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Form of algae symbiosis
Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host.
Kleptoplasty
Species of mollusc (sea slug)
Costasiellidae. Despite being animals, they perform photosynthesis, via kleptoplasty. Discovered in 1993 off the coast of the Japanese island Kuroshima, Costasiella
Costasiella_kuroshimae
Species of gastropod
to brownish hues. Elysia viridis is one of few organisms capable of kleptoplasty; when consuming the cytoplasm of its algal prey E. viridis can retain
Elysia_viridis
Species of gastropod
quickly, with little chloroplast retention. Upon reaching maturity, kleptoplasty becomes an important energy source. The primary food source of E. crispata
Elysia_crispata
Species of sea slug
capable of kleptoplasty, which is the process of taking chloroplasts from digested algae and using them for photosynthesis. Kleptoplasty is performed
Elysia_atroviridis
Clade of gastropods
chloroplasts from the algae they eat, a very unusual phenomenon known as kleptoplasty, for the "stolen" plastids. This earns them the title of the "solar-powered
Sacoglossa
Species of gastropod
ocellifera. Costasiella ocellifera shows long-term retention of functional kleptoplasty. The name 'ocellifera' comes from the Latin word for eye, ''ocellus''
Costasiella_ocellifera
Monospecific genus of predatory algae
retains the chloroplasts of its prey for its own use, a process known as kleptoplasty ('stealing of plastids'). After phagocytosis of the algal prey, its cell
Rapaza
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
The capture and sequestering of photosynthetic cells and chloroplasts, kleptoplasty, occurs in many types of modern eukaryotic organisms. The cytoskeleton
Eukaryote
Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
developed the capacity to sequester ingested plastids—a process known as kleptoplasty. Andreas Schimper was the first to name, describe, and provide a clear
Plastid
Aquatic, unicellular protists with two flagella
diatoms. Some species also perform kleptoplasty: Dinophysis have plastids from a cryptomonad, due to kleptoplasty from a cilate prey. The Kareniaceae
Dinoflagellate
Species of sea slug
and feeds on Bryopsis algae off the rocky bottom. E. marginata uses kleptoplasty to sequester the chloroplasts from the algae it consumes. These chloroplasts
Elysia_marginata
Species of gastropod
chloroplasts from the algae they eat for photosynthesis, a phenomenon known as kleptoplasty. Elysia chlorotica is one species of such "solar-powered sea slugs".
Elysia_chlorotica
Organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon
providing the chloroplasts. And there are those that acquire them through kleptoplasty, or through symbiotic associations with prey, or through 'enslavement'
Mixotroph
Plant organelle that conducts photosynthesis
group outside Diaphoretickes that have chloroplasts without performing kleptoplasty. Euglenophyte chloroplasts have three membranes. It is thought that the
Chloroplast
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with K
(kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptēs) kleptocracy, kleptomania, kleptophobia, kleptoplasty ktet- possession, ownership Greek κτητικός (ktētikós), κτήτωρ (ktḗtōr)
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/K
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/K
Species of flatworm
S2CID 91740559. Stephenson, India (2017). Species discovery, evolution and kleptoplasty in marine meiofaunal flatworms (MSc). University of British Columbia
Baicalellia_daftpunka
Order of gastropods
the chloroplasts for their own photosynthetic use, a process known as kleptoplasty. Some of these species have been observed practising autotomy, severing
Nudibranch
Group of marine gastropods
lettuce-like ruffles that line its body. This slug, like other Sacoglossa, uses kleptoplasty, a process in which the slug absorbs chloroplasts from the algae it eats
Sea_slug
Phylum of soft-bodied invertebrates
microalgae has evolved. Some species in the same order have also evolved kleptoplasty. The earliest known fossils confidently classified as tapeworms have
Flatworm
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
capture from the algae in their diet and then store in their bodies (see Kleptoplasty). This allows the mollusks to survive solely by photosynthesis for several
Photosynthesis
Heterotrophic protistan or metazoan members of the plankton ecosystem
chloroplasts, and those with endosymbionts—and others that acquire them through kleptoplasty or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell. The distinction between
Zooplankton
Plankton that can both photosynthesize and eat other organisms
chloroplasts, and those with endosymbionts—and others that acquire them through kleptoplasty or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell. Plankton have traditionally
Mixoplankton
supplement its own biochemical capabilities. In the related process of kleptoplasty, the predator sequesters plastids (especially chloroplasts) from dietary
Karyoklepty
Clade of eukaryotes containing land plants and some algae
other secondary algae, in what can be considered a form of permanent kleptoplasty. Unlike red and green algae, glaucophytes are not known to be ever involved
Archaeplastida
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
acquire chloroplasts by stealing them from their prey, a process known as kleptoplasty. Kleptoplastic protists may be generalists, able to steal chloroplasts
Protist
Species of gastropod
before hatching. Sacoglossa are the only metazoans on earth to exhibit kleptoplasty. The only other organisms known to have this ability are single celled
Elysia_pusilla
Organisms living in water or air that drift in the current or wind
except for the plastids, which continue to perform photosynthesis (kleptoplasty). Recognition of the importance of mixotrophy as an ecological strategy
Plankton
Single-celled organisms
the oxygen produced by algal photosynthesis. Some protozoans practice kleptoplasty, stealing chloroplasts from prey organisms and maintaining them within
Protozoa
Genus of gastropods
viridis and E. chlorotica hijack the chloroplasts for themselves (i.e. kleptoplasty). The chloroplasts end up lining the slug's digestive tract, enabling
Elysia_(gastropod)
(kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptēs) kleptocracy, kleptomania, kleptophobia, kleptoplasty ktet- possession, ownership Greek κτητικός (ktētikós), κτήτωρ (ktḗtōr)
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/H–O
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/H–O
Species of mollusc (sea slug)
some other Sacoglossan species carry out a process called functional kleptoplasty. This is a process in which the digestion of algal plastids consumed
Costasiella_nonatoi
Stinging cell used by cnidarians
nudibranch aeolids, are known to undergo kleptocnidy (in addition to kleptoplasty), whereby the organisms store nematocysts of digested prey at the tips
Cnidocyte
Organism that ingests organic carbon for nutrition
Jared M.; Moustafa, Ahmed; Rumpho, Mary E. (April 2011). "Sea slug kleptoplasty and plastid maintenance in a metazoan". Plant Physiology. 155 (4): 1561–1565
Heterotroph
Genus of gastropods
"Molecular Phylogeny of the Sacoglossa, With a Discussion of Gain and Loss of Kleptoplasty in the Evolution of the Group". Biological Bulletin 219(1): 17-26. abstract
Cylindrobulla
Evolutionary theory
archaea, their endosymbionts being facultatively anaerobic bacteria Kleptoplasty, the sequestering of plastids from ingested algae Mixotricha paradoxa
Symbiogenesis
Taxon of protozoans with hair-like organelles called cilia
are also mixotrophic, combining phagotrophy and phototrophy through kleptoplasty or symbiosis with photosynthetic microbes. The ciliate Halteria has been
Ciliate
Source of carbon in a biological context
Jared M.; Moustafa, Ahmed; Rumpho, Mary E. (April 2011). "Sea slug kleptoplasty and plastid maintenance in a metazoan". Plant Physiology. 155 (4): 1561–1565
Carbon_source_(biology)
Topics referred to by the same term
which incorporate functioning chloroplasts into their tissues using kleptoplasty Species of aeolid nudibranchs in the genera Phyllodesmium and Pteraeolidia
Solar-powered_sea_slugs
Genus of unicellular flagellate eukaryotes
swimming Elysia chlorotica, an animal with chloroplasts derived from algae Kleptoplasty Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Euglena Ehrenberg, 1830". AlgaeBase. University
Euglena
Species of single-celled organism
that it is an example of multiple-stage endosymbiosis in the form of kleptoplasty. Moreover, these “stolen” plastids can be further transferred to additional
Mesodinium_rubrum
Phylum of protozoans
the only eukaryotes outside Diaphoretickes to do so without performing kleptoplasty, and so obtain energy through photosynthesis. These chloroplasts are
Euglenozoa
Process whereby animals take and use cnidocytes from their prey
Kleptocnidy occurs in a range of Platyhelminthes. Cnidocyte Cnidosac Kleptoplasty Kleptoprotein Goodheart, Jessica A.; Bely, Alexandra E. (March 2017)
Kleptocnidy
Species of gastropod
lives at depths of up to 20 metres (66 ft). Elysia diomedea exhibits kleptoplasty in the same way as do the closely related Elysia clarki and Elysia crispata
Elysia_diomedea
Type of symbiotic relationship
species’ ability to digest them properly. In this group, functional kleptoplasty has been acquired twice, in Costasiellidae and Plakobranchacea. Photosymbiosis
Photosymbiosis
"Molecular Phylogeny of the Sacoglossa, With a Discussion of Gain and Loss of Kleptoplasty in the Evolution of the Group". Biological Bulletin. 219 (1): 17–26.
Gastropod_classification
Any life form too small for the naked human eye to see that lives in a marine environment
chloroplasts, and those with endosymbionts—and others that acquire them through kleptoplasty or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell. The distinction between
Marine_microorganisms
Genus of single-celled organisms
precede or to coincide with high densities of M. rubrum. Karyoklepty Kleptoplasty Mesodinium nuclear code Nishitani, G. and Yamaguchi, M. (2018) "Seasonal
Mesodinium
Group of flagellates
photosynthesis, which allows it to divide and reproduce. This process is known as kleptoplasty. The botanist Heinrich Leonhards Skuja in 1939 described the family Kathablepharidaceae
Katablepharid
Species of gastropod
gland, where they give the sea slug its green colour. This is called kleptoplasty. The chloroplasts are able to continue photosynthesising in the slug's
Elysia_timida
Species of algae
Lacuna marmorata in the fall and winter. Placida dendritica engages in kleptoplasty, sequestering chloroplasts from the seaweed, which helps it camouflage
Codium_setchellii
Species of alga
order to retain the photosynthetic chloroplasts in a process called kleptoplasty (plastid retention). The sea slug feeds on V. litorea and V. compacta
Vaucheria_litorea
Species of gastropod
Like other members of the Juliidae family, Julia exquisita performs kleptoplasty in which functional contents of the algal cells are incorporated into
Julia_exquisita
Species of dinoflagellate
This is also an example of cell organelle stealing, the concept called kleptoplasty, and endosymbiosis. Dinophysis acuminata reproduces sexually and asexually
Dinophysis_acuminata
Protists that live in saltwater or brackish water
chloroplasts, and those with endosymbionts—and others that acquire them through kleptoplasty or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell. The distinction between
Marine_protists
bioluminescent ostracods, including Cypridina noctiluca or Vargula hilgendorfii. Kleptoplasty Kleptocnidy Bessho-Uehara, Manabu; Yamamoto, Naoyuki; Shigenobu, Shuji;
Kleptoprotein
Species of gastropod
photosynthesize. It is not known if E. maoria engages in this process known as kleptoplasty as well. E. maoria can be found in the New Zealand exclusive economic
Elysia_maoria
Genus of single-celled organisms
Auranticordis cells but in fact, are continuously restored within the cell via kleptoplasty of a different eukaryotic cell. The third possibility for the origin
Auranticordis
Species of flowering plant
PMC 3969568. PMID 24458431. Krause, Kirsten (April 2015). "Grand-scale theft: Kleptoplasty in parasitic plants?". Trends in Plant Science. 20 (4): 196–198. Bibcode:2015TPS
Rafflesia_lagascae
Coral-feeding sea slug
as several species of sacoglossan sea slugs do (a practice known as kleptoplasty). The genus Phestilla feeds on corals by secreting enzymes that dissolve
Phestilla_viei
Kryptoperidinium, which has plastids derived from diatoms Some species also perform kleptoplasty. Dinoflagellate evolution has been summarized into five principal organizational
Protists_in_the_fossil_record
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