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considering pathogens, host adaptation can have varying descriptions. For example, in the case of Salmonella, host adaptation is used to describe the
Host_adaptation
Species of flavivirus causing West Nile fever
environments. These findings show how dinucleotide composition contributes to host adaptation in arboviruses and have implications for strategies in potential vaccine
West_Nile_virus
Evolutionary process
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings. Firstly, it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment
Adaptation
Species of fungus
increasing their fitness. This host manipulation is termed the "extended phenotype" of the parasite and is a form of adaptation. Host ant manipulation by O. unilateralis
Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis
Genus of bacteria
a possible role of the Neolithization process in the evolution of host adaptation. Additional reconstructed genomes from colonial Mexico suggest S. enterica
Salmonella
Japanese manga series
live-action film adaptation, and a visual novel by Idea Factory. Three musical adaptations were staged in Japan from 2022 to 2023. Ouran High School Host Club has
Ouran_High_School_Host_Club
this is unknown. Actual host susceptibility can differ significantly from in silico predictions. The process of host adaptation has been studied in humanized
Zoonotic_origins_of_COVID-19
of sophisticated adaptations and counter-adaptations. Parasitic birds have evolved the ability to mimic the color and shape of host eggs, thereby reducing
Co-adaptation
Local adaptation is a mechanism in evolutionary biology whereby a population of organisms evolves to be more well-suited to its local environment than
Local_adaptation
Species of bacterium
encode peroxide responsive regulators, and these regulators promote host adaptation as they contain approximately 17 genes which aid in signaling. L. interrogans
Leptospira_interrogans
Genus of bacteria
Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine and for the recruitment
Limosilactobacillus
Evolutionary change of the host specificity of a parasite or pathogen
to complete host adaptation and the capability for a larger epidemic and the pathogen can sustainably survive in its new host – i.e. host switch. Sufficiently
Host_switch
Organism that harbours another organism
them. Monophagous insects have developed specific adaptations to overcome those in their specialist hosts, giving them an advantage over polyphagous species
Host_(biology)
Japanese manga series
Everyday Host (Japanese: えぶりでいホスト, Hepburn: Eburidei Hosuto) is a Japanese four-panel manga series written and illustrated by Nimo Gotō. Originally published
Everyday_Host
Animal reliance on other individuals to raise its young
nearly universal adaptation. The generalist brown-headed cowbird may have evolved an egg coloration mimicking a number of their hosts. Size may also be
Brood_parasitism
Climate change organization
The Global Center on Adaptation (GCA) is an international organization focused on climate change adaptation. Hosted by the Netherlands, GCA engages in
Global_Center_on_Adaptation
American actor (born 1959)
"PEOPLE's 'Most Beautiful'". People.com. Retrieved 2026-01-29. "Tom Hanks Hosting Adaptation of O'Reilly Book". MSN.com. Archived from the original on September
Billy_Campbell
British actor (born 1985)
Riding Hood. He was chosen to play Jared Howe in the 2013 film adaptation of The Host, based on Stephenie Meyer's science fiction novel of the same name
Max_Irons
Improvisational radio and TV comedy show
suggestions or predetermined prompts from the host. The show ostensibly takes the form of a game show, with the host arbitrarily assigning points and likewise
Whose_Line_Is_It_Anyway?
Phenomenon in evolutionary biology
clonal interference influences the evolutionary dynamics of plasmid-host adaptation, resulting in faster stabilisation of plasmids in a population. The
Clonal_interference
then-novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade in 2020. Host adaptation has been noted as being "rapid"; the most recent outbreak was posited
PB2_E627K_mutation
Works based on Charles Dickens's 1843 novella
on PBS. The production was based on Dickens's own adaptation for his dramatic readings. It was hosted by Robert MacNeil and featured James Earl Jones as
Adaptations of A Christmas Carol
Adaptations_of_A_Christmas_Carol
1930 novel by Gwen Bristow and Bruce Manning
The Invisible Host is a 1930 American mystery/thriller novel written by the husband-wife team of Gwen Bristow and Bruce Manning. It was published by The
The_Invisible_Host
Type of interaction between species
PMID 17148381. Lively, C. M.; Dybdahl, M. F. (2000). "Parasite adaptation to locally common host genotypes" (PDF). Nature. 405 (6787): 679–81. Bibcode:2000Natur
Parasitism
Phyletic symbiosis in microbiome research
relationships influence host adaptation becomes increasingly important. Research has shown that microbiomes can facilitate host adaptation to new environments
Phylosymbiosis
Theory of cross-cultural adaptation
host environment Need to integrate the traditionally separate areas of investigation of long-term and short-term adaptation Cross cultural adaptation
Integrative communication theory
Integrative_communication_theory
Genus of beetles
Daniel J. (1998): Isolating a role for natural selection in speciation: host adaptation and sexual isolation in Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles. Evolution
Neochlamisus
Professor of biology
moved to the University of Birmingham for her doctoral studies on host adaptation in Septoria nodorum, supervised by Chris Caten. She has described the
Anne_Osbourn
2012 Japanese film
directed by Choru Han [ja]. The film is a live action adaptation of the manga series Ouran High School Host Club by Bisco Hatori. It was released on March 17
Ouran High School Host Club (film)
Ouran_High_School_Host_Club_(film)
International song competition
it was later handed over to Voxovation, a company created to develop adaptations of the contest format in different territories with licence from the
Eurovision_Song_Contest_Asia
2013 film by Andrew Niccol
Wilkinson, Amy (June 27, 2011). "'The Host' Lands Release Date: Here's What We Know About Stephenie Meyer Adaptation". MTV. Archived from the original on
The_Host_(2013_film)
Genetic structure of Influenza A virus
that encode for various viral proteins essential for replication, host adaptation, and immune evasion. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype
H5N1_genetic_structure
Climate change adaptation knowledge network
Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Food Security in Africa (EBAFOSA). The Global Adaptation Network has four main areas of work: The Global Adaptation Network hosts adaptation
Global_Adaptation_Network
Species of bacterium
Pusterla, Nicola; Mapes, Samantha M; Gebhart, Connie (2012). "Evidence of host adaptation in Lawsonia intracellularis infections". Veterinary Research. 43 (1):
Lawsonia_intracellularis
American actress and writer
an American stand-up comedian, actress, television host, writer, director, producer, and podcast host. Buteau was born in New Jersey to a Haitian father
Michelle_Buteau
Indian actor and film producer (b. 1965)
humanitarian causes through his charity, Being Human Foundation. He has been hosting the reality show Bigg Boss since 2010. Khan's off-screen life is marred
Salman_Khan
American actor, television personality, and game show host (born 1962)
was slated to host a game show adaptation of the board game Trivial Pursuit: America Plays beginning in fall 2008. Although he hosted the pilot, he was
Mark_L._Walberg
Australian actor (born 1969)
born 31 August 1969) is an Australian actor and television personality. He hosted Network 10's revival of Australian Survivor from 2016 to 2025. As an actor
Jonathan_LaPaglia
Fictional character from Ouran High School Host Club
and anime series, Haruhi has appeared in several official adaptations of Ouran High School Host Club. Prior to the anime's production, she was voiced by
Haruhi_Fujioka
English filmmaker (born 1992)
Of The Ghoul' For 'Host' Helmer Rob Savage Ritman, Alex (2023-02-22). "'Host,' 'Dashcam' Director Rob Savage Tapped for TV Adaptation of Supernatural Horror
Rob_Savage
Subspecies of bacterium
(January 2015). "Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella_enterica_subsp._enterica
Mutually adaptive genetic change of a host and a parasite
hypothesis, namely that both host and parasite have to change continuously to keep up with each other's adaptations. Host–parasite coevolution is ubiquitous
Host–parasite_coevolution
American author, screenwriter, and director
resemblance to the novel. Mary Harron's adaptation of American Psycho was released in 2000. Roger Avary's adaptation of The Rules of Attraction was released
Bret_Easton_Ellis
2021 browser game
orders 'Wordle' game show hosted by Savannah Guthrie". CNN. Retrieved 2026-05-11. "Wordle: Savannah Guthrie to host TV adaptation of New York Times puzzle"
Wordle
Organism populations in conservation
reduce differentiation at neutral markers, but did not prevent local host adaptation. Both criteria 2 and 3 have the problem that there is no clear dichotomy
Evolutionarily significant unit
Evolutionarily_significant_unit
2006 film by Bong Joon Ho
The Host is a 2006 monster film directed and co-written by Bong Joon Ho. It stars Song Kang-ho as food stand vendor Park Gang-du whose daughter Hyun-seo
The_Host_(2006_film)
Indian dating reality television series
Island' to get an Indian adaptation. Details". Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. "Karan Kundrra to Host Indian Adaptation of Temptation Island
Temptation_Island_India
2010 novel by Stephenie Meyer
acquire Meyer's 'Host'". Variety. "'The Host' Lands Release Date: Here's What We Know About Stephenie Meyer Adaptation". MTV.com. June 27, 2011. Archived from
The_Host_(novel)
1893 epic poem by Vazha-Pshavela
Host and Guest (Georgian: სტუმარ-მასპინძელი, St’umar-Masp’indzeli) is an epic poem by the Georgian poet, writer and philosopher Vazha-Pshavela. The poem
Host_and_Guest
Species of bacterium
Leonidas; Tang, Ji-Liang (2020-01-01). "Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas". FEMS
Xanthomonas_campestris
Indian reality game show franchise
under Viacom 18 and hosted by Mahesh Manjrekar later from fifth season Riteish Deshmukh hosted show. The next language adaptation was Malayalam, which
Bigg_Boss
American podcaster (born 1994)
her acting debut in the upcoming film adaptation of Verity (2026), in which she will appear as herself, hosting her podcast Call Her Daddy and interviewing
Alex_Cooper_(podcaster)
CFT maintains that cultural adaptation is an ongoing process that involves constant interaction between a newcomer and a "host" culture. The newcomer continuously
Cultural_fusion_theory
Species of moth
June 1992, Beijing. Reddy GVP; Cruz ZT; Bamba J; R Muniappan (2005). "Host adaptation of the fruit piercing moth, Eudocima fullonia". Physiological Entomology
Eudocima_phalonia
British entomologist
anisopliae growing in root exudate and host (Manduca sexta) cuticle or hemolymph reveals mechanisms of physiological adaptation". Fungal Genetics and Biology.
Raymond_St._Leger
Species of bacterium
a possible role of the Neolithization process in the evolution of host adaptation. Additional reconstructed genomes from colonial Mexico suggest S. enterica
Salmonella_enterica
British television series
Disney+'s Jilly Cooper Adaptation 'Rivals'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved 23 March 2023. "Victoria Smurfit and Aidan Turner star in adaptation of racy Jilly Cooper
Rivals_(TV_series)
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
affect adaptation and reproductive isolation, converting adaptations directly to speciation. A particularly telling case of this effect is host specificity
Pleiotropy
American musician, podcaster, and TV host
host. He has made four albums under the name The One AM Radio, and has a side project with LaKeith Stanfield called Moors. He is the creator and host
Hrishikesh_Hirway
Species of bivalve
Solemya (Mollusca: Bivalvia): Model systems for studies of symbiont–host adaptation". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 90 (4): 343–360. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9086-6
Solemya_velum
elements differ between different viruses, which is associated with the host-adaptation. Flaviviruses are therefore classified into four different groups:
Flavivirus_3'_UTR
American actor
has appeared in the film adaptations of the young adult novels Percy Jackson (2010–2013), I Am Number Four (2011), and The Host (2013), along with portraying
Jake_Abel
adaptations to plant defense have been likened to "offensive traits" and consist of those traits that allow for increased feeding and use of a host.
Herbivore adaptations to plant defense
Herbivore_adaptations_to_plant_defense
six 1-hour episodes each. Som & Fúria (TV, Brazil, 2009): A Brazilian adaptation of Slings and Arrows. The "Themes of Shakespeare" series contains straight-to-video
List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations
List_of_William_Shakespeare_screen_adaptations
American filmmaker and podcast host (born 1981)
(born May 11, 1981) is an American director, writer, producer, and podcast host. He made his feature film debut with 10 Cloverfield Lane (2016), earning
Dan_Trachtenberg
Species of fungus
H. (2010). "Whole-Genome and Chromosome Evolution Associated with Host Adaptation and Speciation of the Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola". PLoS
Zymoseptoria_tritici
Film by Denis Villeneuve
screenplay with Jon Spaihts and Eric Roth. It is the first of a two-part adaptation of the 1965 novel by Frank Herbert and the first installment in Villeneuve's
Dune_(2021_film)
Japanese light novel series and its adaptation(s)
the light novels and first manga adaptation are licensed in print by Square Enix. An anime television series adaptation produced by Toho Animation Studio
The_Apothecary_Diaries
English actor (born 1982)
repertoire into West End theatre, he has since performed in the stage adaptation of Swimming with Sharks with Christian Slater, followed a year later by
Matt_Smith
American social media personality and executive producer
best known as the host of the YouTube dating show Pop the Balloon or Find Love and as an executive producer of its Netflix live adaptation, Pop The Balloon
Arlette_Amuli
Family of bivalves
Solemya (Mollusca: Bivalvia)—Model systems for studies of symbiont–host adaptation". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 90 (4): 343–360. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9086-6
Solemyidae
Species of bacterium
A, Mooi F, Van Embden J, Musser J (1997). "Molecular evolution and host adaptation of Bordetella spp.: phylogenetic analysis using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis
Bordetella_parapertussis
Shrub growing in brackish water
identified niche-specialised AMGs that contribute to depth-stratified host adaptations. Given that microbes drive global biogeochemical cycles, and viruses
Mangrove
Adaptations of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell into other mediums
radio, television, theatre, opera and ballet. The first feature-length adaptation, 1984, was directed by Michael Anderson and was released in 1956. It starred
Adaptations of Nineteen Eighty-Four
Adaptations_of_Nineteen_Eighty-Four
1998 film by Gregory Hoblit
(voice) Gregory Hoblit and Nicholas Kazan were initially working on an adaptation of James Ellroy's The Big Nowhere when Kazan shared with Hoblit a script
Fallen_(1998_film)
2017 film by Bill Condon
a live-action/CGI remake of the 1991 Disney animated film, itself an adaptation of the fairy tale. Produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Mandeville Films
Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)
Beauty_and_the_Beast_(2017_film)
franchise developed by Eric Kripke, consisting of a live-action series adaptation, the web series Seven on 7, the animated anthology series The Boys Presents:
List_of_The_Boys_characters
Speculative fiction novel series by Matt Dinniman
books have sold over fourteen million copies. Additionally, a television adaptation has been greenlit for production by Peacock, and there are further plans
Dungeon_Crawler_Carl
Young adult book series by Suzanne Collins
topped all US bestseller lists upon its release. By the time the film adaptation of The Hunger Games was released in 2012, over 26 million copies of the
The_Hunger_Games
South African comedian (born 1984)
writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host. He was the host of The Daily Show, an American late-night talk show and satirical
Trevor_Noah
American actress (born 1976)
She has produced the film adaptations Gone Girl (2014) and Where the Crawdads Sing (2022), and the miniseries adaptation Daisy Jones & the Six (2023)
Reese_Witherspoon
1991 novel by Bret Easton Ellis
"academics revel in its transgressive and postmodern qualities". A film adaptation starring Christian Bale as Patrick Bateman was released in 2000 to generally
American_Psycho
American television quiz show
syndicated version premiered in 1984 with Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. Trebek hosted until his death in November 2020, with his last episode
Jeopardy!
Species of fungus
switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation". PLOS Biology. 12 (4) e1001830. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001830.
Candida_albicans
examples of phage adaptations to different hosts. The older phage literature, e.g., pre-1950s, also contains examples of phage adaptations to different culture
Bacteriophage experimental evolution
Bacteriophage_experimental_evolution
Genus of bacteria
He YQ, Becker A, et al. (October 2019). "Mechanistic insights into host adaptation, virulence and epidemiology of the phytopathogen Xanthomonas". FEMS
Xanthomonas
American actress (born 1976)
Hallmark Channel original films—including the title character in their adaptations of the Aurora Teagarden novel series. In 2014, she was a finalist on
Candace_Cameron_Bure
Species of bacterium
OCLC 781681739. Quillin SJ, Seifert HS (April 2018). "Neisseria gonorrhoeae host adaptation and pathogenesis". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 16 (4): 226–240. doi:10
Neisseria_gonorrhoeae
American actor (born 1947)
the Oliver Stone-produced The New Age (1994), and David Cronenberg's adaptation of William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch (1991). In addition to a Saturn
Peter_Weller
2022 video game
multiplayer-focused spinoff game, Elden Ring Nightreign, was released in 2025. A film adaptation is in production and is slated for a 2028 release. Elden Ring is an action
Elden_Ring
Canadian film and television screenwriter
Americans which ran from 2013 to 2018. In 2014, Yost was attached to an adaptation of the Alex Kershaw book Avenue of Spies for WGN America. In 2016, he
Graham_Yost
Genetic variation in viruses of mutations in virus genes that code virus proteins
John C. (17 June 2010). "Influenza virus evolution, host adaptation and pandemic formation". Cell Host & Microbe. 7 (6): 440–451. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010
Antigenic_drift
Defensive feature of prey for selective advantage
Anti-predator adaptations are mechanisms developed through evolution that assist prey organisms in their constant struggle against predators. Throughout
Anti-predator_adaptation
American actor (born 1972)
2021. Lovitt, Maggie (July 2, 2021). "Animated Night of the Living Dead Adaptation Coming Starring Josh Duhamel, Dulé Hill, and Katee Sackhoff". Collider
Josh_Duhamel
French television series
series RuPaul's Drag Race, it is the ninth international adaptation of the show. The show is hosted by Nicky Doll, who previously competed in the twelfth
Drag_Race_France
Fantasy/mystery book series by Jim Butcher
Dresden Files universe, as well as dozens of short stories, with audio adaptations performed by James Marsters. Other works set in the same fictional universe
The_Dresden_Files
English television presenter, journalist, author and farmer (born 1960)
for hosting the motoring television programmes Top Gear (2002–2015) and The Grand Tour (2016–2024) alongside Richard Hammond and James May. He hosts the
Jeremy_Clarkson
Mexican reality competition television series
queen Valentina and Mexican drag queen Lolita Banana, would host the Mexican adaptation. In May 2023, Entertainment Weekly revealed the first eleven
Drag_Race_México
1996 novel by Stephen King
network ABC broadcast a television film based on Stephen King's screenplay adaptation of his novel. The film was directed by frequent King collaborator Mick
Desperation_(novel)
series, which is a local adaptation of the British series of the same name, sees original host, Peter Maddison, and current host, Anthony Burke, chronicle
List of Grand Designs Australia episodes
List_of_Grand_Designs_Australia_episodes
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