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System for classifying economics research
usually classified according to classification codes derived from the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL). The JEL is published quarterly by the American
JEL_classification_system
Academic journal
widely used classification system for publications in the field of economics. JEL classification codes Journal of Economic Literature: About JEL Archived
Journal of Economic Literature
Journal_of_Economic_Literature
Accounting system used by a nation
accounts is included in the JEL classification codes as JEL: C82 and JEL:E01 National accounts or national account systems (NAS) are the implementation
National_accounts
Factors influencing economic decisions
Research (NBER). 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2026. Luce 2000. "JEL Classification System / EconLit Subject Descriptors". American Economic Association
Behavioral_economics
System of ownership, production and exchange
Stanford HAI". hai.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2025-08-03. JEL classification codes, Economic systems JEL: P Subcategories Bockman, Johanna (2011). Markets in
Economic_system
Violations of the convexity assumptions of elementary economics
Non-convexity (economics) is included in the JEL classification codes as JEL: C65 In economics, non-convexity refers to violations of the convexity assumptions
Non-convexity_(economics)
English economist
modelling worker cooperatives. Pencavel is also the creator of the JEL Classification System, used in an amended form by the AEA to this day. Pencavel was
John_Pencavel
Significant topic in economics
Convexity in economics is included in the JEL classification codes as JEL: C65 Convexity is a geometric property with a variety of applications in economics
Convexity_in_economics
Field that examines the structure of firms and markets
of the JEL Industrial Organization codes is at JEL classification codes#Industrial organization JEL: L Subcategories. JEL: L10 – General JEL: L11 – Production
Industrial_organization
Eastern Algonquian language
followed by jel (meaning 'and' or 'also') and ending with one of the nine numerals: for instance, the number 28 is constructed as tapuisgaꞌq jel ugumuljin
Mi'kmaq_language
Study of government economic and fiscal policy
Literature (JEL) classification codes are one way categorizing the range of economics subjects. There, Public Economics, one of 19 primary classifications, has
Public_economics
Place in Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan
Jel-Aryk (Kyrgyz: Жел-Арык) or (Russian: Джель-Арык) or (Russian: Джиль-Арык) is a village in the Kemin District of Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population
Jel-Aryk
Jel-Tiybes Botanical Reserve (Kyrgyz: Жел-Тийбес ботаникалык заказниги) is a reserve located in Aksy District of Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan to the
Jel-Tiybes_Botanical_Reserve
Study of the development of social production
Wayback Machine At JEL: P as in JEL Classification Codes Guide Archived 2013-11-18 at the Wayback Machine, drilled to at each economic-system link. For example:
Political_economy
Transmission of knowledge and skills
" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. 39 (4): 1101–1136. doi:10.1257/jel.39.4.1101. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved
Education
Academic fields of study or professions
Institutional economics International economics Islamic economics JEL classification codes in searching for articles by fields in economics journals Knowledge
Outline of academic disciplines
Outline_of_academic_disciplines
Market in which goods or services are traded illegally
Economic Literature. 38 (1): 77–114. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.716.8484. doi:10.1257/jel.38.1.77. JSTOR 2565360. Frey, B. S., and Schneider, F. (2015). Informal and
Black_market
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
Achievements". Journal of Education and Learning. 4 (4): 91. doi:10.5539/jel.v4n4p91. Nofte, E. E.; Robins, R. W. (2007). "Personality predictors of academic
Big_Five_personality_traits
Region of Kyrgyzstan
Uzun-Akmat) Botanical reserves (Chanach, Kosh-Tektir, Chatkal, Ryazan-Say, Jel-Tiybes, Kyrgyz-Gava) Game reserves (Toguz-Toro, Chychkan, Chandalash) The
Jalal-Abad_Region
Branch of economics
bidders and no reserve price. In the Journal of Economic Literature Classification System, game theory is classified as C7, under Mathematical and Quantitative
Auction_theory
Branch of economics
historic buildings). The field is coded as JEL: Z11 in the Journal of Economic Literature classification system used for article searches. Cultural economics
Economics of the arts and literature
Economics_of_the_arts_and_literature
Branch of microeconomics
"information economics" is treated under Journal of Economic Literature classification code JEL D8 – Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty. This article reflects
Information_economics
December 10, 2025. Loo, Egan (April 3, 2025). "Strawberry Prince Member Jel's Toi-san Anime Film Unveils Staff, July 18 Debut in Teaser". Anime News Network
List of animated feature films of 2025
List_of_animated_feature_films_of_2025
Rare schools of economic thought
Edition, v. 8, Appendix IV, p. 856, searchable by clicking (the JEL classification codes JEL:) radio button B5, B52, or B59, then the Search button (or Update
Heterodox_economics
Journal of Economic Literature classification codes under JEL: C8 – Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology and JEL: E01 – Measurement and Data on
Economic_data
Economic theory applied to political science
economic consequences" Found in the JEL classification codes at JEL: D71. At JEL: HO – General of the JEL classification codes and as in The New Palgrave
Public_choice
Academic discipline concerned with the exchange of money
that instead, the theory needs revisiting almost entirely: The current system, based on the idea that risk is distributed in the shape of a bell curve
Financial_economics
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
and behavioural game theory are several. At JEL:C7 of the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes. For a more detailed discussion of the
Game_theory
District in Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan
Korool-Döbö and Tegirmenti) Kyzyl-Oktyabr (seat: Kyzyl-Oktyabr; incl. Ak-Beket, Jel-Aryk, Dorozhnoye, Kashkeleng, Kyz-Kyya, Sasyk-Bulak, Udarnik and Cholok)
Kemin_District
Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people
specific endings, which are Greek in origin. Some words are irregular, like te jel – to be. The next three classes are recognizable by suffix in 3rd person
Romani_language
IS/LM model – Isoquant –Isovalue lines – Ithaca Hours Jane Jacobs – JEL classification codes – Job hunting – Joint product pricing – Just price Kaldor-Hicks
Index_of_economics_articles
Economic History". Journal of Economic Literature. 62 (1): 47–114. doi:10.1257/jel.20221564. ISSN 0022-0515. Broadberry, Stephen; Korchmina, Elena (2024). "Catching-Up
Economy_of_Russia
Geographic area outside towns and cities
Archived 2008-10-31 at the Wayback Machine • JEL classification codes#Urban, rural, and regional economics JEL: R Subcategories • Alain de Janvry and
Rural_area
Claims that civil law and common law shape lawmaking
practitioners of comparative law were largely abandoning taxonomic classifications of legal systems. While English common law originated in thirteenth century
Legal_origins_theory
Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2
for COVID-19". Journal of Economic Literature. 60 (1): 41–84. doi:10.1257/jel.20201641. ISSN 0022-0515. Ewing T (12 May 2020). "Flu Masks Failed In 1918
COVID-19_pandemic
Study of the environment
Environment Act 1995". Journal of Environmental Law. 8 (2): 283–300. doi:10.1093/jel/8.2.283. JSTOR 44248083. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Environmental
Environmental_science
Study of rational collective decision-making
properties. The Journal of Economic Literature classification codes place Social Choice under Microeconomics at JEL D71 (with Clubs, Committees, and Associations)
Social_choice_theory
Economics of labour within companies
Journal of Economic Literature classification code, JEL: M5 but overlaps with such labor economics subcategories as JEL: J2, J3, J4, and J5. Subjects treated
Personnel_economics
Bodish language spoken in Bhutan
Adjectives after noun heads. Khengkha is an oral language without a writing system, making tones and nuances important during communication. Khengkha is a
Kheng_language
Relationship between unemployment and job vacancies
A Survey." Journal of Economic Literature 53 (3): 571–630. DOI: 10.1257/jel.53.3.571 Ehrenberg, R.G., Smith, R.S., & Hallock, K.F. (2021). Modern Labor
Beveridge_curve
Species of medium-sized cat native to Eurasia
Western Europe". Journal of Environmental Law. 22 (3): 347–372. doi:10.1093/jel/eqq013. S2CID 42180110. "New photo gives 'indisputable proof' that the lynx
Eurasian_lynx
Baptist". Journal of Economic Literature. 55 (2): 637–643. doi:10.1257/jel.20151334. Alan L. Olmstead; Paul W. Rhode (September 12, 2016). "Cotton,
Slavery_in_the_United_States
separate strategies, Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(4), 133-143, 2005. J.E.L. Farradane. Analysis and organization of knowledge for retrieval, ASLIB
Knowledge_retrieval
Something that motivates individuals to perform
Incentives in Firms". Journal of Economic Literature. 37 (1): 14–15. doi:10.1257/jel.37.1.7. Bram Cadsby, C.; Song, F.; Tapon, F. (April 2007). "Sorting and Incentive
Incentive
Atlantic language group of West Africa
2007. Guinea Languages of the Atlantic group: description and internal classification. (Schriften zur Afrikanistik, 12.) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Sapir
Bak_languages
Football league season
Source: Scoresway Source: Virslīga (in Latvian), Soccerway Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Head-to-head points; 3) Head-to-head goal difference;
2017_Latvian_Higher_League
Process of offering goods or services up for bids
which every single lot is sold. The Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification code for auctions is D44. Auction chant Auction house Auction Network
Auction
Christian denomination in India
accordingly, the JEL Church was constructed in 1909. The Germans were able to learn the local language, culture, customs, and the traditional system of the natives
Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church
Jeypore_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church
Austrian economist and philosopher (1899–1992)
after 75 Years". Journal of Economic Literature. 58 (3): 720–48. doi:10.1257/jel.20191542. ISSN 0022-0515. S2CID 201350365. Ormerod, Paul (2006). "The fading
Friedrich_Hayek
Human losses by participating country
of Economic Literature (Submitted manuscript). 45 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1257/jel.45.1.5. hdl:10197/492. JSTOR 27646746. S2CID 54763671. – p. 19 Devereux,
World_War_II_casualties
Type of competitive behavior
Street Journal. Retrieved 11 September 2022. • At JEL:C7 of the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes. • R.J. Aumann (2008). "game theory
Competition
Relationship between race and crime in the US
Texas". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 15 (4): 916–950. doi:10.1111/jels.12201. ISSN 1740-1461. S2CID 158361514. Bulman, George (2019). "Law Enforcement
Race and crime in the United States
Race_and_crime_in_the_United_States
Eastern Romance language
"to be", or of a personal pronoun, for instance este /jeste/ "is" and el /jel/ "he". This addition of the semivowel /j/ does not occur in more recent loans
Romanian_language
War within a country
(2010). "Civil War". Journal of Economic Literature. 48: 3–57. doi:10.1257/jel.48.1.3. Kalyvas Stathis N. 2007. "Civil Wars". Oxford Handbook of Comparative
Civil_war
Description of how businesses operate
New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-55218-1. JLM de la Iglesia, JEL Gayo, "Doing business by selling free services". Web 2.0: The Business Model
Business_model
Discontinued electronic sampler
and/or the SP-404 as part of their production and performance. These include Jel, Odd Nosdam, Alias, J Dilla, Madlib, JPEGMAFIA, Joji, MF Doom, Jneiro Jarel
Roland_SP-404
Limited-access circumferential highway around Metro Manila
from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2018. Santos, Jel (October 21, 2020). "EDSA today, yesterday – and the promise of better traffic
EDSA
Person who migrates to pursue work
Economic Literature. 44 (4): 869–924. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.77.5215. doi:10.1257/jel.44.4.869. JSTOR 30032389. S2CID 145485291. Lowe, Christian (14 January 2009)
Migrant_worker
2nd season of the I-League 3
Manipur Premier League. Source: i-league.org The Away End Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) head-to-head points; 3) goal difference; 4) goals scored;
2024–25_I-League_3
Branch of economics covering theories of money
Wayback Machine Abstract-links version. • JEL classification codes#Macroeconomics and monetary economics JEL: E Subcategories. • David Hume, 1752. "Of
Monetary_economics
(2017). "Immigration in American Economic History". Journal of Economic Literature. 55 (4): 1311–45. doi:10.1257/jel.20151189. PMC 5794227. PMID 29398723.
Immigration to the United States
Immigration_to_the_United_States
Branch of philosophy
Affairs, 19(2), pp. 111-121. In the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes at JEL: D63, wedged on the same line between 'Equity' and 'Inequality'
Philosophy_and_economics
Policies in the U.S. aimed at redressing systemic discrimination
Literature. 54 (1): 30, 31 and 69. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.683.3907. doi:10.1257/jel.54.1.3. S2CID 1876963. Bleemer, Zachary (2021). "Affirmative Action, Mismatch
Affirmative action in the United States
Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States
articles Index of economics articles Index of international trade topics JEL classification codes List of business theorists List of economic communities List
Outline_of_economics
Policies aiming to increase inclusion of people from marginalized groups
Quality–Fit Trade-off". Journal of Economic Literature. 54 (1): 3–51. doi:10.1257/jel.54.1.3. S2CID 1876963. Arcidiacono, Peter; Aucejo, Esteban M.; Fang, Hanming;
Affirmative_action
Famine in British India during World War II
Famine History". Journal of Economic Literature. 45 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1257/jel.45.1.5. hdl:10197/492. JSTOR 27646746. S2CID 54763671. Ó Gráda, Cormac (2008)
Bengal_famine_of_1943
Economics between nation states
the JEL classification codes, JEL: F51-F55. Links to article-abstract examples for each subclassification are at JEL Classification Codes Guide JEL:F5
International_economics
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
Economics". Journal of Economic Literature. 58 (4): 1129–1179. doi:10.1257/jel.20191597. Bollen, Kenneth A.; Pearl, Judea (2013). "Eight Myths About Causality
Structural_equation_modeling
Branch of applied mathematics
Econophysics Mathematical finance Elaborated at the JEL classification codes, Mathematical and quantitative methods JEL: C Subcategories. Chiang, Alpha C.; Kevin
Mathematical_economics
Statistical technique correcting sampling bias
Econometrics". Journal of Economic Literature. 57 (4): 835–903. doi:10.1257/jel.20181361. ISSN 0022-0515. Toomet, O.; Henningsen, A. (2008). "Sample Selection
Heckman_correction
System in which parties engage in transactions according to supply and demand
Evidence" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. 45 (3): 629–685. doi:10.1257/jel.45.3.629. JSTOR 27646842. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-08
Market_(economics)
Volleyball tournament
ten schools are participating. Source: [citation needed] Rules for classification: 1) Number of wins; 2) match points; 3) sets ratio; 4) points ratio;
NCAA Season 98 volleyball tournaments
NCAA_Season_98_volleyball_tournaments
Statistical method
Economics". Journal of Economic Literature. 48 (2): 281–355. doi:10.1257/jel.48.2.281. S2CID 14166110. Fan; Gijbels (1996). Local Polynomial Modelling
Regression discontinuity design
Regression_discontinuity_design
Study of village economies
Archived 2008-10-31 at the Wayback Machine • JEL classification codes#Urban, rural, and regional economics JEL: R Subcategories • Alain de Janvry and
Rural_economics
Concept in contract theory and economics
Signaling". Journal of Economic Literature. 39 (2): 432–478. doi:10.1257/jel.39.2.432. ISSN 0022-0515. Bergh, Donald D.; Ketchen, David J.; Orlandi, Ilaria;
Information_asymmetry
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
mathematical programming, optimization techniques, and related topics under JEL:C61-C63. In microeconomics, the utility maximization problem and its dual
Mathematical_optimization
Economic activity unregulated by government
Journal of Economic Literature. 38 (38/1). pp. 77–114: 77–114. doi:10.1257/jel.38.1.77. Feige, Edgar L. (2016). "The Meaning and Measurement of Unobserved
Informal_economy
Tüp - Sary-Tologoy - Border of Kazakhstan https://kg.camera/ Law on classification of roads in Kyrgyzstan, including a full list. (Kyrgyz). https://cbd
Roads_in_Kyrgyzstan
Greek-American economist
Making of the Chicago Monetary Tradition, 1927–1960". Journal of Economic Literature. 62 (1): 332–333. doi:10.1257/jel.62.1.317.r10. ISSN 0022-0515.
George_S._Tavlas
Ijaw language spoken in Nigeria
English". Journal of Education and Learning. 2 (2): 126–138. doi:10.5539/jel.v2n2p126. Smith, N. S.; Robertson, I. E.; Williamson, K. (1987). "The Ịjọ
Izon_language
Phenomenon of famines in the Indian subcontinent
Famine History", Journal of Economic Literature, XLV: 5–38, doi:10.1257/jel.45.1.5, hdl:10197/492, S2CID 54763671 Ó Gráda, Cormac (2009), Famine: A Short
Famine_in_India
West Slavic language of eastern Germany
imperative. Subjunctive forms consist of the ł-participle and the particle by: jěł by “would go (by vehicle),” pśišeł by “would come”. The second person singular
Lower_Sorbian_language
Method used to study economic questions
subcategories are found at the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes at JEL: C9. J. DiNardo, 2008. "natural experiments and quasi-natural
Experimental_economics
Species of fungus
Journal of Environmental Biology. 34 (2): 353–358. ProQuest 1355249650. Corey, JEL; Curtis, GDW; Baird, RM (2003). Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA)
Aspergillus_parasiticus
Empirical study
Economics". Journal of Economic Literature. 38 (4): 827–874. doi:10.1257/jel.38.4.827. MacMahon B, Pugh TF. Epidemiologic Methods (Little, Brown; 1960);
Natural_experiment
Study of the markets for wage labour
original (PDF) on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2023. "JEL Classification Codes Guide: M5 Personnel Economics". American Economic Association
Labour_economics
Stratovolcano in Peru
1017/laq.2020.78. ISSN 1045-6635. S2CID 230526835. SouČek, J.; Holub, F. V.; JelÍnek, E.; KlÁpovÁ, H. (1989). Petrology. pp. 78–81. ISBN 0-387-30845-8. Süring
Misti
hand. IS–LM model IS/MP model isoquant Jaimovich–Rebelo preferences JEL classification codes Jevons paradox Joan Robinson's growth model job demands-resources
Glossary_of_economics
Value-added tax or sales tax charged on feminine hygiene products
of Empirical Legal Studies. 15 (3). Rochester, NY: 620–647. doi:10.1111/jels.12188. S2CID 158145756. SSRN 3233238. "Women get their periods every month
Tampon_tax
American statistician and econometrician (1895–1973)
Economics". Journal of Economic Literature. 62 (3): 1186–1212. doi:10.1257/jel.20231700. ISSN 0022-0515. Turgeon, Lynn. Bastard Keynesianism : the evolution
Harold_Hotelling
Form of prejudice or discrimination
Texas". Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. 15 (4): 916–950. doi:10.1111/jels.12201. ISSN 1740-1461. S2CID 158361514. "Killings of Black Men by Whites
Discrimination based on skin tone
Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone
Latvian football league season for the highest division
transmitted via Sportacentrs TV. Source: LFF:Virslīga 2012 Rules for classification: 1st points; 2nd head-to-head points; 3rd head-to-head goal difference;
2012_Latvian_Higher_League
Vocabulary of the Hindustani language
vocabulary of its Hindi parent dialects, it adopted the Persian writing system, "Nastaliq" and many additional Persian vocabulary words. Indeed, the great
Hindustani_vocabulary
1930s" (PDF). Journal of Economic Literature. 55 (4): 1435–1485. doi:10.1257/jel.20161054. S2CID 147049093. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2018
History of the United States (1917–1945)
History_of_the_United_States_(1917–1945)
Ecoregion in Nigeria and Benin
the Country". Journal of Environmental Law. 16 (3): 361–375. doi:10.1093/jel/16.3.361. Stuart, S. N., Stuart, S. N., Adams, R. J., & Jenkins, M. (1990)
Nigerian_lowland_forests
Latvian football league season for the highest division
transmitted via sportacentrs TV. Source: LFF:Virslīga 2013 Rules for classification: 1st points; 2nd head-to-head points; 3rd head-to-head goal difference;
2013_Latvian_Higher_League
Psychology topic
Journal of Economic Literature Health, education, and welfare JEL: I Subcategories at JEL: I3 - Welfare and Poverty. Adam Smith, 1776. The Wealth of Nations
Well-being contributing factors
Well-being_contributing_factors
American/Australian economist (born 1961)
Economics". Journal of Economic Literature. 38 (4): 827–74. doi:10.1257/jel.38.4.827. JSTOR 2698663. Webpage at the University of Oxford Economics Department
Michael_Keane_(economist)
Ethnic group from Kenya
doi:10.1093/jel/eqad020. ISSN 0952-8873. Claridge, Lucy (7 February 2019). "The approach to UNDRIP within the African Regional Human Rights System". The International
Endorois
the original on November 20, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2021. Santos, Jel (August 11, 2021). "Makati LGU to distribute COVID-19 home care packages
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines
COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
JEL CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM