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Topics referred to by the same term
K-value or k value may refer to: Thermal conductivity The force constant of a spring, see Hooke's law Vapor–liquid equilibrium, the ratio of vapor concentration
K-value
Measure of how well an object, per unit of area, resists conductive flow of heat
k-value or lambda-value (lowercase λ). The thermal conductivity (k-value) is the ability of a material to conduct heat; hence, the lower the k-value,
R-value_(insulation)
Promise of value to be delivered, communicated, and acknowledged
In marketing, a value proposition is the economic value that a company or product delivers to its market segment of customers. The phrase was coined by
Value_proposition
Comparative volatility of components in a solution
Thus, a K {\displaystyle K} value (= y / x {\displaystyle y/x} ) for a more volatile component is larger than a K {\displaystyle K} value for a less
Relative_volatility
Average value of a random variable
expected value (also called expectation, mean, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Provided that it is finite, the expected value can
Expected_value
Card game
instead. 9: value is 99 regardless of the previous total value. 10: value is either -10 or +10. J: value is 10. Q: value is 10. K: value is 0. This means
Ninety-nine (addition card game)
Ninety-nine_(addition_card_game)
Data representation method in computing systems
A name–value pair, also known as an attribute–value pair, key–value pair, or field–value pair, is a fundamental data representation in computer systems
Name–value_pair
NPK and other labeling conventions for fertilizer
("P value") is the percentage by weight of phosphorus pentoxide P 2O 5. The third number ("K value") is the equivalent content of potassium oxide K 2O
Labeling_of_fertilizer
Non-parametric classification method
the object. This value is the average of the values of k nearest neighbors. If k = 1, then the output is simply assigned to the value of that single nearest
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Square roots of the eigenvalues of the self-adjoint operator A* A
using singular values. For example, the Ky Fan k {\displaystyle k} -norm is the sum of the first k {\displaystyle k} singular values, the trace norm
Singular_value
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
measured Kb value is the sum of the K values for the micro-reactions. K b = K terminal + K internal {\displaystyle K_{\text{b}}=K_{\text{terminal}}+K_{\text{internal}}}
Acid_dissociation_constant
Eleventh letter of the Latin alphabet
kappa, from which K derives К к: Cyrillic letter Ka, also derived from Kappa K with diacritics: Ƙ ƙ, Ꝁ ꝁ, Ḱ ḱ, Ǩ ǩ, Ḳ ḳ, Ķ ķ, ᶄ, Ⱪ ⱪ, Ḵ ḵ Ꞣ and ꞣ were used
K
Amount in information economics
VoI is sometimes distinguished into value of perfect information, also called value of clairvoyance (VoC), and value of imperfect information. They are
Value_of_information
Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature
electron with a value 1.602176634×10−19 C. Equivalently, V T T = k q ≈ 8.617333262 × 10 − 5 V / K . {\displaystyle {V_{\mathrm {T} } \over T}={k \over q}\approx
Boltzmann_constant
Probability distribution
This k value can be found by calculating f ( k + 1 , n , p ) f ( k , n , p ) = ( n − k ) p ( k + 1 ) ( 1 − p ) {\displaystyle {\frac {f(k+1,n,p)}{f(k,n,p)}}={\frac
Binomial_distribution
Table in statistics
each of the K possible values a k {\displaystyle a_{k}} of the variable x 1 {\displaystyle x_{1}} and for each possible combination of values of x 2 , x
Conditional_probability_table
Clustering algorithm minimizing the sum of distances to k representatives
the execution of a k-medoids algorithm). The "goodness" of the given value of k can be assessed with methods such as the silhouette method. The name of
K-medoids
System for rating game players
collects the full pot of value K; in the event of a draw, the players split the pot and receive 1 2 K {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}K} points each. Note that
Elo_rating_system
Benefit provided by a good or service in an economy
economics, economic value or simply value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent. Value for money represents
Value_(economics)
Physical constant equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but in different units
{\text{K}}^{-1}\cdot {\text{mol}}^{-1}\end{aligned}}} Since the 2019 revision of the SI, both NA and k are defined with exact numerical values when expressed
Gas_constant
Streaming algorithm
Henceforth, a heavy hitter of bag b is a value that occurs more than n ÷ k times in it, for some integer k, k≥2. A k-reduced bag for bag b is derived from
Misra–Gries heavy hitters algorithm
Misra–Gries_heavy_hitters_algorithm
Current worth of a future sum discounted to today
In economics and finance, present value (PV), also known as present discounted value (PDV), is the value of an expected income stream determined as of
Present_value
Manufactured rigid thermal insulation product
(R-value) per unit thickness. Based on a typical k-value of 0.007 W/(m·K), the R-value of a typical 25-millimetre-thick (1 in) VIP would be 3.5 m2·K/W
Vacuum_insulated_panel
Premium payable on a financial option contract
option: max [ ( S − K ) , 0 ] {\displaystyle \max[(S-K),0]} , or ( S − K ) + {\displaystyle (S-K)^{+}} Value of a put option: max [ ( K − S ) , 0 ] {\displaystyle
Option_time_value
Function of the observed sample results
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed
P-value
Systematic study of values
Value theory, also called axiology, studies the nature, sources, and types of values. It is a branch of philosophy and an interdisciplinary field closely
Value_theory
Control loop feedback mechanism
( s ) = K p + K i s + K d s = K d s 2 + K p s + K i s {\displaystyle G(s)=K_{p}+{\frac {K_{i}}{s}}+K_{d}{s}={\frac {K_{d}{s^{2}}+K_{p}{s}+K_{i}}{s}}}
PID_controller
Formula that visually represents itself when graphed
The value of k {\displaystyle k} is the number whose binary digits form the plot. The following plot demonstrates the addition of different k {\displaystyle
Tupper's self-referential formula
Tupper's_self-referential_formula
Distance from zero to a number
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number x {\displaystyle x} , denoted | x | {\displaystyle |x|} , is the (non-negative) magnitude
Absolute_value
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
jumping ahead k is given by fk(2ka + b) = 3c(b, k)a + d(b, k). The values of c (or better 3c) and d can be precalculated for all possible k-bit numbers
Collatz_conjecture
Set of activities that a firm performs to deliver a valuable product
A value chain is a sequence of activities that an organization performs to design, produce, market, deliver, and support goods or services for customers
Value_chain
s , k , {\displaystyle J_{s,k}(X)\leq D(s,k)X^{2s-{\frac {1}{2}}k(k+1)+\eta _{s,k}},} where η s , k = 1 2 k 2 ( 1 − 1 k ) [ s k ] ≤ k 2 e − s / k 2 .
Vinogradov's mean-value theorem
Vinogradov's_mean-value_theorem
Matrix decomposition
In linear algebra, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is a factorization of a real or complex matrix into a rotation, followed by a scaling, followed
Singular_value_decomposition
Topics referred to by the same term
hour K-factor (actuarial), the ratio of the value of deferrable expenses to the value of estimated gross profits k-factor (graph theory), a spanning k-regular
K-factor
Better to receive money now than later
The time value of money refers to the idea that there is generally a greater benefit to receiving a sum of money now rather than an identical sum later
Time_value_of_money
Physical chemistry method for gas-liquid equilibrium determination
charts have been printed for simple hydrocarbons. For example, to find the K value of methane at 100 psia and 60 °F. On the left-hand vertical axis, locate
DePriester_chart
Degree at which food gives a human the feeling of satiety per calorie
Satiety value is the degree at which food gives a human the feeling of satiety per calorie. The concept of the Satiety Value and Satiety Index was developed
Satiety_value
SI unit of temperature
in English, for example, the value 3 m2·K/W is usually spelled out as 'three square meter kelvin per watt', and the value 3 C·m2/V is usually spelled out
Kelvin
Relation between frequency- and time-domain behavior at large time
lim k → ∞ f [ k ] = lim z → 1 ( z − 1 ) F ( z ) . {\displaystyle \lim _{k\,\to \,\infty }f[k]=\lim _{z\,\to \,1}{(z-1)F(z)}.} An Abelian final value theorem
Final_value_theorem
Repeatable pattern of differences between prime numbers
theory, a prime k-tuple is a finite collection of values representing a repeatable pattern of differences between prime numbers. For a k-tuple (a, b, …)
Prime_k-tuple
Array that replaces runtime computation with a simpler array indexing operation
retrieve a value v {\displaystyle v} with key k {\displaystyle k} , a hash table would store the value v {\displaystyle v} in the slot h ( k ) {\displaystyle
Lookup_table
Method for finding kth smallest value
k {\displaystyle k} th smallest value in a collection of orderable values, such as numbers. The value that it finds is called the k {\displaystyle k}
Selection_algorithm
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
many truth values 0 , 1 k − 1 , 2 k − 1 , … , k − 2 k − 1 , 1 {\displaystyle 0,{\tfrac {1}{k-1}},{\tfrac {2}{k-1}},\ldots ,{\tfrac {k-2}{k-1}},1} , for
Many-valued_logic
Rate-seeking algorithm
channel for the current K value can be made stable by increasing K to a sufficiently large value, to be referred to as its K(N,s). Lam used Markov decision
Exponential_backoff
Specific values of a multivalued function
(-\pi ,\ \pi ]} . Each value of k determines what is known as a branch (or sheet), a single-valued component of the multiple-valued log function. When the
Principal_value
Concept in finance
Investment value is the value of a property to a particular investor. In the U.S. and U.K., it is equal to market value for the investor who has the capacity
Investment_value
Statistical measures of whether a finding is likely to be true
positive predictive value ρ {\displaystyle \rho } , where ρ < 1 {\displaystyle \rho <1} , that approaches some constant k {\displaystyle k} , the number of
Positive and negative predictive values
Positive_and_negative_predictive_values
Physical constant in quantum mechanics
1.2% of the currently defined value. He also made the first determination of the Boltzmann constant k B {\displaystyle k_{\text{B}}} from the same data
Planck_constant
factors are: Thermal conductivity ("k" or "λ" value) Surface emissivity ("ε" value) Water-vapour resistance ("μ" value) Insulation thickness Density Other
Pipe_insulation
Theoretical computer model
v0 v1 k)) and apply (v0 : value) (v1 : value) (k : value -> 'a) : 'a = let (CLO (t, e)) = v0 in eval t (v1 :: e) k let main (t : term) : value = eval
CEK_Machine
Measurements of stable atom orientations
A-values are numerical values used in the determination of the most stable orientation of atoms in a molecule (conformational analysis), as well as a
A_value
function's absolute value varies locally, as the former then increases disproportionately. The difference is expressed by the form factor k f = R M S A R V
Average_rectified_value
Sum of desirable traits in a potential mate
value is derived from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and sexual selection, as well as the social exchange theory of relationships. Mate value is
Mate_value
Data structure holding key/value pairs
lookup(k, new()) = fail, where fail is an exception or default value remove(k, insert(j, v, D)) = if k == j then remove(k, D) else insert(j, v, remove(k, D))
Associative_array
Theorem in mathematics
In calculus and real analysis, the mean value theorem (or Lagrange's mean value theorem) is a theorem about differentiable functions, roughly stating
Mean_value_theorem
Ability of water to flow through a porous material
grain-size analyses: K = C ( D 10 ) 2 {\displaystyle K=C(D_{10})^{2}} where C {\displaystyle C} Hazen's empirical coefficient, which takes a value between 0.0
Hydraulic_conductivity
Measure of variation in statistics
by w k / W k {\displaystyle w_{k}/W_{k}} : A 0 = 0 A k = A k − 1 + w k W k ( x k − A k − 1 ) Q 0 = 0 Q k = Q k − 1 + w k W k − 1 W k ( x k − A k − 1 )
Standard_deviation
ASA speed value S v {\displaystyle S_{v}} , with a value of N ≈ 0.30 (precisely, 2 − 7 / 4 {\displaystyle 2^{-7/4}} ); and K {\displaystyle K} is the reflected-light
APEX_system
Chemical property
pKa values for acid dissociation equilibria. p K a = − log K d i s s = log ( 1 K d i s s ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {p} K_{\mathrm {a} }=-\log K_{\mathrm
Equilibrium_constant
Concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid
data are represented in terms of K values (vapor–liquid distribution ratios) defined by K i = y i x i {\displaystyle K_{i}={\frac {y_{i}}{x_{i}}}} where
Vapor–liquid_equilibrium
Investment technique
Value Averaging when applied to the popular 401(k) tax qualified investment vehicle. As stated in McManaman's book, Building a 401(k) Fortune, Value Averaging
Value_averaging
Amount of heat released by combustion of a quantity of substance
The heating value (or energy value, calorific value, heat of combustion) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat
Heat_of_combustion
Lean-management method for analyzing the current state and designing a future state
Value-stream mapping, also known as material- and information-flow mapping, is a lean-management method for analyzing the current state and designing
Value-stream_mapping
Philosophical and ethical concept
A value judgment (or normative judgment) is a judgement of the rightness or wrongness of something or someone, or of the usefulness of something or someone
Value_judgment
Method for assigning values to integrals
In mathematics, the Cauchy principal value, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a method for assigning values to certain improper integrals which would
Cauchy_principal_value
approximate decimal value. For a simple exponential bound f ( k ) = c k {\displaystyle f(k)=c^{k}} such as this one, one can solve directly k = 20 / log 10
Klam_value
Bet sizing formula for long-term growth
with the sizing a sequence of bets by maximizing the long-term expected value of the logarithm of wealth, which is equivalent to maximizing the long-term
Kelly_criterion
Unsolved mathematical problem
The mean value problem is an open problem in the mathematical field of complex analysis first posed by Stephen Smale in 1981. The problem asks: For a
Mean_value_problem
1007/978-3-642-04898-2_482. ISBN 978-3-642-04897-5. Chandler, K. N. (1952). "The Distribution and Frequency of Record Values". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society.
Record_value
Continuous real function on a closed interval has a maximum and a minimum
compact set K {\displaystyle K} . Thus, we have the following generalization of the extreme value theorem: Theorem—If K {\displaystyle K} is a nonempty
Extreme_value_theorem
Measure of illuminance for a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number
In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that
Exposure_value
Business term
Shareholder value is a business term, sometimes phrased as shareholder value maximization. The term expresses the idea that the primary goal for a business
Shareholder_value
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
pair of reconstruction values, and ∂ D ∂ y k = 0 ⇒ y k = ∫ b k − 1 b k x f ( x ) d x ∫ b k − 1 b k f ( x ) d x = 1 p k ∫ b k − 1 b k x f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Formula for the maximal vapor velocity in a separator drum
glycol or amine solutions, multiply above k values by 0.6 – 0.8 Typically use one-half of the above k values for approximate sizing of vertical separators
Souders–Brown_equation
Series of preferred values for passive electrical components
5 k, 10 k, 12 k, 15 k, 20 k, 25 k, 30 k, 40 k, 50 k, 60 k, 75 k, 100 k, 120 k, 150 k, 200 k, 250 k, 300 k, 400 k, 500 k, 600 k, 750 k, 1 Meg, 1.5 Meg
E_series_of_preferred_numbers
Third letter of the Latin alphabet
Roman alphabet was introduced into Britain, ⟨c⟩ represented only /k/, and this value of the letter has been retained in loanwords to all the insular Celtic
C
Alternative representations of the RGB color model
values of k ∈ R ∧ k ∈ [ 0 , 6 ) {\displaystyle k\in \mathbb {R} \land k\in [0,6)} . The base shape t ( n , H ) = T ( k ) = max ( 0 , min ( k , 4 − k
HSL_and_HSV
Generalization of the one-dimensional normal distribution to higher dimensions
(possibly) correlated real-valued random variables, each of which clusters around a mean value. The multivariate normal distribution of a k-dimensional random
Multivariate normal distribution
Multivariate_normal_distribution
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
the formula ha(K) = ⌊(aK mod W) / (W/M)⌋, which produces a hash value in {0, …, M − 1}. The value a is an appropriately chosen value that should be relatively
Hash_function
Characteristic of a chemical reaction
{\displaystyle \Delta \log k=\alpha \Delta \log K} where Δlog k represents the difference in log k value relative to the reference log kr. In this form
Free-energy_relationship
Model parameters in mathematical finance
an option to changes in one or more underlying parameters on which the value of an instrument or portfolio of financial instruments is dependent. The
Greeks_(finance)
Value calculated on simplified assumptions
the intrinsic value is the absolute value of the difference between the current price (S) of the underlying and the strike price (K) of the option,
Intrinsic_value_(finance)
Name of two different techniques based on the singular value decomposition
singular values of C = [ A 1 A 2 ] {\displaystyle C={\begin{bmatrix}A_{1}\\A_{2}\end{bmatrix}}} in decreasing order, 0 D = 0 ∈ R k × ( n − k ) {\displaystyle
Generalized singular value decomposition
Generalized_singular_value_decomposition
the holding value (HV) for a period beginning at i through the period n. H V [ i , n ] = ∑ k = 0 n − i d i v ( i + k ) ( 1 + r ) n − i − k {\displaystyle
Holding_value
Mathematical model of financial markets
ϵ → 0 C v ( K − ϵ ) − C v ( K ) ϵ {\displaystyle C=\lim _{\epsilon \to 0}{\frac {C_{v}(K-\epsilon )-C_{v}(K)}{\epsilon }}} Thus, the value of a binary
Black–Scholes_model
Alternative to Tarskian semantics
In formal semantics, truth-value semantics is an alternative to Tarskian semantics. It has been primarily championed by Ruth Barcan Marcus, H. Leblanc
Truth-value_semantics
British author (born 1965)
Abramovitch, Seth (10 June 2020). "Universal Parks responds to J.K. Rowling tweets: 'Our core values include diversity, inclusion and respect'". The Hollywood
J._K._Rowling
Quantum algorithm framework
Quantum singular value transformation is a framework for designing quantum algorithms. It encompasses a variety of quantum algorithms for problems that
Quantum singular value transformation
Quantum_singular_value_transformation
Number system extending the rational numbers
k ∞ a i p i = a k p k + a k + 1 p k + 1 + a k + 2 p k + 2 + ⋯ {\displaystyle s=\sum _{i=k}^{\infty }a_{i}p^{i}=a_{k}p^{k}+a_{k+1}p^{k+1}+a_{k+2}p^{k+2}+\cdots
P-adic_number
Probability distribution modeling a coin toss which need not be fair
( k ; p ) = p k ( 1 − p ) 1 − k for k ∈ { 0 , 1 } {\displaystyle f(k;p)=p^{k}(1-p)^{1-k}\quad {\text{for }}k\in \{0,1\}} or as f ( k ; p ) = p k + (
Bernoulli_distribution
Measurement in material science
strain, and K {\displaystyle K} is the strength coefficient. The value of the strain hardening exponent lies between 0 and 1, with a value of 0 implying
Strain_hardening_exponent
Formula to quantify column buckling under a given load
applicable for values of l k {\displaystyle {\frac {l}{k}}} greater than 66.7. Euler: σ c r = π 2 E ( l k ) 2 = π 2 × 73.1 × 10 9 ( l k ) 2 {\displaystyle
Johnson's_parabolic_formula
Blood coagulation test
clot formation. Four values that represent clot formation are determined by this test: the reaction time (R value), the K value, the angle and the maximum
Thromboelastography
values of the X and Y fields). The K fields define the raw value of each cell. Strings of text are enclosed in quotation marks. Otherwise, the value is
Symbolic_Link_(SYLK)
Internet protocol
about K-values mismatch until these values are identical on these routers. EIGRP scales the interface Bandwidth and Delay configuration values with following
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Enhanced_Interior_Gateway_Routing_Protocol
Milligrams of a base needed to neutralize 1 gram of a given acid
In chemistry, acid value (AV, acid number, neutralization number or acidity) is a number used to quantify the acidity of a given chemical substance. It
Acid_value
Function in logic
In k-valued logic, there are k nullary operators, k k {\displaystyle k^{k}} unary operators, k k 2 {\displaystyle k^{k^{2}}} binary operators, k k 3 {\displaystyle
Truth_function
Almost-sorted sequence in computer science
∣ min ( a k ∣ k ≥ i ) < max ( a k ∣ k ≤ j ) ) {\displaystyle \max(i-j\mid \min(a_{k}\mid k\geq i)<\max(a_{k}\mid k\leq j))} . Given a 2 k {\displaystyle
K-sorted_sequence
Cryptographic algorithm for digital signatures
Java class SecureRandom sometimes generated collisions in the k {\displaystyle k} value. This allowed hackers to recover private keys giving them the
Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm
Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm
Smooth approximation of one-hot arg max
,K.} A value proportional to the reciprocal of β is sometimes referred to as the temperature: β = 1 / k T {\textstyle \beta =1/kT} , where k is typically
Softmax_function
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