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Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning
Ijtihad (/ˌɪdʒtəˈhɑːd/ IJ-tə-HAHD; Arabic: اجتهاد ijtihād [ʔidʒ.tihaːd], lit. 'physical effort' or 'mental effort') is an Islamic legal term referring
Ijtihad
Ijtihad-class patrol boat lead ship
KDB Ijtihad (17) is the lead ship of the Ijtihad-class patrol boats. The vessel is in active service in the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN). A total of four Ijtihad-class
KDB_Ijtihad
Islamic law
for deriving rulings from scriptural sources using a process known as ijtihad, a concept adopted by Shiism in much later periods meaning mental effort
Sharia
Highest clerical rank in Usuli Twelver Shia Islam
has acquired the license to engage in ijtihad (ʾijāz al-ʾijtihād) from one or several ayatollahs. However ijtihad is not always comprehensive and so a
Marja'
scriptures (the Quran) and other texts (the Hadith), a process called ijtihad.[page needed] This reinterpreting can vary from minor to fundamental, including
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam
Canadian educator (born 1968)
Qur'an's influence. He also argues that Manji promotes ijtihad while overlooking that "ijtihad is a sword that cuts both ways." Al-Shawaf also laments
Irshad_Manji
Expert in Islamic jurisprudence
prophet Muhammad). Sharia is expanded and developed by interpretation (ijtihad) of the Quran and sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) and implemented by
Faqīh
Fundamentalist movement within Sunni Islam
perform Ijtihad on legal questions and condemned Taqleed of Mujtahids. This stance pitted them against the Ottoman Sufi ulema who shunned Ijtihad and obligated
Wahhabism
Usul al-fiqh Principles underpinning Islamic law
(madhahib). This interpretive apparatus is brought together under the rubric of ijtihad, which refers to a jurist's exertion in an attempt to arrive at a ruling
Principles of Islamic jurisprudence
Principles_of_Islamic_jurisprudence
Branch of Shia Islam
founder of Shia Ijtihad, was the first to establish the bases of reasoning in Shia Jurisprudence. His book al-Mabsut is the first book of Ijtihad which derives
Twelver_Shi'ism
Shia sect of Islam
the Twelvers. Nizari teachings emphasise pluralism, social justice and ijtihad (a term referring to the practise of independent reasoning by experts in
Nizari_Isma'ilism
School in Twelver Shia Islam
Islam in opposition to the minority Akhbarism. The Usulis favor the use of ijtihad (reasoning) in the creation of new rules of jurisprudence; in assessing
Usulism
2010 Brunei navy ship class
The Ijtihad class consists of four fast patrol boats built by Lürssen Werft in Germany, and delivered to Brunei Darussalam in 2009. They patrol the coast
Ijtihad-class_patrol_boat
Hanafi school of Islamic law (late 19th century)
the other hand, Ijtihad is also widely recognized as an important means of adapting Islamic law to new contexts and challenges. Ijtihad involves independent
Deobandi_fiqh
Islamic legal schools of law
particular madhhab which varies from region to region, but also believe that ijtihad must be exercised by the contemporary scholars capable of doing so. Most
Madhhab
Nonbinding legal opinion in Islamic law
rulings directly from the scriptural sources through independent reasoning (ijtihad), evaluating the reliability of hadith and applying or even developing
Fatwa
Supreme Leader of Iran since 2026
mujtahid, a scholar qualified to perform independent legal reasoning (ijtihad) in Islamic law. Khamenei first joined the Islamic Revolutionary Guards
Mojtaba_Khamenei
Islamic jurisprudence
companions). Fiqh expands and develops sharia through interpretation (ijtihad) of the Quran and sunnah by Islamic jurists (ulama) and is implemented
Fiqh
contains rational proofs (al-adella al-aqliya). Akhund Khurasani says that Ijtihad is a process in which jurist “exerts his full capacity in order to arrive
Kifayat_al-Usul
The Ijtihadi family (or Khandān-e-Ijtihād) is sub-branch of the Naqvis. The family uses last name "Naqvi" to denote that they are descendants of the Islamic
Ijtihadi_family
Iranian scholar and mystic (1866–1947)
travelled to Najaf to continue his higher studies and to attain the status of Ijtihad. In Najaf, he studied under Muhammad Kazem Khorasani ( Akhoond Khorasani)
Ali_Tabatabaei
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
Presiding over Islamic courts was a Qadi, or judge. Since the closing of the ijtihad, or 'Gate of Interpretation', Qadis throughout the Ottoman Empire focused
Ottoman_Empire
Islamic jurisprudence in Shi'a Islam
important such as difference of hadith in one hand and the distinctions of Ijtihad or authority in other hand. There are two early scholars in principles
Usul_Fiqh_in_Ja'fari_school
Muslim legal scholars
Prophet (aṣ-ṣaḥābah), which gave more leeway to independent reasoning (ijtihad) within the boundaries of the rules of qiyās. The Hanafis hold that strict
Ulama
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
of an individual interpreting law with independent reasoning is called ijtihad. Those who interpret shariah are known as muftis and their legal opinions
Islam
Close friends or disciples of Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Companions_of_the_Prophet
Sources of Islamic Law
circumstances. Akhbari Ja'faris rely more on scriptural sources and reject ijtihad. According to Momen, despite considerable differences in the principles
Sources_of_Sharia
Country in Southeast Asia
battalions stationed around the country. The Brunei navy has several "Ijtihad"-class patrol boats purchased from a German manufacturer. The United Kingdom
Brunei
Innovation in religious matters in Islam
attempts at ijtihad" (creative reasoning in legal decisions) "came to be condemned as bidah", because the doctrine that the "gates of Ijtihad" were closed
Bid'ah
Pre-eminent legal school in Shia Islam
from the predominant madhhabs of Sunni jurisprudence in its reliance on ijtihad, as well as on matters of inheritance, religious taxes, commerce, personal
Ja'fari_school
10th century Islamic legal scholar
reach the level of ijtihad but with little exception ascribe to the legal opinions of al-Shafi'i. before reaching the level of ijtihad El Shamsy, Ahmed
Ibn_al-Mundhir
Indian law on triple talaq
its validity. The prominent medieval jurist Ibn Taymiyya famously used ijtihad (independent legal reasoning) to issue fatwas that delegitimized the practice
Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019
Muslim_Women_(Protection_of_Rights_on_Marriage)_Act,_2019
Tunisian Islamic scholar (1879–1973)
the shari'ah must be engaged. Ibn Ashur called for ijtihad in the strongest terms. He said, "Ijtihad is a collective duty (fard al-kifayah) on the community
Ibn_Ashur
Indian academic (born 1966)
[citation needed] He maintains two websites which archive his articles: Ijtihad and Glocaleye. Khan writes for the On Faith Forum for the Washington Post
M._A._Muqtedar_Khan
Shi'a seminary
(AMI). Founded in 1993 by Shaykh Arif Abdulhussain, who received ijāza of ijtihād from Ayatollah Hussain Amini and Ayatollah Professor Sayyid Mostafa Mohaghegh
Hawza
Sahabi of Islamic Prophet Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Tamim_al-Dari
Approach to Sunni Islamic Law
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Wasatism
regards to Islamic law and the personal practice of Islamic spirituality. Ijtihad is the questioning of traditional interpretations of sharia in the light
Inclusive_Mosque_Initiative
Overview of the marital life of Fatima, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Marital_life_of_Fatima
Islamic education system in the Indian subcontinent
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Alia_Madrasa
Muslim scholar (1706–1791)
situation, whether or not it is specifically addressed in Quran or Hadith (see Ijtihad). Traditionally these intellectual principles were analysed through the
Muhammad_Baqir_Behbahani
Adherents of Islam
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Muslims
religious taxes, such as zakat and khums. List of deceased maraji Marja Ijtihad Ayatollah List of ayatollahs List of hujjatul Islams Pike, John. "Twelvers
List_of_current_maraji
Islamic scholar (1181–1262)
generation. He was described by Al-Dhahabi as someone who attained the rank of ijtihad, with asceticism and piety and the command of virtue and forbidding of
Izz_al-Din_ibn_'Abd_al-Salam
Tenth of the Twelve Shia Imams (828–868)
Mourning of Muharram Intercession Occultation Wilayat al-Faqih Usul al-fiqh Ijtihad Taqlid Irfan Practices Salat Sawm Hajj Zakat Khums Jihad Amr bi-l maʿrūf
Ali_al-Hadi
Arabic term for religiously forbidden in Islam
on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) Fiqh Ijazah Ijma Ijtihad Ikhtilaf Istihlal Istihsan Istishab Madhhab Madrasah Maslaha Qiyas Taqlid
Haram
al-nabīyya, on jurisprudence, published in Egypt, 1937. Maṣādir al-anwār fī al-ijtihād wa al-akhbār, printed in Baghdad, 1923 and in Najaf, 1924. Dhakhīrat al-albāb
Mirza_Muhammad_al-Akhbari
Iraqi Shiite cleric
closeness to Allah. He stressed that each school of thought has its own Ijtihad (interpretation of Hadith), but such diversity should not create hostility
Ahmed_Al-Waeli
Following the teaching of an Islamic scholar rather than reasoning independently
imitation". This refers to the perceived stagnation of independent effort (ijtihad) and uncritical imitation of traditional religious interpretation by the
Taqlid
Islamic scholar, jurist, and eponym of Islam (1703–1792) from Saudi Arabia
and study the Quran. He opposed blind taqlid and called for the use of ijtihad (independent legal reasoning through research of scripture). Being given
Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab
Islamic jurist qualified to issue a nonbinding opinion on a point of Islamic law
rulings directly from the scriptural sources through independent reasoning (ijtihad), evaluating the reliability of hadith and applying or even developing
Mufti
Iranian-Iraqi Shia marja' (1815–1895)
at the religious seminary in Isfahan beginning in 1832, and was granted ijtihad in 1835. He then moved to Najaf in 1845, and studied under many senior
Mirza_al-Shirazi
Islamic legal term for juristic discretion
the principles of legal thought underlying scholarly interpretation or ijtihad. A number of disputes existed amongst the classical jurists over this principle
Istihsan
Honorific title within the Twelver Shia clergy
course (advanced courses of the seminary) and reached the level of Ijtihad. Ijtihad implies the ability to independently derive rulings using legal and
Seghatoleslam
Ijtihad-class patrol boat in the Royal Brunei Navy
vessel is in active service in the Royal Brunei Navy (RBN). A total of four Ijtihad-class fast patrol boats were commissioned into service with the Royal Brunei
KDB_Afiat
Salafi reformist scholar and theologian (1865–1935)
that supported the continuity of ijtihad, Riḍā employed its doctrine into practice. He defined the application of ijtihad strictly in terms of "pure adherence
Rashid_Rida
Prophet of Islam
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Daniel_in_Islam
Arabic term for reform
al-Salih). Islahi ulema oppose taqlid, strongly argue for the necessity of ijtihad and are often referred to as salafis. The word is opposite to the word
Islah
Second-largest branch of Islam
(source of emulation), the senior jurist whose qualified legal reasoning (ijtihad) ordinary believers are expected to follow in matters of religious practice
Shia_Islam
21st-century Pakistani Ayatollah
Naqi Naqvi, notebook p. 9 & 10 Qum, Iran 2005 Original documents, (Ijaza ijtihad) 1999 – 2000 – 2001, Qum, Iran 2005 "المنتظر لائبريرى- جامعۃ المنتظر- تفصیلی
Syed_Ali_Naqi_Naqvi_Qumi
Granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Umm_Kulthum_bint_Ali
Islamic princess, descendant of Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Sakina_bint_Husayn
Sunni Islamic school
the Farahi school puts greater emphasis on the self-source of reasoning (Ijtihad) of the individual, seeking to tackle modern issues within a paradigm based
Farahi_school
Sufi religious leader and teacher in West Africa
on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) Fiqh Ijazah Ijma Ijtihad Ikhtilaf Istihlal Istihsan Istishab Madhhab Madrasah Maslaha Qiyas Taqlid
Marabout
Youngest Daughter of Abu Bakr al-siddiq
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Umm_Kulthum_bint_Abi_Bakr
9th and 10th-century Sunni scholar
well-versed in numerous Islamic fields such as fiqh (reaching the level of Ijtihad) as well as in the sciences of astronomy, medicine, history and other disciplines
Ibn_Hibban
British Islamic scholar (born 1963)
www.akramnadwi.com Religious life Religion Islam Jurisprudence Hanafi, Ijtihad Movement Nadwi-Deobandi Muslim leader Teacher Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi
Akram_Nadwi
perform ijtihad based on the narrations, and only gathered them as a primary source. Mahdavi Rad M, Mosallaeipur A, Fahimi Tabar H., "Exertion (Ijtihad) in
Tafsir_Noor_al-Thaqalayn
Palestinian Muslim scholar (1914–1977)
causes of stagnation included the Ottoman Empire's closing of the doors of ijtihad, its failure to understand "the intellectual and legislative side of Islam"
Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani
Islamic religious movement in South Asia
Tawhid and a return to the Sunnah, and claimed Ijtihad just like Ibn Taymiyya. Shah maintained that Ijtihad is essential for Muslim scholars for all ages
Ahl-i_Hadith
Palestinian-American Islamic scholar (1921–1986)
3 (1). 1977. "Al-Ijtihad wa al-Ijma' ka-Tarafay al-Dinamikiyah fi al-Islam (الاجتهاد والإجماع كطرفي الديناميكية في الإسلام)" [Ijtihad and Ijma' as the
Ismail_al-Faruqi
Iranian Shi'a jurist and political activist (1839–1911)
Akhund Khurasani wrote the following books: Akhund Khurasani says that Ijtihad is a process in which jurist "exerts his full capacity in order to arrive
Muhammad_Kazim_Khurasani
Shia Islamic guardianship concept
Iran) in the late 18th century that gave Shi'i ulama the power to use of ijtihad (i.e., reasoning) in the creation of new rules of fiqh, exclude hadith
Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist
First ambassador of Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Uthman_ibn_Sa'id_al-Asadi
Islamic term referring to a type of infernal fire
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Nar_as-samum
Descendant from the family of Muhammad
on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) Fiqh Ijazah Ijma Ijtihad Ikhtilaf Istihlal Istihsan Istishab Madhhab Madrasah Maslaha Qiyas Taqlid
Sharif
Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian (780–855)
eluded human comprehension. Ibn Hanbal favoured independent reasoning (ijtihad) and rejected blind following (taqlid) in the case of scholars, although
Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal
Egyptian political theorist and revolutionary (1906–1966)
forbidden). They have accused Qutb of amateur scholarship, overuse of ijtihad, innovation in Ijma (which Qutb felt should not be limited to scholars
Sayyid_Qutb
Timing of Islamic prayers
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Salah_times
Islamic scholar
need, and in the last years of his life, he wrote the book, al-Nass wa l-ijtihad. Sharaf al-Din died in 1957 in Lebanon. He is buried near the Imam Ali
Abd al-Husayn Sharaf al-Din al-Musawi
Abd_al-Husayn_Sharaf_al-Din_al-Musawi
Honorific title in some cultures
on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) Fiqh Ijazah Ijma Ijtihad Ikhtilaf Istihlal Istihsan Istishab Madhhab Madrasah Maslaha Qiyas Taqlid
Khawaja
Attitude of Islam's followers to terrorist actions
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Muslim attitudes toward terrorism
Muslim_attitudes_toward_terrorism
Islamic concept
on Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh) Fiqh Ijazah Ijma Ijtihad Ikhtilaf Istihlal Istihsan Istishab Madhhab Madrasah Maslaha Qiyas Taqlid
Itmam_al-Hujjah
Scholar of Islam
work challenging the notion of the so-called "the closing of the gate of ijtihad," a narrative that was for long accepted in the field as paradigmatic.
Wael_Hallaq
Religious leadership in Islamic social circles
Islamic scriptures. These were traditionally Muftis who used interpretation (ijtihad) to clarify Islamic law, but in many modern secular contexts, Islamic law
Islamic_religious_leaders
Companion and cousin of Muhammad
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Fakhitah_bint_Abi_Talib
The world in Islam
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Dunya
Strand of Sunni Islam
picture of traditionalists, who cling to the ''closing of the gates of Ijtihad (opining)'', neo-traditionalists do not deny the need for and wisdom of
Islamic_neo-traditionalism
Bahraini Twelver Shia cleric (1695–1772)
century Twelver Shia debates between Akhbaris and Usulis on the nature of ijtihad and jurisprudence. He is known among Shia scholars for his book entitled
Yusuf_al-Bahrani
Mourning of Muharram Intercession Occultation Wilayat al-Faqih Usul al-fiqh Ijtihad Taqlid Irfan Practices Salat Sawm Hajj Zakat Khums Jihad Amr bi-l maʿrūf
Akhbar_(Shia_Islam)
Arabic term used to refer to the collective nation of Muslim people
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Ummah
Denial of Islamic belief in the face of persecution
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Taqiyya
Syrian Hanafi Jurist
current urf in fatwas, is the use of ijtihad (individual interpretation or exertion of effort). The use of ijtihad was said to have been ended amongst
Ibn_Abidin
Lebanese cleric (1935–2010)
Mourning of Muharram Intercession Occultation Wilayat al-Faqih Usul al-fiqh Ijtihad Taqlid Irfan Practices Salat Sawm Hajj Zakat Khums Jihad Amr bi-l maʿrūf
Mohammad_Hussein_Fadlallah
Continuous charity in Islam
Inayah (13 January 2023). "Cash Wakf Implementation Viewed From Bi Al-Urfi Ijtihad Methodology". J-Reb: Journal Research of Economic and Business. 2 (1):
Sadaqah_Jariyah
Goals or objectives of Islamic law
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Maqasid
Companion of Muhammad (died 623)
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
As'ad_ibn_Zurara
Afterlife and resurrection in Islam
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Akhirah
Circumcision for religious purposes
Pilgrimage Texts Foundations Quran Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Tafsir (exegesis) Ijtihad Aqidah (creed) Qisas al-Anbiya (Stories of the Prophets) Mathnawi (poems)
Religion_and_circumcision
Bahraini theologian and Safavid court judge
Mourning of Muharram Intercession Occultation Wilayat al-Faqih Usul al-fiqh Ijtihad Taqlid Irfan Practices Salat Sawm Hajj Zakat Khums Jihad Amr bi-l maʿrūf
Salih_al-Karzakani
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