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Post under the General Staffing Scheme
Joint Secretary to the Government of India (often abbreviated as JS, GoI or Union Joint Secretary or Joint Secretary to Union of India) is a post under
Joint secretary to the Government of India
Joint_secretary_to_the_Government_of_India
Indian government official
Secretary to the Government of India, often abbreviated as Secretary, GoI, or simply as Secretary, is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme
Secretary to the Government of India
Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India
Senior government rank and civil service post in the Government of India
Secretary (often abbreviated as AS, GoI or Union Additional Secretary or Additional Secretary to Government of India) is a post and a rank under the Central
Additional secretary to the Government of India
Additional_secretary_to_the_Government_of_India
Chief of staff to the Indian Prime Minister
Order of Precedence of India. The Prime Minister's Secretariat (PMS)—headed by an officer of the rank of joint secretary to the Government of India—was
Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India
Principal_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India
Office of the Prime minister of India
Minister of India, the then Prime Minister's Secretariat was headed by a Joint Secretary to Government of India until his death. The post of the Principal
Prime Minister's Office (India)
Prime_Minister's_Office_(India)
Indian Administrative Service officer
as Joint secretary to the Government of India Department of Higher Education (India) Ministry of Education (India) .Armstrong Pame is a recipient of several
Armstrong_Pame
General officer rank in the Indian Army
equivalent is currently designated as Joint Secretary to the Government of India (Army/Navy/AirForce). The badges of rank have a crossed sword and baton
Major_general_(India)
Head of the Indian Civil Service
The cabinet secretary (ISO:मंत्रिमंडळ सचिव) is the top-most executive official and senior-most civil servant of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary
Cabinet_Secretary_(India)
Indian civil servant (1911–1998)
the rehabilitation of refugees from East Pakistan in India. Rising through the ranks, Gopalan was later empanelled and served as Joint Secretary to the
P._V._Gopalan
List of Chief Secretaries in the Indian states
Mizoram List of chief secretaries of Jharkhand Cabinet Secretary of India Secretary to Government of India Joint Secretary to Government of India Principal
Chief_secretary_(India)
Indian governmental post
post of an Joint Secretary to Government of India. In the state governments, a principal secretary ranks above a secretary but it is below the designations
Principal_secretary_(India)
Indian civil servant
Kangale is also the Joint secretary to the Government of India. She has worked on multiple governmental positions, including Secretary of Women and Child
Reena_Baba_Saheb_Kangale
Call sign of the aircraft carrying the Prime Minister or the President of India
identity cards at all times. Members of the official delegation (at the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and above) are tagged in purple
India_One
Bangladeshi government official
Secretary to the Government of Bangladesh, often referred to as Secretary, Special Secretary, Senior Secretary and Secretary General, GoB, is a rank within
Secretary to the Government of Bangladesh
Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Bangladesh
Indian civil servant (1931–2012)
been the Joint Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Chief Secretary to the Government of Tripura and Lt Governor of Andaman
Ishwari_Prasad_Gupta
Indian Defence Secretary
of the rank of secretary to the Government of India. The current defence secretary is Shri. Rajesh Kumar Singh IAS. As a secretary to the Government of
Defence_Secretary_(India)
Government ministry of India
elevated as Joint Secretary to the Government of India at the Ministry of Defence in New Delhi, who later went onto become 1st President of Pakistan. Notable
Ministry_of_Defence_(India)
Pakistani politician and military general (1899–1969)
Secretary to the Government of India at the Ministry of Defence in New Delhi in 1946. Following the independence of Pakistan in 1947 as a result of the
Iskander_Mirza
Indian Navy admiral
officer of the Indian Navy. He currently serves as the Flag Officer Commanding Karnataka Naval Area. His previous stints include Joint Secretary to the Government
Vikram_Menon
Indian Civil Services
In India, the Civil Service is the collection of civil servants of the government who constitute the permanent executive branch of the country. This includes
Civil_Services_of_India
Indian cabinet committee for appointment of senior officials
officials to key positions in the central government and public sector undertakings. Established in 1950, the ACC is chaired by the Prime Minister of India and
Appointments Committee of the Cabinet
Appointments_Committee_of_the_Cabinet
Upper house of the Indian Parliament
equivalent to the cabinet secretary to the government of India. The secretary-general, in turn, is assisted by senior functionaries at the level of secretary, additional
Rajya_Sabha
Regulatory body for spices in India
spices headed by a Chairman, a rank equivalent to Joint Secretary to the Government of India. The board is headquartered in Kochi. Spices Board was constituted
Spices_Board_of_India
Indian career civil servant and diplomat
civil servant and diplomat who currently serves as Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the National Security Council secretariat. He previously
Lekhan_Thakkar
Indian politician and diplomat (born 1952)
1999 to 2002. He has also served as Joint secretary to the Government of India in Ministry of Defence from 1997 to 1999. He was India's ambassador to Brazil
Hardeep_Singh_Puri
Civil servant
Office (India), the private secretary to Prime Minister of India is always in the rank and post of Joint secretary to the Government of India. Senior principal
Private_secretary
2019 Bengali Indian film
Indian Administrative Service Officer, Former Joint Secretary to the Government of India and husband of Shakuntala Devi Jayant Kripalani as Harold Stevenson
Mahalaya_(film)
Seniormost non-elected official of the Ministry of External Affairs of India
Foreign Service (IFS) officer of the rank of secretary to the government of India. Vikram Misri is the foreign secretary since July 2024, succeeding Vinay
Foreign_Secretary_(India)
the year of issuance. OMs are typically signed by an officer of the rank of Under Secretary, Deputy Secretary, or Joint Secretary to the Government of
Executive Instruments of the Government of India
Executive_Instruments_of_the_Government_of_India
Premier Academic Institute
hand-picked defence officers of One-Star rank and civil servants of the rank of Joint secretary to the Government of India. Each year, approximately 25
National Defence College (India)
National_Defence_College_(India)
Indian civil servant (1893–1965)
Indian civil servant who served as Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of the States, under Sardar Patel to integrate 562 princely states
V._P._Menon
Head of the Lok Sabha Secretariat
appointed by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The post of secretary general is of the rank of the Cabinet Secretary in the Government of India, who is the senior
Secretary General of the Lok Sabha
Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha
Professional in agriculture management
grade, which is equivalent to the scale of joint secretary to the Government of India. The ARS encourages fresh infusion of talent at all senior levels
Agriculturist
Government institute for civil servants in India
officer of the Indian Foreign Service of the rank of Secretary or Joint Secretary to the Government of India. Other officers deputed to the institute
Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Service
Sushma_Swaraj_Institute_of_Foreign_Service
the IPoS, the officer starts his/her career as an Senior Superintendent of Post Offices in the rank of Assistant Secretary to the Government of India
Indian_Postal_Service
British civil servant (1890–1976)
remained in the post for a year. In June 1937, Mudie was temporarily appointed Joint Secretary to the Home Department of the Government of India. In April
Francis_Mudie
Cabinet Secretary of India
the Cabinet Secretary of India since 30 August 2024. Before this, he served as the Finance Secretary of India (Department of Expenditure). Prior to this
T._V._Somanathan
Spokesperson of Indian Foreign Ministry
queries. Media briefings. Additional secretary to the Government of India Joint secretary to the Government of India "MEA | Spokesperson's Office : Personnel"
Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs
Official_Spokesperson_of_the_Ministry_of_External_Affairs
National court system
The Judiciary of India (ISO: Bhārata kī Nyāyapālikā) is the system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the Republic of India. The Constitution
Judiciary_of_India
Indian politician
in Government of Odisha. In 2013 she moved to Central government as Joint Secretary for Ministry of Rural Development in the Government of India. She
Aparajita_Sarangi
Indian intelligence officer; defected to the U.S.
of its office in Amritsar and then as a field operative in West Asia and West Europe. He later served as Joint Secretary to the Government of India at
Rabinder Singh (intelligence officer)
Rabinder_Singh_(intelligence_officer)
Union Home Secretary of India
in the Government of India as the Secretary of the Ministry of Culture. He was also the Joint Secretary/Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs
Govind_Mohan
India's Top Anti-Narcotics Agency
of India, who belongs to the Indian Revenue Service (IRS) and is the Joint Secretary to the Government of India. The Narcotics Commissioner of India is
Central_Bureau_of_Narcotics
Head of government of the Republic of India
The prime minister of India (ISO: Bhāratīya Gaṇarājyasya Pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested
Prime_Minister_of_India
The Government of India (Devanagari: भारत सरकार; IAST: Bhārata Sarakāra; legally, the Union Government, the Union of India or the Central Government) is
Government_of_India
Diplomatic service
The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is a diplomatic service and a central civil service of the Government of the Republic of India under the Ministry of
Indian_Foreign_Service
Governments of the 28 Indian states and three union territories
The state governments of India are the governments ruling over the 28 states and three union territories (there are eight union territories but only three
State_governments_of_India
Indian Administrative Service officer
previously served as Joint Secretary in Health Ministry of India from August 2016 to August 2022. Before his appointment in Central Government, Agarwal served
Lav_Agarwal
Lower house of the Parliament of India
the president of India on the advice of the Indian government, and the practice was abolished in January 2020 by the 104th amendment to the Indian constitution
Lok_Sabha
Administrative civil service of the Indian executive branch
CSS) is the administrative civil service under Group A and Group B of the Central Civil Services of the executive branch of the Government of India. They
Central_Secretariat_Service
UK legislation for the colonial government of India
The Government of India Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 42), also referred to as the Constitution Act between 1935 and 1947, was an act of the Parliament
Government_of_India_Act_1935
equal to the level of level of joint secretary in civil and brigadier in military) to assist it in the exercise of financial powers. The role of Financial
Integrated financial advisor (India)
Integrated_financial_advisor_(India)
Indian civil servant
appointed Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of States from 1950-51 and later appointed Minister in Government of Rajasthan and
Hari_Sharma
Salaries of government leaders and government officials in India
emoluments given to them according to legislation. The President of India has a net salary of ₹500,000 (US$5,200) per month, followed by the Vice President
Salaries of government officials in India
Salaries_of_government_officials_in_India
Executive officer of the Indian National Security Council
The National Security Advisor (NSA) is the senior official on the National Security Council of the Republic of India, and the chief advisor to the Prime
National Security Advisor (India)
National_Security_Advisor_(India)
Indian diplomat and Ambassador of India to Israel
referred to as J. P. Singh, is an Indian diplomat from the 2002 batch of the Indian Foreign Service. He is currently serving as the Ambassador of India to Israel
Jitender_Pal_Singh
Government security agency in India
The National Security Council (NSC) (IAST: Rāṣṭrīya Surakṣā Pariṣad) of India is an executive government body tasked with advising the Prime Minister of
National Security Council (India)
National_Security_Council_(India)
Government ministry of India
The Ministry of Education (MoE) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The
Ministry_of_Education_(India)
(WBSS). Chief Secretary to the Government of West Bengal and Secretaries (i.e. Additional Chief Secretary or Principal Secretary / Secretary) under different
Government_of_West_Bengal
Indian Administrative Service officer (born 1949)
departments. In the Government of India he served as joint secretary in the Department of Heavy Industry, additional secretary in the Ministry of Coal, chairman
Pradeep_Kumar_(civil_servant)
Indian bureaucrat and former chief secretary of Uttar Pradesh
both the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh during his career, like as Principal Secretary (Appointment and Personnel), Secretary (Tax
Durga_Shanker_Mishra
Department responsible for the administration of the Government of India
Joint Consultative Board. The Governor-General of India's secretary was designated Secretary to the Executive Council. With the Interim Government of
Cabinet_Secretariat_(India)
grade, which is equivalent to the scale of joint secretary to the Government of India. The ARS encourages fresh infusion of talent at all senior levels
Agricultural Research Service (ICAR, India)
Agricultural_Research_Service_(ICAR,_India)
List of notable people who belong to the Brahmin caste
of relief measures & refugees in the government of Zambia, advisor to 1st president of Zambia Kenneth Kaunda and as Joint Secretary to the Government
List_of_Brahmins
Indian civil servant
the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh, including Joint Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry of Agriculture And Co-operation
R._K._Tiwari
Indian civil servant
empanelled as Joint Secretary to Government of India in June 2009 by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet and served in the Ministry of Food Processing
Gautam_Sanyal
Indian statutory body
members of the BRDB. The secretary of the board exercises the powers of Joint Secretary to the Government of India. The executive head of the BRO is the Director
Border_Roads_Organisation
Indian bureaucrat (born 1957)
serving as the 16th Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India. He previously served as the 25th Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. He was also
Shaktikanta_Das
Engineering Services of the Indian Railways
addition to Principal Executive Directors and Executive Directors holding the rank of Additional Secretary and Joint Secretary to the Govt of India respectively
Indian Railway Service of Engineers
Indian_Railway_Service_of_Engineers
IAS officer and Defence Secretary of India
from the Kerala cadre. Singh was appointed the 40th Defence Secretary of India by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet and has been serving in the position
Rajesh Kumar Singh (civil servant)
Rajesh_Kumar_Singh_(civil_servant)
Diplomat and IAS officer, India
both Government of India and Government of Haryana. These include Joint Secretary (Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance), Home Secretary (Haryana)
Rajesh_Khullar
Government of India Civil Service
functions under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. The service is entrusted with the responsibility of the implementation of Companies
Indian_Corporate_Law_Service
One of three All India Services
of Forest Service officers to the Central Government includes appointments in Central Ministries at the position of Deputy Secretary, Director, Joint
Indian_Forest_Service
Department under ministry of defence, Government of India
Schedule to Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961, the following subjects were allocated to DMA:- The Armed Forces of the Union, namely
Department of Military Affairs
Department_of_Military_Affairs
32nd Cabinet Secretary of India
in the Government of India, the Government of Bihar and the Government of Jharkhand. Prior to his appointment as Cabinet Secretary, i.e., the head of civil
Rajiv_Gauba
Indian intelligence organisation
of IPoS as on 1 January 2020, Department of Posts, Government of India, archived copy Delhi Golf Club waiting list for Secretary/ Special Secretary and
Directorate General of Security (India)
Directorate_General_of_Security_(India)
Armed conflict in South Asia
heads of military operations spoke on phone at 2:30 pm for the first time since the conflict broke out. Foreign Secretary of India Vikram Misri and the Pakistani
2025_India–Pakistan_conflict
Act of the Parliament of India
women. The Act provides for the appointment of a director of inquiry who shall not be below the rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and shall
Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
Lokpal_and_Lokayuktas_Act,_2013
During part of 1834 and from 1835 the post was held by Joint Secretaries. The position was abolished in 1858 with the abolition of the East India Company
Secretary to the Board of Control
Secretary_to_the_Board_of_Control
Indian bureaucrat and politician
Joint Secretary of Department of Financial Services in Finance Ministry of India from 2001 to 2006. He also served as Joint Secretary in Ministry of Urban
Ram_Muivah
Indian Administrative Service, Indian Official
Nadu, India. In the earlier phase of her career, she held the position of Joint Secretary at the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of India
Supriya_Sahu
Former Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India
(IAS) of the 1967 batch from the Uttar Pradesh cadre, who served as the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi from 2014 to 2019
Nripendra_Misra
Country in South Asia
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's seventh-largest country by area and the largest by population. Bounded
India
Indian diplomat
Ministry of External Affairs (India), he has served in various capacities including as Joint Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of Development
Kumar_Tuhin
Indian advocate
eastern India. In addition, Saikia is the incumbent Advocate General of Assam. Saikia served as Joint Secretary of the BCCI prior to becoming Secretary. Saikia
Devajit_Saikia
Government ministry of India
The Ministry of Tourism, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for the formulation and administration of the rules, regulations and laws
Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)
Indian civil servant
Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, from 2011 to 2014. He formerly served as Executive Director to the World Bank and Joint Secretary
Pulok_Chatterji
Indian National Congress student wing
assaulted by Tarun Tejpal. NSUI national secretary Akshay Kumar, who was also elected as the joint secretary of Delhi University Students' Union in 2010
National Students' Union of India
National_Students'_Union_of_India
List of police ranks in India
Police services in India comprise the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS, and Pondicherry Police Service recruited by the central government, along with various
Police ranks and insignia of India
Police_ranks_and_insignia_of_India
Government of India Civil Service
Secretary to state government in an IAS cadre/ Joint Secretary to Government of India. IDAS officers get promoted to HAG, HAG+ and Apex level posts in cadre
Indian Defence Accounts Service
Indian_Defence_Accounts_Service
Indian civil servant
of the National Rural Livelihoods Mission, Joint Secretary in the Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj, and Director General of the National Institute of
Sarada_Muraleedharan
Seniormost official of the Research & Analysis Wing
national security decision-making. The Secretary of R&AW holds the rank of Secretary to the Government of India. The post is accompanied by: Official residence
Secretary of the Research and Analysis Wing
Secretary_of_the_Research_and_Analysis_Wing
Indian Administrative Service officer
the Government of Uttar Pradesh. Before that he served as the Joint Secretary and Mission Director in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in the Government
Amrit_Abhijat
India's domestic intelligence agency
the Secretary of State for India, sanctioned the proposal by Marquess of Dufferin, the Viceroy of India, to create a system for the "collection of secret
Intelligence_Bureau_(India)
Indian economist
the founding head of the Economics Department of Aligarh Muslim University (AMU). He also worked as joint secretary to the government of India in the
Lodhi_Karim_Hyder
Secretary in Ministry of Finance of India
2012 to 2016. Before that, he had served as joint secretary in various ministries of the Government of Manipur, such as joint secretary in the Health
K_Moses_Chalai
Indian Administrative Service Officer
from 22 December 2024. He formerly serving as the Joint Secretary of Ministry of Rural Development (India) since 1 September 2021 till 02 July 2024. Khataria
Amit_Kataria
Secretary to Ministry of Statistics of India
Institutions Division. In the Department of Expenditure, Government of India as joint secretary, he worked on the formulation of the Direct Benefits Transfer
Saurabh_Garg
Military unit
required to wear colour-coded identity cards at all times. Members of the official delegation (rank of Joint Secretary to the Government of India and above)
Air Headquarters Communication Squadron
Air_Headquarters_Communication_Squadron
Indian law officer
The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General, Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the level of Joint secretary (or Law Secretary)
Solicitor_General_of_India
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
Boy/Male
Indian, Traditional
King of Government; Ruler; The King of Kings
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Simouth.
Biblical
wand of government
Boy/Male
English
Secretary; chancellor.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : presumably from Old French joint ‘united’, ‘joined’. The application as a surname is unclear.
Boy/Male
Biblical
Wand of government.
Girl/Female
Greek American
Goddess; godly. Also as abbreviation of names like Althea and Dorothea. The mythological Thea was...
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of the priest Anhur-mes.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Love; To Joint
Female
German
Pet form of German Kätharina, KÄTHE means "pure."
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : probably an altered form of French Pons, a habitational name from places so named in Bourgogne and Franche-Comté.
Surname or Lastname
English (Yorkshire)
English (Yorkshire) : variant of Tye.
Boy/Male
Indian
Lord Brahama
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Happy to the Point
Female
Egyptian
, another form of Ratta or Ritho.
Surname or Lastname
Reduced and altered form of Scottish and Irish McKillip, a Gaelic patronymic from Philip. The form of the name, originally Killip, has been assimilated to that of the Biblical personal name Caleb.English and Welsh
Reduced and altered form of Scottish and Irish McKillip, a Gaelic patronymic from Philip. The form of the name, originally Killip, has been assimilated to that of the Biblical personal name Caleb.English and Welsh : from the Biblical Hebrew personal name Caleb, the name of one of the only two men who set out with Moses from Egypt to live long enough to enter the promised land (Numbers 26:65). This name, which is derived from a Hebrew word meaning ‘dog’, was popular among the Puritans in the 17th century and was brought by them as a personal name to America.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Middle English word tye, TYE means "pasture."
Female
Egyptian
, the wife of Kauta.
Boy/Male
English
Cleric; secretary.
Female
English
 Pet form of English Theodora, THEA means "gift of God." Compare with another form of Thea.
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Selected; Chosen; Sun; Ball of Fire
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Mighty in Battle
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bramhall.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Latest; Modern
Boy/Male
Hindu
Surname or Lastname
English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Notre-Dame-de-Courson in Calvados, France, which was named with the Romano-Gallic personal name Curtius (from curtus ‘short’) + the locative suffix -o, genitive -onis. There is also a place called Curzon in Vendée, but this is not the source of the English surname.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
God's Support
Boy/Male
African, American, Australian, British, Chinese, English, French, German, Jamaican, Teutonic
Eager; Ready for Battle
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Lord of Equality
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Full of Light
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
JOINT SECRETARY-TO-THE-GOVERNMENT-OF-INDIA
n.
The part or space included between two joints, knots, nodes, or articulations; as, a joint of cane or of a grass stem; a joint of the leg.
a.
Secreting; performing, or connected with, the office secretion; secernent; as, secretory vessels, nerves.
a.
Pertaining to government; made by government; as, governmental duties.
v. t.
To reunite the joints of; to joint anew.
n.
The act of governing; the exercise of authority; the administration of laws; control; direction; regulation; as, civil, church, or family government.
v. t.
To separate the joints; of; to divide at the joint or joints; to disjoint; to cut up into joints, as meat.
v. t.
To provide with a joint or joints; to articulate.
n.
The secretary bird.
a.
Joined; united; combined; concerted; as joint action.
a.
Shared by, or affecting two or more; held in common; as, joint property; a joint bond.
v. t.
To joint; to unite by means of a joint; to put together with joints or at the joints.
v. t.
To join; to connect; to unite; to combine.
v. i.
To fit as if by joints; to coalesce as joints do; as, the stones joint, neatly.
v. t.
To unite by a joint or joints; to fit together; to prepare so as to fit together; as, to joint boards.
n.
A secretory vessel; a secernent.
n.
The body politic governed by one authority; a state; as, the governments of Europe.
n.
An officer of state whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs of a particular department of government, and who is usually a member of the cabinet or advisory council of the chief executive; as, the secretary of state, who conducts the correspondence and attends to the relations of a government with foreign courts; the secretary of the treasury, who manages the department of finance; the secretary of war, etc.
n.
Hence, government of a community, state, or nation by the joint action of the mass of people constituting such a civil body; also, the state of being so governed; democratic government; democracy.
n.
A joining of two things or parts so as to admit of motion; an articulation, whether movable or not; a hinge; as, the knee joint; a node or joint of a stem; a ball and socket joint. See Articulation.