bryn, Knut. "Nicolay Knudtzon", Norsk biografisk leksikon. Ed. Knut Helle.
Hans_Carl_Knudtzon
Breed of cattle
Telemarkfe. Archived 18 April 2003. Johan Lindeqvist, in: Jon Gunnar Arntzen, Knut Helle (editors) (2003). Norsk Biografisk Leksikon, volume 6: Lassen – Nitter
Telemarkfe
Old Norse poet
Hollander, p. 67. Turville-Petre, pp. 100–01. Hollander, pp. 189–91. Knut Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Cambridge University Press
Skald
Norwegian politician
Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 21 July 2018. Bondevik, Jarle. "Knut Markhus". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Knut_Markhus
Norwegian chieftain (c. 990 – 1051)
Unification of Norway", in The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, ed. Knut Helle, Volume 1 Prehistory to 1520, Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2003, ISBN 9780521472999
Kálfr_Árnason
Queen of Norway from 1293 to 1299
Magnusson, Konge". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 29 October 2015. Knut Helle. "Audun Hugleiksson "Hestakorn"". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved
Isabel_Bruce
Norwegian saga
íslenzka fornritafélag, 2007) Knut Ødegård. "Sverres saga". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved October 27, 2015. Knut Helle. "Sverre Sigurdsson, Konge".
Sverris_saga
Norwegian fiddler
). "Knut Buen". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 13 June 2012. Aksdal, Bjørn. "Knut Buen". In Helle, Knut (ed
Knut_Buen
Queen of Norway from 1132 to 1133
that she witnessed a document by king Eric Lam a couple of years later. Helle, Knut; Norsk biografisk leksikon; Salvesen, Helge: Kristin Knudsdatter i Store
Christina of Denmark, Queen of Norway
Christina_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Norway
Norwegian art historian
(1927). Tretvik, Aud M. "Peter Schnitler." Norsk biografisk leksikon. Ed. Knut Helle. Vol. 8. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget, 2004. Web. 7 December 2011. Guleng,
Carl_Wille_Schnitler
scientist, radio astronomer and radar expert (died 2007) 19 December – Knut Helle, historian and professor (died 2015). 19 December – Hans Stenberg-Nilsen
1930_in_Norway
cathedral chapter at St Mary's Church was established. Helle, Knut. "Sverre Sigurdsson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo:
13th_century_in_Norway
12th–13th century Baltic Christianisation campaign
Christiansen, Eric (1997). The Northern Crusades. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-026653-4. Knut, Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge
Livonian_Crusade
Cambridge History of Scandinavia Volume I: Prehistory to 1520. Edited by Knut Helle. pp. 60–93. Taavitsainen, J.-P: Kun nuoruus on ongelma - Rapolan muinaislinnan
Ancient_kings_of_Finland
Queen of Norway from 1170 to 1176
nordisk filologi / Tjugoåttonde Bandet. Ny följd. Tjugofjärde Bandet. 1912 Knut Helle. "Magnus 5 Erlingsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved June 1, 2017
Estrid_Bjørnsdotter
King of Norway from 1136 to 1155
"Sigurd 2 Haraldsson Munn". 25 February 2020. Sigurd 2 Haraldsson Munn (Knut Helle. Store norske leksikon) Gregorius Dagsson (Store norske leksikon) Snorri
Sigurd_II
Oslo: Norsk nettleksikon. Retrieved 28 July 2015. Helle, Knut. "Sigurd 2 Haraldsson Munn". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian)
12th_century_in_Norway
Norwegian dentist (1903–1990)
Gunerius Strøm and Gurine Halvorsen. Stenvik, Reidun. "Ferdinand Strøm". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Ferdinand_Strøm
Norwegian singer, actor and theatre director
founder of Norwegian revue. Larsen, Svend Erik Løken. "Victor Bernau". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Victor_Bernau
18th century Danish-born wood carver
nettleksikon. Retrieved 22 October 2014. Elster, Elisabeth. "Henrik Bech". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Henrik_Bech
Norse saga
Sturla Tordsson, Soga om Håkon Håkonsson, trans. by Kr. Audne, 2d edn by Knut Helle, Norrøne bokverk, 22 (Oslo: Norske samlaget, 1963) The Norwegian account
Hákonar_saga_Hákonarsonar
academic. Elery Hamilton-Smith, 85, Australian academic and conservationist. Knut Helle, 84, Norwegian historian. Harvey McGregor, 89, British barrister, Warden
Deaths_in_June_2015
King of Norway in 1204
ISBN 82-00-08853-7. Helle, Knut (1972). Konge og gode menn i norsk riksstyring ca. 1150–1319. Bergen: Universitetsforlaget. ISBN 82-00-08836-7. Helle, Knut (1974)
Guttorm_of_Norway
Naval battle in 1000 in the Baltic Sea
Academic Publishers. ISBN 90-04-13172-8 Kouri, E. I., Torkel Jansson and Knut Helle (2003). The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Cambridge University Press
Battle_of_Svolder
Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor
Tidend for 25 years, from 1954 to 1979. Bonde, Arne. "Per Håland". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Per_Håland
Norwegian historian (born 1936)
Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 2005. Mykland, Liv. "John Herstad". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
John_Herstad
Day of the year
Elpeleg, Polish-Israeli diplomat, author, and academic (born 1926) 2015 – Knut Helle, Norwegian historian and professor (born 1930) 2015 – Chris Squire, English
June_27
portal Music portal Grinde, Nils (2009-02-13). "Ludvig Nielsen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk Biografisk Leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1906_in_Norwegian_music
Municipality in Vestfold, Norway
the few Norwegian Jews who survived deportation to a concentration camp Knut Helle (1930–2015), a historian and academic Mille-Marie Treschow (born 1954–2018)
Larvik
Skoglund. Larsen, Svend Erik Løken (13 February 2009). "Finn Bø". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk Biografisk Leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1893_in_Nordic_music
Retrieved November 29, 2015. Knut Helle. "Guttorm Sigurdsson, Konge". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved November 29, 2015. Knut Helle. "Inge 2 Bårdsson, Konge"
Bagler_sagas
Norwegian journalist and newspaper editor
nettleksikon. Retrieved 9 March 2012. Hellberg, Lars. "Egil Sundar". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Egil_Sundar
Norwegian historian
Retrieved 20 August 2011. Langslet, Lars Roar. "Nils Kristian Heyerdahl". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Nils_Kristian_Heyerdahl
Norwegian broadcasting person
nettleksikon. Retrieved 3 March 2014. Dahl, Hans Fredrik. "Odd Granlund". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Odd_Granlund
Burial mound in Norway
in Cambridge History of Scandinavia volume 1 Prehistory to 1520, ed. Knut Helle, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-47299-9
Rakni's_Mound
Title in medieval Norway
the holder of a fief, which in Norway commonly is known as lensherre. Knut Helle (1974). Norge blir en stat, 1130-1319, pp. 134-146. Universitetsforlaget
Lendmann
Norwegian resistance fighter and explorer (1917–2009)
Dies at 92", New York Times, January 3, 2010 Kraglund, Ivar. "Knut M Haugland". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Knut_Haugland
Norwegian satirical magazine
Salmonsens konversationsleksikon Holm-Johnsen, Hanne. "Olaf Gulbransson". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Tyrihans
King of Norway from 1184 to 1202
lærdi skúlin í Havn (in Faroese). Sprotin. pp. 12–15. ISBN 99918-44-57-0. Knut Helle: Sverre Sigurdsson (in Norwegian) Norsk biografisk leksikon, Krag 2005:113–116
Sverre_of_Norway
Theatre in Oslo, Norway
sceneshow 2007: Fanget på nettet 2007: Ylvis III 2008: Sound of Music Knut Helle (ed.). "Norge - Teater". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Edderkoppen_Theatre
Norwegian artist (1923–2001)
Bærum) Inntrykk fra naturen - 1981–82 (National Museum of Art, Oslo) Knut Helle Jakob Weideman Norsk biografisk leksikon Anny B. Fremmerlid. Jakob Weidemann
Jakob_Weidemann
Norwegian judge (1916–1996)
St. Olav. He died in February 1996 in Oslo. Michelsen, Hans. "Knut Blom". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Knut_Blom
Norwegian Lutheran minister, spiritual leader, entrepreneur, social reformer and author
1824" (Lutheran Calendar, March 29) Haanes, Vidar L. "Andreas Hauge". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Hans_Nielsen_Hauge
October 1992. Retrieved 10 July 2015. Aspenberg, Nils Carl. "Alf Ihlen". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
List of centenarians (businesspeople)
List_of_centenarians_(businesspeople)
Danish historian (born around 1140/1150)
vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Text%20Series/Sven.pdf Inge Skovgaard-Petersen, in Knut Helle, ed. The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, vol. I p. 355. Paul Læssøe
Sven_Aggesen
6 November 2012. Helle, Knut. "Magnus 5 Erlingsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 November 2012. Helle, Knut. "Sverre Sigurdsson"
List_of_monarchs_of_Norway
Norwegian jurist and industrialist
nettleksikon. Retrieved 9 March 2012. Nysterud, Karl. "Karl Glad". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Karl_Glad
Norwegian nobleman
"Auduns borg på Ålhus?". NRK Sogn og Fjordane. Retrieved 1 June 2017. Knut Helle. "Audun Hugleiksson "Hestakorn", Stallare, Lendmann/baron, Fehirde". Norsk
Audun_Hugleiksson
Norwegian writer
Retrieved 21 January 2011. Lotherington, Tom. "Theodor Caspari". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Theodor_Caspari
Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 30 May 2013. Krag, Claus. "Bjørn Stallare". In Helle,
11th_century_in_Norway
Norwegian jeweler, goldsmith, and silversmith
no. Retrieved July 1, 2017. Indahl, Trond (2005). "Jacob Tostrup". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Vol. 9. Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Jacob_Tostrup
Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 2 June 2010. Losnedahl, Kari Gaarder. "Stein Bugge". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Stein_Bugge
Retrieved 13 December 2023. Rian, Øystein. "Morten d.y. Leuch". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
1732_in_Norway
Norwegian merchant and politician
Oslo: Aschehoug. pp. 217–220. Iversen, Irene. "Fernanda Nissen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Thomes_Thomesen
(1996-2002) 1997 in Norway Kjeldsberg, Peter Andreas. "Jan Voigt". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 10 November 2024. v t e
1997_in_Norwegian_television
Day of the year
(died 1982) 1930 – Anca Giurchescu, Romanian academic (died 2015) 1930 – Knut Helle, Norwegian historian and professor (died 2015) 1930 – Wally Olins, English
December_19
Sehested". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Retrieved 9 October 2012. Sprauten, Knut. "Niels Toller
1642_in_Norway
Norwegian poet, novelist and literary critic
Retrieved 7 March 2010. Thue, Sigrid Rømcke. "Ståle Kyllingstad". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Camilla_Carlson
Castle in Norway
råd til galgen (in Norwegian). Selja forlag. ISBN 978-82-91722-25-2. Knut Helle. "Audun Hugleiksson "Hestakorn"". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Nedrebø,
Audunborg
Area with oldest archeological remains in Oslo
Edvard (1922). Kristianias historie. Oslos historie. 1. Oslo: Cappelen. Knut Helle, Finn-Einar Eliassen, Jan Eivind Myhre & Ola Svein Stugu, Norsk byhistorie:
Medieval_Oslo
Village in Gloucestershire, England
The Viking Expansion, The Cambridge History of Scandinavia, Issue 1 (Knut Helle, ed., 2003), p.105. "Viking axe head discovery is 'evidence of battle'"
Arlingham
Aarnes. "Gerhard Gran". In Knut Helle (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget. Knut Helle (ed.). "Francis Bull". Norsk
Edda. Scandinavian Journal of Literary Research
Edda._Scandinavian_Journal_of_Literary_Research
Norwegian publisher
nettleksikon. Retrieved 10 June 2012. Rønning, Helge. "Geir Mork". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Geir_Mork
Norwegian historian and educator
Retrieved 6 August 2013. Fossen, Anders Bjarne. "Edvard Edvardsen". In Helle, Knut (ed.). Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget
Edvard_Edvardsen
Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6408-5. Hans Andersson (2003). "Urbanization". In Knut Helle (ed.). Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Vol. 1: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge
Timeline_of_Bergen
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