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Mass community theory
The knowledge gap hypothesis is a mass communication theory created by Philip J. Tichenor, George A. Donohue, and Clarice. N Olien in 1970. The theory
Knowledge_gap_hypothesis
Term used to explain attention distribution across social media
Empathy gap Famous for being famous Filter bubble First World privilege Kardashian index Knowledge gap hypothesis Law of triviality Ortega hypothesis Overconsumption
Attention_inequality
Journalistic adage on questions in headlines
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Betteridge's_law_of_headlines
Communication used to influence opinion
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Propaganda
Internet rage incitement technique
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Rage-baiting
In economics, an imposed cost or benefit
externalities originates from Duesenberry's Relative Income Hypothesis. This hypothesis challenges the conventional microeconomic model, as outlined
Externality
Bias confirming existing attitudes
Peter Wason, as "a preference for information that is consistent with a hypothesis rather than information which opposes it." Confirmation biases are effects
Confirmation_bias
Perceiving the world to be more dangerous than it really is
1968, Gerbner conducted a survey to validate cultivation theory and his hypothesis that watching extensive TV affects the attitudes and beliefs of an individual
Mean_world_syndrome
Time spent concentrating before being distracted
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Attention_span
Type of trolling or harassment
Zucca, Diego (May 2022). New Explorations in Plato's Theaetetus: Belief, Knowledge, Ontology, Reception. Brill Academic Publishers. p. 92. ISBN 978-9004516021
Sealioning
Internal document leak
initiative to increase pro-Facebook news within user news feeds, and internal knowledge of how Instagram exacerbated negative self-image in surveyed teenage girls
2021_Facebook_leak
Compulsive consumption of negative online contents
later found to exhibit the behaviour of doomscrolling, which highlights a gap between the awareness of the term itself and the practice of it. Infinite
Doomscrolling
Designing systems to suit their users
who actually respond are in effect self-selecting as well, widening the gap between the sample and the population further. Task analysis: A process with
Ergonomics
The knowledge divide is the gap between those who can find, create, manage, process, and disseminate information or knowledge, and those who are impaired
Knowledge_divide
2010s social media data misuse
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal
Facebook–Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal
Systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment
for example, from: The two-factor theory of emotion The somatic markers hypothesis Introspection illusion Misinterpretations or misuse of statistics; innumeracy
Cognitive_bias
Knowledge: what is known, understood, proven; information and products of learning
science Knowledge deities Taxes on knowledge Intellectual capital Knowledge broker Knowledge Economic Index Knowledge economy Knowledge gap hypothesis Knowledge
Outline_of_knowledge
Personality type characterized by an affinity for novelty
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Neophile
Proposed explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem
– the degree of "fit" with existing recognized knowledge-systems. A working hypothesis is a hypothesis that is provisionally accepted as a basis for further
Hypothesis
Tendency to give more importance to negative experiences than positive ones
negative differentiation is consistent with the mobilization-minimization hypothesis, which posits that negative events, as a consequence of this complexity
Negativity_bias
One who harasses other players in a game
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Griefer
Fear or discomfort with technology
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Technophobia
Web content intended to entice users to click on a link
sensationalized, or otherwise misleading. A "teaser" aims to exploit the "curiosity gap", providing just enough information to make readers of news websites curious
Clickbait
Sensationalistic news
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Yellow_journalism
Situation that reinforces beliefs by repetition inside a closed system
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Echo_chamber_(media)
Person overengaged with digital technology
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Digital_zombie
Overview of and topical guide to communication
Heuristic-Systematic Model Hyperpersonal Model Information theory Knowledge gap hypothesis Media ecology Narrative paradigm Network analysis Nonviolent Communication
Outline_of_communication
Study of social effects on people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
of their results before accepting them when evaluating an underlying hypothesis. Statistics and probability testing define what constitutes a significant
Social_psychology
Journalism term
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Spike_(journalism)
Snubbing a person for a mobile phone
creating challenges for advancing research in this area. To address these gaps, recent studies aim to create validated scales that capture the complex dimensions
Phubbing
Form of online advertising
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Chumbox
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Least_objectionable_program
Subdiscipline of psychology
much of the behaviorist literature, was Carl Jung. Jung introduced the hypothesis of cognitive functions in his 1921 book Psychological Types. Another pioneer
Cognitive_psychology
Thought experiment in the philosophy of mind
"ability hypothesis", and Conee argues for the "acquaintance hypothesis". Both approaches attempt to demonstrate that Mary gains no new knowledge, but instead
Knowledge_argument
Economic view of human attention as a commodity
Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Cikm '18. pp. 347–356. arXiv:1908.07600. doi:10.1145/3269206
Attention_economy
Hypothesis in language acquisition
output hypothesis. Developed by Merrill Swain, the comprehensible output (CO) hypothesis states that learning takes place when learners encounter a gap in
Comprehensible_output
Immediate opinionated/controversial statement on news events
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Hot_take
Fear that some evil threatens society
Cohen stated that the mass media is the primary source of the public's knowledge about deviance and social problems. He further argued that moral panic
Moral_panic
Form of tabloid journalism
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Tabloid_television
Bullying of an individual by a group
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Mobbing
Management of public communication of organizations
become and stay informed of the specialized knowledge needed in the field of Public Relations. Taking that knowledge and improving the field through development
Public_relations
Inequality of access to information and communication technologies
shifting from a gap in access to ICTs to a knowledge divide. A knowledge divide concerning technology presents the possibility that the gap has moved beyond
Digital_divide
Publicly declaring support for a candidate
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Political_endorsement
Branch of social psychology
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Crowd_psychology
Organizations focused on producing infotainment
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Soft_media
Scientific concept in evolutionary biology
energy as fat. This trait serves as the main basis for the "thrifty gene hypothesis", the idea that "feast-or-famine conditions during human evolutionary
Evolutionary_mismatch
Cultural impact of the video sharing app
"What Happened When TikTok Songs Went Silent for Three Months | Working Knowledge". Harvard Business School. 2025-03-05. Retrieved 2026-04-18. Matsa, Katerina
Cultural_impact_of_TikTok
Contamination of information supply
cannot have too much information", "the more information the better", and "knowledge is power". The publishing and marketing industries have become used to
Information_pollution
Theory about the occurrence of mass shootings in relation to media coverage
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Mass_shooting_contagion
Divergence of political attitudes
can even aggravate political polarization. Morris Fiorina posits the hypothesis that polarization is a phenomenon which does not hold for the public,
Political_polarization
Media consisting of both information and entertainment
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Infotainment
Strong enthusiasm for technology
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Technophilia
Psychological focus, perception and prioritising discrete information
visual domain. These models are often treated as metaphors that guide hypothesis generation and empirical testing. A common assumption is that visual attention
Attention
Bias towards recently acquired information
get an A, regardless of the study method. The results supported this hypothesis and gave evidence to the fact that levels of uncertainty affect the use
Availability_heuristic
Publicized controversy about journalistic actions
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Journalistic_scandal
Information theory concept
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Information–action_ratio
Human interest throughout history
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Fascination_with_death
Software agent that communicates on social media
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Social_bot
Field of study that deals with media
television programs than studying. He shared how there was a significant cultural gap between those who had grown up in the “electronic age”, which included television
Media_studies
Awareness of facts, or competency
Knowledge is an awareness of facts (descriptive knowledge), a familiarity with individuals and situations (knowledge by acquaintance), or a practical skill
Knowledge
Type of editorial tactic used in mass media
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Sensationalism
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Smartphones and pedestrian safety
Smartphones_and_pedestrian_safety
Decision making with too much information
conducted an experiment on 192 housewives which was said to confirm the hypothesis that more information about brands would lead to poorer decision making
Information_overload
Societal phenomenon
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Bandwagon_effect
Transition of human species to anthropologically modern behavior
'sudden' appearance of the behaviors to Africa. Building on the FOXP2 gene hypothesis, cognitive scientist Philip Lieberman has argued that proto-language behaviour
Behavioral_modernity
Filtering process in communication
significant effect on the amount of coverage given to a bill, thus their first hypothesis was supported as well as the idea that newsworthiness would be more important
Gatekeeping_(communication)
Concept concerning content amplification by recommendation systems
compared Twitter before and after it introduced ranking and rejected the hypothesis: neither the 2015 testing phase nor the 2016 global roll-out was associated
Algorithmic_amplification
Practice of publishing poor-quality outsourced reports as local news
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Pink-slime_journalism
Practice of watching television for a long time span in one sitting or session
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Binge-watching
Major part of media consumption in Western culture
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Television_consumption
Study of directing and maintaining human attention
Völpel, Sven C. (September 2001). "The rise of knowledge towards attention management". Journal of Knowledge Management. 5 (3): 212–222. doi:10.1108/13673270110400816
Attention_management
Radicalization via social media algorithms
Retrieved March 10, 2021. "How Can Social Media Firms Tackle Hate Speech?". Knowledge at Wharton. Retrieved November 22, 2022. "Internet Association – We Are
Algorithmic_radicalization
Bias towards individual narratives
include: Information transmission: Stories allow individuals to share knowledge about the physical environment, social norms and rules, and potential
Narrative_bias
Anger directed towards a computer
images, such as petting an animal. Adopting a goal of improving computer knowledge may also be beneficial, as users are less likely to report computer rage
Computer_rage
Time spent on any device with a screen
Retrieved 9 November 2019. Bowles, Nellie (26 October 2018). "The Digital Gap Between Rich and Poor Kids Is Not What We Expected". The New York Times.
Screen_time
Ability to perform activities simultaneously
French fMRI study published in 2010 indicated preliminary support for the hypothesis that the brain can pursue at most two goals simultaneously, one for each
Human_multitasking
Branch of psychology
Chimpanzee intelligence Cooperative eye hypothesis Origin of language Origin of speech Ovulatory shift hypothesis Neuroethology r/K selection theory Sociobiology
Evolutionary_psychology
Incarceration rate of the United States
intelligently about a specific issue. Once a reporter has achieved that level of knowledge, it is easier to write subsequent stories. However, major advertisers
United States incarceration rate
United_States_incarceration_rate
Sardonic term for trivial news stories
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Junk_food_news
defines political polarization in the United States as "the vast and growing gap between liberals and conservatives, Republicans and Democrats". According
Political polarization in the United States
Political_polarization_in_the_United_States
Proposition in mathematical logic
mathematics, specifically set theory, the continuum hypothesis (abbreviated CH) is a hypothesis about the possible sizes of infinite sets. It states:
Continuum_hypothesis
Psychological problem-solving tendency
of the cognitive miser assumes that the human mind is limited in time, knowledge, attention, and cognitive resources. Usually people do not think rationally
Cognitive_miser
Relationship between violence and video games
establishments with pinball machines, which created fear across the generation gap of older Americans unsure of the intents of this younger crowd. To some,
Violence_and_video_games
Style of web content
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Sticky_content
Rapid increase in the amount of published information or data
suppressed by the overabundance of information today. Techniques to gather knowledge from an overabundance of electronic information (e.g., data fusion may
Information_explosion
Causes of cognitive abilities in animals
differentiate individuals from their group and resolve social conflicts. Another hypothesis for the evolution of cognition is that cognition allowed individuals access
Evolution_of_cognition
Type of soft news
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Human-interest_story
Area of psychology
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Media_psychology
Sharing knowledge for problem solving
methods and reduce the so called research practice gap. With the production factors of the knowledge economy having broadly reshaped and supplanted those
Knowledge_transfer
Mental health effects of using digital media
collaborative learning. A variety of quality apps and software may decrease learning gaps and increase skill in certain educational subjects. The benefits (and risks)
Digital media use and mental health
Digital_media_use_and_mental_health
shortcoming, parents strongly encourage their bilingual children to bridge the gap between the Internet and language. The Internet is increasingly being used
Psychological effects of Internet use
Psychological_effects_of_Internet_use
Voters who are poorly informed
(June 2012). "Does Inattention to Political Debate Explain the Polarization Gap Between the U.S. Congress and Public?" (PDF). Unpublished.[permanent dead
Low_information_voter
Bias within the mass media
Robert Lichter described how in academic circles, media bias is more of a hypothesis to explain various patterns in news coverage than any fully-elaborated
Media_bias
Donald Trump while 11 million users follow Joe Biden. Despite the significant gap between the two, Biden's top tweets have outperformed Donald Trump's top
Social_media_use_in_politics
Explanation for types of collective belief
system, the rational system, or the analytic system. In The Happiness Hypothesis, Jonathan Haidt refers to System 1 and System 2 as the elephant and the
Availability_cascade
Term for disproportionate media attention
discrimination as a policy within a society or organisation Male expendability – Hypothesis in anthropology Mean world syndrome – Perceiving the world to be more
Missing_white_woman_syndrome
Scientific theory
The timing hypothesis, gap hypothesis, gap theory, or critical window hypothesis for menopausal hormone therapy is a scientific theory that the benefits
Timing hypothesis (menopausal hormone therapy)
Timing_hypothesis_(menopausal_hormone_therapy)
Dangerous use of cell phones
website Post-truth politics United States Filter bubble Knowledge divide Knowledge gap hypothesis Political polarization in the United States Social media
Texting_while_driving
Criteria that influence the selection of events as published news
additivity hypothesis that the more factors an event satisfies, the higher the probability that it becomes news; the complementary hypothesis that the factors
News_values
Matching opinions and behaviors to group norms
Conventional wisdom Countersignaling Cultural assimilation Honne and tatemae Knowledge falsification Milieu control Preference falsification Propaganda: The
Conformity
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