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Computer component
The instruction unit (I-unit or IU), also called, e.g., instruction fetch unit (IFU), instruction issue unit (IIU), instruction sequencing unit (ISU)
Instruction_unit
Central computer component that executes instructions
ALU operations, and a control unit that orchestrates the fetching (from memory), decoding and execution (of instructions) by directing the coordinated
Central_processing_unit
Basic instruction cycle in a computer
The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch–execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU)
Instruction_cycle
Division within the US Federal Bureau of Investigation
the 1970s. The unit was usurped by the Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) and renamed the Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit (BRIU) and currently
Behavioral_Science_Unit
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model that defines the programmable interface of the CPU of a computer, defining how software interacts
Instruction_set_architecture
Combinational digital circuit
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a combinational digital circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise operations on integer binary numbers
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Part of a CPU which performs the operations instructed by the program
execution unit (E-unit or EU) is a part of a processing unit that performs the operations and calculations forwarded from the instruction unit. It may have
Execution_unit
Register that stores where in a program a processor is executing
cycle – Basic instruction cycle in a computer Instruction unit – Computer component Instruction pipeline – Method of improving instruction-level parallelismPages
Program_counter
Instructions directly executable by a computer
central processing unit (CPU) via its programmable interface. A computer program consists primarily of sequences of machine-code instructions. Machine code
Machine_code
CPU architecture
Minimal instruction set computer (MISC) is a central processing unit (CPU) architecture, usually in the form of a microprocessor, with a very small number
Minimal instruction set computer
Minimal_instruction_set_computer
British military unit
in April 1949, but was replaced by the Survival and Rescue Mobile Instruction Unit (SRMIU), again at Thorney Island, in January 1950. The SRMIU would
Defence Survive, Evade, Resist, Extract Training Organisation
Defence_Survive,_Evade,_Resist,_Extract_Training_Organisation
Method of improving instruction-level parallelism
some instruction by dividing incoming instructions into a series of sequential steps (the eponymous "pipeline") performed by different processor units with
Instruction_pipelining
Component of a computer's CPU
the instruction, executing the instruction, and then writing the results back to memory. When the next instruction is placed in the control unit, it changes
Control_unit
Type of parallel processing
there are simultaneous (parallel) computations, but each unit performs exactly the same instruction at any given moment (just with different data). A simple
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
Part of a machine instruction
hardware devices such as arithmetic logic units (ALUs), central processing units (CPUs), and software instruction sets. In ALUs, the opcode is directly applied
Opcode
CPU that implements instruction-level parallelism within a single processor
instructions in parallel by using multiple execution units, whereas the latter (pipeline) executes multiple instructions in the same execution unit in
Superscalar_processor
Computer architecture to aid parallelism
single, wide instruction word dispatched to execution units as one unit. These words can be extremely wide—implementations have used instruction words of
Very_long_instruction_word
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
memory management unit (MMU) and not directly related to the CPU caches. Instruction cache (I-cache) Used to speed executable instruction fetch; some specialized
CPU_cache
Register in a CPU control unit holding the currently-executing instruction
processing unit (CPU), the instruction register (IR) or current instruction register (CIR) is a register in the control unit that stores the instruction currently
Instruction_register
List of x86 microprocessor instructions
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable
List_of_x86_instructions
Computer processor which works on arrays of several numbers at once
vector processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set where its instructions are designed to operate efficiently and architecturally
Vector_processor
Assessment used to determine student outcomes after an academic course
summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against a standard or benchmark. Summative assessments
Summative_assessment
Compiler optimization technique
In computer science, instruction scheduling is a compiler optimization used to improve instruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines
Instruction_scheduling
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
as arm) is a family of RISC instruction set architectures for computer processors. Arm Holdings develops the instruction set architecture and licenses
ARM_architecture_family
Layer of hardware-level instructions or data structures
control unit, another unit within the processor. The basic idea behind microcode is to replace the custom hardware logic implementing the instruction sequencing
Microcode
Highlighting a theme for teaching purposes
teaching (also known as thematic instruction) is the selecting and highlighting of a theme through an instructional unit or module, course, or multiple
Thematic_learning
Problems with central processing unit design
central processing unit (CPU) design, hazards are problems with the instruction pipeline in CPU microarchitectures when the next instruction cannot execute
Hazard (computer architecture)
Hazard_(computer_architecture)
Topics referred to by the same term
Intonational unit, a segment of speech Inuktitut language (ISO 639 alpha-2) Iu interface, in the RANAP telecommunications protocol Instruction unit, the part
IU
Computing paradigm to improve computational efficiency
execution) is an instruction scheduling paradigm used in high-performance central processing units (CPUs) to make use of instruction cycles that would
Out-of-order_execution
32-bit RISC-like computing architecture
Clipper architecture is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC)-like central processing unit (CPU) instruction set architecture designed by Fairchild
Clipper_architecture
Process for design and development of learning resources
Instructional design (ID), also known as instructional systems design and originally known as instructional systems development (ISD), is the practice
Instructional_design
Parallel computing execution model
instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) is an execution model used in parallel computing where a single central "control unit" broadcasts an instruction
Single instruction, multiple threads
Single_instruction,_multiple_threads
Framework or philosophy for effective teaching
Differentiated instruction and assessment, also known as differentiated learning or, in education, simply differentiation, is a framework or philosophy
Differentiated_instruction
Field artillery (plus the Lehr instruction unit) and 24 regiments of Foot artillery (plus another Lehr instruction unit) who operated the heavier pieces
List of Imperial German artillery regiments
List_of_Imperial_German_artillery_regiments
Low-level instructions used in some designs to implement complex machine instructions
processing units, micro-operations (also known as micro-ops or μops, historically also as micro-actions) are detailed low-level instructions used in some
Micro-operation
Processor design concept
thrashing are not occurring, because these are cached in different-size units. Instructions and data are cached in small blocks (cache lines), not entire pages
Translation_lookaside_buffer
Part of computer processors
subsystem by allowing multiple memory-access instructions to be executed in parallel. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – a digital circuit that performs arithmetic
Address_generation_unit
Computer instruction executing another instruction
computer instruction set architecture (ISA), an execute instruction is a machine language instruction which treats data as a machine instruction and executes
Execute_instruction
Instruction set designed by Intel
MMX is a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set architecture extension* designed by Intel, introduced on January 8, 1997 with its Pentium
MMX_(instruction_set)
Modern form of the metric system
The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from its official French name, Système international d'unités), is the
International_System_of_Units
Component of computer engineering
interrupts. However, other microarchitectures often perform more instructions per unit time, using the same logic family. When discussing "improved performance
Microarchitecture
Imperial German Army included 217 regiments of infantry (plus the instruction unit, Lehr Infantry Battalion). Some of these regiments had a history stretching
List of Imperial German infantry regiments
List_of_Imperial_German_infantry_regiments
Central processing unit by Sony Computer Entertainment and Toshiba
instruction, but as the units have a six-stage pipeline, they have a throughput of one instruction per cycle. The FDIV unit has a nine-stage pipeline
Emotion_Engine
Computer instruction which pauses execution
architecture, HLT (halt) is an assembly language instruction which suspends the central processing unit (CPU) until the next external interrupt is fired
HLT_(x86_instruction)
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is an abstract model of a computer, also referred to as computer architecture. A realization of an ISA is called
Comparison of instruction set architectures
Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures
Address from which a CPU starts fetching instructions after a reset
reset vector is the default location a central processing unit will go to find the first instruction it will execute after a reset. The reset vector is a pointer
Reset_vector
execution unit (also called a functional unit (FU)) which share these resources. The term slot is common for this purpose in very long instruction word (VLIW)
Slot_(computer_architecture)
Part of a computer system
a series of instructions that were similar to the libraries, but on those machines with an FPU, they would instead be routed to that unit, which would
Floating-point_unit
Base memory unit handled by a computer
is a fixed-sized datum handled as the natural or historical unit of data by the instruction set or the hardware of a processor. The number of bits or digits
Word_(computer_architecture)
Processor executing one instruction in minimal clock cycles
a reduced instruction set computer (RISC, pronounced "risk") is a computer architecture designed to simplify the individual instructions given to the
Reduced instruction set computer
Reduced_instruction_set_computer
Security-related instruction code processor extension
(SGX) is a set of instruction codes implementing trusted execution environment that are built into some Intel central processing units (CPUs). They allow
Software_Guard_Extensions
Military unit
training element of the United Kingdom's Royal Marines which provides instruction in mountain warfare, arctic warfare, cold weather survival and operations
Mountain Leader Training Cadre
Mountain_Leader_Training_Cadre
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
three main units: an instruction unit (IU), an execution unit (XU), and a vector/scalar execution unit (VSU). The IU contains an L1 instruction cache, branch
Cell_(processor)
Computer architecture hardware algorithm
dynamic scheduling of instructions that allows out-of-order execution and enables more efficient use of multiple execution units. It was developed by Robert
Tomasulo's_algorithm
Predecessor to the kilogram
The grave (/ɡræv/, French: [ɡʁav]), abbreviated gv, is the unit of mass used in the first metric system, which was implemented in France in 1793. In 1795
Grave_(unit)
Method of CPU communication
commonly known as channels on mainframe computers, which execute their own instructions. Memory-mapped I/O uses the same address space to address both main memory
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Digital circuit
definitively. The purpose of the branch predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline. Branch predictors play a critical role in achieving high performance
Branch_predictor
Vacuum-tube 1950s computer system
of these had an instruction set that was compatible with the 650. The basic 650 system consisted of three units: IBM 650 Console Unit housed the magnetic
IBM_650
executed when ready. Results are identified by the unit that will execute the corresponding instruction. Implicitly register renaming solves WAR and WAW
Reservation_station
Machine instruction executing another instruction repeatedly
computer instruction set architectures (ISA), a repeat instruction is a machine language instruction that repeatedly executes another instruction a fixed
Repeat_instruction
Model independent architecture for the S/360 line of mainframe computers
S/360 line of mainframe computers, including but not limited to the instruction set architecture. The elements of the architecture are documented in
IBM_System/360_architecture
Aspect of CPU performance
In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance:
Cycles_per_instruction
Specialized electronic circuit that accelerates graphics
processing unit (PPU) Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) Ray-tracing hardware Single instruction, multiple threads (SIMT) Software rendering Vision processing unit (VPU)
Graphics_processing_unit
Educational design method
become so lost in the factual detail of a unit that they miss the point of studying the original topic. Instruction looks toward global understandings and
Backward_design
Group of 32-bit RISC processor cores
Optional Memory Protection Unit (MPU): 8 or 16 regions. Optional Embedded Trace Macrocell (ETM): instruction-only, or instruction and data. Optional Retention
ARM_Cortex-M
Microprocessor core model by ARM
The ARM Cortex-A78 is a central processing unit implementing the ARMv8.2-A 64-bit instruction set designed by ARM Ltd.'s Austin centre.[failed verification]
ARM_Cortex-A78
Register in a computer's CPU
the MDR, it is written to go in one direction. When there is a write instruction, the data to be written is placed into the MDR from another CPU register
Memory_buffer_register
CPU optimization unit
exception is encountered when the execution unit encounters a branch instruction i.e. either a jump or a call instruction. In this case, the entire queue must
Prefetch_input_queue
1934 German medium tank
June 1941. The last known surviving Neubaufahrzeug was used by a Lehr instruction unit in late 1944 as a target for training the Volkssturm in the use of
Neubaufahrzeug
Series of microarchitectures and instruction set architecture by AMD
Processing Units (APUs), including those in the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. GCN was succeeded by the RDNA microarchitecture and instruction set architecture
Graphics_Core_Next
Instruction set architecture by Hitachi
SuperH (or SH) is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hitachi and currently produced by Renesas
SuperH
Higher level of microcode
the instruction set of a computer. The instruction set for millicode is a subset of the machine's native instruction set, omitting those instructions that
Millicode
Multi-chip CPU by IBM implementing the POWER instruction set architecture
an instruction-cache unit (ICU), a fixed-point unit (FXU), a floating point unit (FPU), a number of data-cache units (DCU), a storage-control unit (SCU)
POWER1
stores the instructions in their dynamic sequence. When these instructions are encountered again, the trace cache allows the instruction fetch unit of a processor
Trace_cache
RISC processor architecture
ID – Instruction Decode unit Operation: Decode the instruction and access the register file to read the registers. This unit gets instruction from IF
DLX
The x86 instruction set has several times been extended with SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) instruction set extensions. These extensions, starting
List_of_x86_SIMD_instructions
Instructional strategy and educational philosophy
Mastery learning is an instructional strategy and educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of students achieving a high level of competence
Mastery_learning
Military training centre for survival at sea in Somerset, England
of the School of Air/Sea Rescue and the Survival and Rescue Mobile Instruction Unit Lifeboat College at Poole in Dorset, has a similar Sea Survival Centre
Underwater Escape Training Unit
Underwater_Escape_Training_Unit
Military unit
is a unit of the Portuguese Army and serves as the instruction center for recruitment and training of the Portuguese paratroopers. This unit includes
Paratroopers Regiment (Portugal)
Paratroopers_Regiment_(Portugal)
United States military award
Archives. "Presidential Unit Citation". Twitter- Assistant Secretary for Health. January 19, 2021. "COMMISSIONED CORPS INSTRUCTION 511.01" (PDF). Commissioned
Presidential Unit Citation (United States)
Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)
types of instructions in the instruction stream. As this is often not the case in practice, traditional CPUs often have many idle functional units. In TRIPS
TRIPS_architecture
Computer memory management instruction
In computing, a cache control instruction is a hint embedded in the instruction stream of a processor intended to improve the performance of hardware
Cache_control_instruction
Part of a computer processor
the instruction that is executed next, of a taken conditional branch or unconditional branch instruction before the target of the branch instruction is
Branch_target_predictor
In microprocessor architecture
design. Its 64-bit double-precision floating-point unit, and 128-bit VMX unit (using the AltiVec instruction set), can perform a theoretical 12 floating-point
Power_Processing_Element
Type of computer processor design
transport buses and multiple functional units connected to the buses, which provides opportunities for instruction-level parallelism. The parallelism is
Transport triggered architecture
Transport_triggered_architecture
Type of educational assessment
Pre-assessment is a test taken by students before a new unit to find out what the students need more instruction on and what they may already know. A pre-assessment
Pre-assessment
Method of instruction based on behavioral theories of Skinner
a preceding unit. In any case, specific learning objectives should be definable for each discrete unit of content. Self-paced instruction—Students should
Keller_Plan
Average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle
speed of the clock, instruction pipelining and superscalar processor design have evolved so CPUs can use a variety of execution units in parallel – looking
Instructions_per_cycle
Class of computer architecture
modern SISD computers. Instructions are sent to the control unit from the memory module and are decoded and sent to the processing unit which processes on
Single instruction, single data
Single_instruction,_single_data
Programmable machine that processes data
control unit's role in interpreting instructions has varied somewhat in the past. Although the control unit is solely responsible for instruction interpretation
Computer
sequencer unit, common on-chip processor unit (COP), instruction fetch unit, and instruction queue and dispatch unit. The fixed point unit executes integer
RISC_Single_Chip
Law enforcement investigative technique
Author Unknown: On the Trail of Anonymous. "Behavioral Research and Instruction Unit". FBI.gov. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original
Offender_profiling
Operation common in numerical signal processing
product to an accumulator. The hardware unit that performs the operation is known as a multiplier–accumulator (MAC unit); the operation itself is also often
Multiply–accumulate_operation
Computer chip instruction set extension
central processing units (CPUs) shortly after the appearance of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD's) 3DNow!. SSE contains 70 new instructions (65 unique mnemonics
Streaming_SIMD_Extensions
Type of computing architecture
not have any predefined instruction set or microcode. The compiler generates nanocodes which directly control functional units, registers and multiplexers
No_instruction_set_computing
Computer hardware
hardware unit used in an extension to Tomasulo's algorithm to support out-of-order and speculative instruction execution. The extension forces instructions to
Re-order_buffer
British departmental multiple unit classification system
(SR research and tractor units) Class 933 (SR mobile instruction units) Class 935 (4PEP research units) Class 936 (Sandite units, ex-Classes 311 and 501)
List of British Rail departmental multiple unit classes
List_of_British_Rail_departmental_multiple_unit_classes
long instruction word (VLIW, Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (MIMD), up to 256 bit) instruction set it additionally uses a 4-way single instruction, multiple
FR-V_(microprocessor)
Computer instruction set introduced by AMD in 2009
Operations) instruction set, announced by AMD on May 1, 2009, is an extension to the 128-bit SSE core instructions in the x86 and AMD64 instruction set for
XOP_instruction_set
Part of a computer system
engineering, a load–store unit (LSU) is a specialized execution unit responsible for executing all load and store instructions, generating virtual addresses
Load–store_unit
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